Donald Pharr, Santi V. Buscemi

Writing Today with Student Access to Catalyst

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Writing Today: Contexts and Options for the Real World is a text designed to help students see reading and writing as practical tools both in college and in the world of work. This text focuses on both academic and professional contexts for writing.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: McGraw Hill LLC
• Erscheinungstermin: Dezember 2004
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 229mm x 186mm x 30mm
• Gewicht: 1229g
• ISBN-13: 9780073011486
• ISBN-10: 0073011487
• Artikelnr.: 22327714

Autorenporträt

Donald Pharr received his bachelors degree from Indiana State University and his masters and doctorate from the University of Georgia. He is the co-author (with Gerald J. Schiffhorst) of the The Short Handbook for Writers, second edition. He taught for many years in the Florida community college system, where he specialized in applied composition: business, technical, and science writing. As well he has spent almost two decades consulting as a technical writer and editor. Dr. Pharr is currently associate professor of English at Saint Leo University.

Inhaltsangabe

PART 1: APPROACHES
Chapter 1: The Essay: Determining Purpose, Audience, and Approach
Characteristics of the Essay
Rhetorical Context
Defining Your Purpose
Defining Your Audience
Rhetorical Structures
The Classical Pattern of Organization
Anticipating Rhetorical Options
Reading with a Writer's Eye
Consider the Writer's Rhetorical Context and Rhetorical Structures
Consider Your Purposes as a Reader
Suzanne Britt, Neat People vs. Sloppy People
Essay Analysis
The Essay's Rhetorical Context
The Essay's Rhetorical Structure
Writing with a Reader's Eye
STUDENT ESSAY: "A Very Secret Santa"
The Writing Process
Using the Internet
Chapter 2: Shaping Your Essay: Prewriting, Organizing, and Drafting
Why Should You Plan an Essay?
Choosing Your Topic
Establishing Your Rhetorical Context
Prewriting Strategies
Considering Your Purpose and Audience
Considering Your Learning Style
Aural Learners: Brainstorming with Peers
Aural Learners: Brainstorming with a Recorder
Verbal Learners: Written Brainstorming
Verbal Learners: Freewriting
Verbal Learners: Invisible Writing
Verbal Learners: Looping
Visual Learners: Clustering and Chart Making
Focusing Strategies
Establishing Your Working Thesis
Focusing Your Thesis
Organizational Strategies
Structuring Your Prewriting
Informal Outlines
Sentence Outlines
Formal Outlines
Drafting Strategies
Drafting In-class Essays
Drafting Out-of-Class Essays
Drafting with a Computer
Establishing Your Voice
STUDENT ESSAY: Verlinda's First Draft of "A Very Secret Santa"
Using the Internet
Chapter 3: Developing Strong Paragraphs: Exploring Your Options
Paragraphs in Context
Introductory Paragraphs
Positioning the Thesis
Getting Your Reader's Attention
Body Paragraphs
Description
Narration
Exemplification
Process Analysis
Causal Analysis
Definition
Classification
Comparison/Contrast
Argument
Concluding Paragraphs
Writing Effective Topic Sentences
Topic Sentence at the Paragraph's Beginning
Ending with the Topic Sentence
Topic Sentence within the Paragraph
Topic Sentence Used for Two Paragraphs
The Implied Topic Sentence
Achieving Unity
Achieving Coherence
Using Effective Transitions
Achieving Coherence Through Careful Choice of Nouns and Pronouns
Using Parallelism
Achieving Specificity Through the Use of Concrete Details
Using the Internet
Chapter 4: Reshaping Your Essay: Global Revision
Peer Response and Review
Peer Review Checklist
Responding to Suggestions for Revision
STUDENT ESSAY: Peer-Reviewed Draft of "A Very Secret Santa"
Using a Word Processor to Revise
Revising Essays
Checking for Unity
Improving Coherence
Using the Appropriate Language Level
Making Your Language More Concrete and Specific
Finding the Right Tone
Checking Your Introductory Paragraphs and Thesis
Checking Your Topic Sentences and Body Paragraphs
Checking Your Conclusion
Completing Your Essay on Computer
Writing an Effective Title
Using the Internet
Chapter 5: Refining Your Essay: Editing and Proofreading
Combining Sentences
Merging and Submerging Related Ideas
Merging
Submerging
Coordinating and Subordinating Related Ideas
Using Coordinating Conjunctions
Using Conjunctive Adverbs/Transitional Expressions
Using Subordinating Conjunctions
Using Correlative Conjunctions
Using Hybrid Sentence Patterns
Compound Sentences
Complex Sentences
Compound-Complex Sentences
Using Periodic and Climactic Sentence Structure to Create Emphasis
Choosing Words Carefully
Striving for Parallelism
Including All Necessary Words
Avoiding Awkward Repetition
Using Only Words That Matter
Avoiding Redundancy
Avoiding Euphemisms
Using Figurative Language Appropriately
Avoiding Clichés
Learning to Use Denotation and Connotation
Using Idiomatic English
Using Active, Specific Language
Using the Internet
PART 2 : STRUCTURES
Chapter 6: Description
How Does Description Work?
Reading the Descriptive Essay with a Writer's Eye
Thomas McGuane, Roanie
Maxine Hong Kingston, Photographs of My Parents
Hildegard Knef, From The Gift Horse
Sherman Alexie, Family Portrait
Writing the Descriptive Essay with a Reader's Eye
Issues to Keep in Mind
Audience and Language Level
Description and Narrative
Objective Description versus Subjective Description
Structuring Your Description
Choosing a Topic
Prewriting
Organizing
Drafting
The Introduction
The Body
The Conclusion
Revising Your Draft
Questions for Revising a Descriptive Essay
STUDENT ESSAYS: Jennifer Janisz, "Help! Anyone!"
Jennifer's Final Draft
Jennifer's First Draft
Exercise: Revising
Additional Writing Topics
Responding to a Photograph
Writing about Film
Using the Internet
Chapter 7: Narration
How Does Narration Work?
Reading the Narrative Essay with a Writer's Eye
Lynda Barry, The Sanctuary of School
Sandra Cisneros, Only Daughter
Annie Dillard, The Chase
George Orwell, A Hanging
Writing the Personal Narrative with a Reader's Eye
Issues to Keep in Mind
Using Time Economically
Transitions
Paragraphing and Topic Sentences
Choosing a Topic
Prewriting
Organizing
Drafting
The Introduction
The Body
The Conclusion
Revising Your Draft
Questions for Revising a Narrative
STUDENT ESSAY: Claire Reid, "After the Fray"
Claire's Final Draft
Claire's First Draft
Exercise: Revising
Additional Writing Topics
Responding to a Photograph
Writing about Film
Using the Internet
Chapter 8: Exemplification
How Does Exemplification Work?
Reading the Exemplification Essay with a Writer's Eye
Phyllis Rose, Shopping and Other Spiritual Adventures in America Today
Brent Staples, Just Walk on By
Lars Eighner, On Dumpster Diving
Harry F. Waters, Life According to TV
Writing the Exemplification Essay with a Reader's Eye
Issues to Keep in Mind
Sources of Examples
Relevant and Representative Examples
Choosing a Topic
Prewriting
Organizing
Drafting
The Introduction
The Body
The Conclusion
Revising Your Draft
Questions for Revising an Exemplification Essay
STUDENT ESSAY: Jennifer Janisz, "Three Families"
Jennifer's Final Draft
Jennifer's First Draft
Exercise: Revising
Additional Writing Topics
Responding to a Photograph
Writing about Film
Using the Internet
Chapter 9: Process Analysis
How Does Process Analysis Work?
Reading the Process Analysis Essay with a Writer's Eye
Jerry Jesness, Why Johnny Can't Fail
Joan Gould, Binding Decisions
Malcolm X, My First Conk
Umberto Eco, How Not to Use the Fax Machine and the Cellular Phone
Writing the Process Analysis Essay with a Reader's Eye
Issues to Keep in Mind
Audience Analysis
Language Level
Voice
Choosing a Topic
Prewriting
Organizing
Drafting
The Introduction
The Body
The Conclusion
Revising Your Draft
Questions for Reviewing a Process Analysis Essay
STUDENT ESSAY: Manny Meregildo, "Get the Right Job"
Manny's Final Draft
Manny's First Draft
Exercise: Revising
Additional Writing Topics
Responding to a Photograph
Writing about Film
Using the Internet
Chapter 10: Causal Analysis
How Does Causal Analysis Work?
Reading the Causal Analysis Essay with a Writer's Eye
Barbara Ehrenreich, The Cult of Busyness
Natalie Angier, Is War Our Biological Destiny?
Gore Vidal, Drugs
Richard Rhodes, Hollow Claims about Fantasy Violence
Writing the Causal Analysis Essay with a Reader's Eye
Issues to Keep in Mind
Weighing the Causes or Effects
Choosing Internal Strategies
Choosing a Topic
Prewriting
Organizing
Drafting
The Introduction
The Body
The Conclusion
Revising Your Draft
Questions for Reviewing a Causal Analysis Essay
STUDENT ESSAY: Noelani Jones, "Worlds Apart"
Noelani's Final Draft
Noelani's First Draft
Exercise: Revising
Additional Writing Topics
Responding to a Photograph
Writing about Film
Using the Internet
Chapter 11: Definition
How Does Definition Work?
Reading the Definition Essay with a Writer's Eye
Judy Brady, Why I Want a Wife
William Raspberry, The Handicap of Definition
Annie Dillard, So This Was Adolescence
Tony Earley, The Quare Gene
Writing the Definition Essay with a Reader's Eye
Issues to Keep in Mind
Using Brief Definitions
Using Negative Definitions
Objective Definition and Subjective Definition
Strategies for Developing a Definition
Choosing a Topic
Prewriting
Organizing
Drafting
The Introduction
The Body
The Conclusion
Revising Your Draft
Questions for Reviewing an Extended Definition
STUDENT ESSAY: Curtis Ray Mosley, "Trailer Park Girls"
Curtis's Final Draft
Curtis's First Draft
Exercise: Revising
Additional Writing Topics
Responding to a Photograph
Writing about Film
Using the Internet
Chapter 12: Classification
How Does Classification Work?
Reading the Classification Essay with a Writer's Eye
Fran Lebowitz, The Sound of Music: Enough Already
Tom Kuntz, Not Sold by Intellectual Weight
Martin Luther King Jr., Three Types of Resistance to Oppression
Paul Fussell, Notes on Class
Writing the Classification Essay with a Reader's Eye
Issues to Keep in Mind
Methods of Explaining Categories
Informative Classification Versus Personal Classification
Language Level
Choosing a Topic
Prewriting
Organizing
Drafting
The Introduction
The Body
The Conclusion
Revising Your Draft
Questions for Reviewing a Classification Essay
STUDENT ESSAY: Sam Leininger, "Fraud Alert"
Sam's Final Draft
Sam's First Draft
Exercise: Revising
Additional Writing Topics
Responding to a Photograph
Writing about Film
Using the Internet
Chapter 13: Comparison and Contrast
How Does Comparison/Contrast Work?
Reading the Comparison/Contrast Essay with a Writer's Eye
Ellen Currie, Two Varieties of Killers
Bharati Mukherjee, Two Ways to Belong in America
David Sedaris, Family Engineering
Barbara Mellix, From Outside, In
Writing the Comparison/Contrast Essay with a Reader's Eye
Issues to Keep in Mind
Balanced Subjects
Using Transitions
Choosing a Topic
Prewriting
Organizing
Drafting
The Introduction
The Body
The Conclusion
Revising Your Draft
Questions for Reviewing a Comparison/Contrast Essay
STUDENT ESSAY: Sam Leininger, "The Two Sides of the Aisle"
Sam's Final Draft
Sam's First Draft
Exercise: Revising
Additional Writing Topics
Responding to a Photograph
Writing about Film
Using the Internet
Chapter 14: Argument
How Does Argument Work?
Reading the Argument Essay with a Writer's Eye
Walter S. Minot, Students Who Push Burgers
Deborah Tannen, The Triumph of the Yell
Caryl Rivers, What Should Be Done about Rock Lyrics?
Michael Levin, The Case for Torture
Writing the Argument Essay with a Reader's Eye
Issues to Keep in Mind
The Language of Argument
Supporting the Essay's Claims
Logical Fallacies
Consider Your Audience and Purpose
Choosing a Topic
Prewriting
Organizing
Drafting
The Introduction
The Body
The Conclusion
Revising Your Draft
Questions for Reviewing an Argument Essay
STUDENT ESSAY: Sam Leininger, "My Simple and Modest Plan"
Sam's Final Draft
Sam's First Draft
Exercise: Revising
Additional Writing Topics
Responding to a Photograph
Writing about Film
Using the Internet
Chapter 15: The Blended Essay
How Does the Blended Essay Work?
Reading the Blended Essay with a Writer's Eye
Scott Russell Sanders, The Men We Carry in Our Minds
Anthony Bourdain, Don't Eat Before Reading This
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, On the Fear of Death
Robert B. Reich, Why the Rich Are Getting Richer and the Poor Poorer
Writing the Blended Essay with a Reader's Eye
Prewriting
Organizing
Drafting
Revising Your Draft
Questions for Reviewing a Blended Essay
STUDENT ESSAY: Kevin Hunkovic, "Three Years Without Liberty"
Additional Writing Topics
Responding to a Photograph
Writing about Film
Using the Internet
PART 3 : APPLICATIONS
Chapter 16: Essay Examinations
Study for the Exam
Read the Directions
Short Answers
Paragraphs
Essays
Allocate Your Time
Interpret Key Words
Prewriting Essay Responses
Drafting Essay Responses
Sample Essay Exam Response
Chapter 17: Business Formats
E-Mail, Memos, and Business Letters
E-Mail
The Practical Context
The Rhetorical Context
Memos
Formatting
Examples
Writing Assignments
Business Letters
Formatting
Elements of the Letter
Examples
Writing Assignments
Résumés and Letters of Application
Elements of a Résumé
Elements of an Application Letter
Writing Assignments
Chapter 18: Quoting Text
General Principles for Quoting Text
Incorporating Direct Quotations: MLA Guidelines
Incorporating Direct Quotations: APA Guidelines
Chapter 19: Writing about Literature
General Guidelines for Reading Literature
General Guidelines for Writing About Literature
Writing about Fiction
Useful Terms for Writing about Fiction
Naguib Mahfouz, The Answer Is No
Analysis
Student Responses to The Answer is No
Writing about Poetry
William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802
Student Response: Beauty in a Strange Context
Useful Terms for Writing About Poetry
Chapter 20: The Research Process
Narrowing Your Topic and Framing a Research Question
Beginning with Tools from the Reference Room
Using Primary and Secondary Sources
Creating a Working Bibliography
Locating Books and Articles on Your Topic
Computerized Book Catalogues
The Traditional Card Catalogue
Periodical Indexes
Electronic Databases
Searching the Internet
A Brief Glossary of Internet Terms
Internet Search Tools: URLs, Directories, and Search Engines
A Brief List of Popular Search Engines
Three Tips on Using Search Engines
Evaluating Sources
Tips on Evaluating Sources for Your Research Paper
Tips on Evaluating Electronic Sources for Your Research Paper
Taking Notes
Avoiding Plagiarism
Chapter 21: The Research Paper
General Strategies for the Research Paper
The MLA-Style Research Paper
Parenthetical (In-Text) Citations
The Works Cited List
The Basic Works Cited Format
MLA Citations--Books
MLA Citations--Periodical Articles
MLA Citations--Online Sources
MLA Citations--Miscellaneous Sources
MLA Research Paper Format
Sample Research Paper in MLA Format: Valerie Richfield, "Child Care and the
Working Poor"
Checklist for MLA-Style Research Papers
The APA-Style Research Paper
In-Text Citations
The Reference List
The Basic Reference Format
APA Citations--Books
APA Citations--Periodical Articles
APA Citations--Online Sources
APA Citations--Miscellaneous Sources
APA Research Paper Format
Checklist for APA-Style Research Papers
PART 4: GRAMMAR AND MECHANICS
Chapter 22: Parts of Speech
22a Nouns
22b Pronouns
22c Adjectives
22d Articles
22e Prepositions
22f Conjunctions
22g Verbs
22h Verb Tense
22i Verb Mood
22j Verb Voice
22k Verbals
22l Adverbs
22m Placement of Adverbs
22n Interjections
Chapter 23: Sentence Parts and Sentence Types
Sentence Parts
23a Subjects
23b Predicates
23c Objects
23d Complements
23e Phrases
23f Clauses
Sentence Types
23g Creating Emphasis and Variety: Compound Sentences
23h Creating Emphasis and Variety Through Subordination
Chapter 24: Major Sentence Errors
Sentence Fragments
24a Phrases as Fragments
24b Dependent Clauses as Fragments
24c Intentional Fragments
Avoiding "Run-ons": Fused Sentences and Comma Splices
24d Use a Full Stop (Period, Semicolon, or Colon) Between the Independent
Clauses
24e Use a Comma and Coordinating Conjunction (And, But, For, Nor, Or, So
Yet) to Connect the Two Independent Clauses
24f Change One of the Two Independent Clauses to a Dependent Clause or to a
Phrase
Other Sentence-Level Problems
24g Problems with Parallelism
24h Avoiding Faulty Comparisons
24i Avoiding Mixed Constructions
Chapter 25: Problems with Verbs
Subject-Verb Agreement
25a Subjects Connected by and
25b Compound Subjects Treated as Singular Constructions
25c Subjects Connected by Or, Nor, Either...Or, Neither...Nor, and Not
Only...But Also
25d Subjects That Are Indefinite Pronouns
25e Subjects That Are Collective Nouns
25f Other Collective Nouns That Cause Agreement Problems
Special Situations
25g Subjects Separated from Their Verbs
25h Subjects and Linking Verbs
25i Subjects That Follow Verbs: Inverted Sentence Structures
Verb Shifts
25j Tense Shifts
25k Voice Shifts
25l Mood Shifts
Chapter 26: Problems with Pronouns
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
26a Antecedents That Use and and Other Connectors
26b Antecedents Joined by Or, Nor, Either...Or, Neither...Nor, and Not
Only...But Also
26c Antecedents That Are Indefinite Pronouns
26d Antecedents That Are Collective Nouns
26e Other Collective Nouns That Cause Agreement Problems
Pronoun Reference
26f Pronouns Without Appropriate Antecedents
26g Pronouns with Unclear Antecedents
26h Avoiding Shifts of Person
Pronoun Case
26i The Subjective Case, the Objective Case, and the Possessive Case
26j Pronouns That Are Subject Complements
26k The Subjective Case and Comparisons
26l Pronouns That Are Subjects of Clauses
26m Reflexive Pronouns and Intensive Pronouns
Chapter 27: Problems with Modifiers
27a Misplaced and Ambiguous (Squinting) Modifiers
27b Dangling Modifiers
27c Incorrect Substitution of Adjectives and Adverbs
27d Problems with Comparatives and Superlatives
27e Problems with Adjective Order
27f Problems with Split Infinitives
27g Problems with Articles
Chapter 28: Punctuating Sentences with Commas
28a Commas with Independent Clauses
28b Commas with Introductory Clauses, Phrases, and Words
28c Commas and Nonessential Elements
28d Commas and Items in a Series
28e Commas with Coordinate Adjectives
28f Commas with Other Expressions
28g Commas and Conventional Uses
28h Unnecessary Commas
Chapter 29: Punctuating Sentences with Other Punctuation Marks
29a Periods (.)
29b Semicolons (;)
29c Question Marks (?) and Exclamation Marks (!)
29d Colons (:)
29e Dashes (--)
29f Parentheses ( )
29g Brackets ([ ])
29h Double Quotation Marks (" ")
29i Single Quotation Marks (' ')
29j Quotation Marks with Other Punctuation
29k Apostrophes (')
29l Slashes (/)
Chapter 30: Mechanics
30a Capitalization
30b Italics and Underlining
30c Numbers and Numerals
30d Hyphens
Chapter 31: Diction, Usage, and Spelling
31a Using the Right Word
31b Denotation and Connotation
31c General Versus Specific Nouns and Verbs
31d Writing Lean Sentences
31e Avoiding Sexist Language
31f Using Figur ative Language and Avoiding Clichés
31g Avoiding Fillers, Euphemisms, and Jargon
31h Using the Appropriate Language Level
31i Using a Consistent Language Level
31j Using the Correct Idiom
31k Improving Your Spelling
Chapter 32: A Glossary of Usage
Index