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This book provides a comprehensive yet accessible overview of land systems vulnerability assessment in Asia - fundamental to the understanding of the link between global change, environmental sustainability and human wellbeing. The extent and intensity of human interactions with the environment have increased spectacularly since the Industrial Revolution. Thus, the global change research community and development practitioners increasingly recognize the need to address the adverse consequences of changes taking place in the structure and function of the biosphere and the implications for…mehr
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This book provides a comprehensive yet accessible overview of land systems vulnerability assessment in Asia - fundamental to the understanding of the link between global change, environmental sustainability and human wellbeing. The extent and intensity of human interactions with the environment have increased spectacularly since the Industrial Revolution. Thus, the global change research community and development practitioners increasingly recognize the need to address the adverse consequences of changes taking place in the structure and function of the biosphere and the implications for society. With a focus on Asia, this book provides an overview of the vulnerability of land systems and the subsequent multiple stressors in this region. The book offers a discussion surrounding the potential causal processes that affect land systems vulnerability and our capacity to cope with different perturbations. It also identifies factors that help to integrate vulnerability assessment into policy and decision-making.
- Addresses the complex issues arising from human-environment interactions that cannot be satisfactorily dealt with by core disciplinary methods alone.
- Key coverage of a variety of topics from the vulnerability of smallholder agriculture and urban systems to the impact of socioeconomic processes at the sub-regional level.
- Coverage of the causal processes that affect land systems vulnerability and capacity to cope with different perturbations are documented.
- Focus on integrating vulnerability assessment into policies and decision-making
- Includes contributions from leading academics in the field.
- Addresses the complex issues arising from human-environment interactions that cannot be satisfactorily dealt with by core disciplinary methods alone.
- Key coverage of a variety of topics from the vulnerability of smallholder agriculture and urban systems to the impact of socioeconomic processes at the sub-regional level.
- Coverage of the causal processes that affect land systems vulnerability and capacity to cope with different perturbations are documented.
- Focus on integrating vulnerability assessment into policies and decision-making
- Includes contributions from leading academics in the field.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 368
- Erscheinungstermin: 17. November 2014
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 244mm x 170mm x 23mm
- Gewicht: 862g
- ISBN-13: 9781118854952
- ISBN-10: 1118854950
- Artikelnr.: 41521934
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 368
- Erscheinungstermin: 17. November 2014
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 244mm x 170mm x 23mm
- Gewicht: 862g
- ISBN-13: 9781118854952
- ISBN-10: 1118854950
- Artikelnr.: 41521934
Dr Ademola K. Braimoh Senior Natural Resources Management Specialist, The World Bank Prof. He Qing Huang Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Editors' Introductions xiii List of Contributors xv Preface xix 1 Land
Systems Vulnerability 1 Ademola K. Braimoh and He Qing Huang 1.1
Introduction 1 1.2 Overview of the book 3 Acknowledgements 5 References 5
Part I Hazards and Vulnerability 2 Drought and Extreme Climate Stress on
Human-Environment Systems in the Gobi Desert Mongolia 11 Troy Sternberg 2.1
Introduction 11 2.2 Methods 14 2.3 Results 15 2.4 Discussion 19 2.5
Conclusion 22 Acknowledgements 22 References 22 3 Vulnerability and
Resilience of the Mongolian Pastoral Social-Ecological Systems to Multiple
Stressors 27 Dennis Ojima, Togtokh Chuluun and Myagmarsuren Altanbagana 3.1
Introduction 27 3.2 The current situation 29 3.3 Analysis of vulnerability
of critical ecosystem services 32 3.4 Coping scenarios 34 3.5 Summary and
conclusion 37 Acknowledgements 38 References 39 4 Vulnerability of Pastoral
Communities in Central Mongolia to Climate and Land-Use Changes 41 T.
Chuluun, M. Altanbagana, S. Davaanyam, B. Tserenchunt and D. Ojima 4.1
Introduction 41 4.2 Study sites and methodology 43 4.3 Research results 45
4.4 The results of a social survey related to the 'dryland development
paradigm' 46 4.5 Pastoral social-ecological scenarios 49 4.6 Policy-related
social survey 56 4.7 Discussion 59 4.8 Conclusion 60 Acknowledgements 61
References 61 5 Vulnerability Assessment Diagram: A Case Study on Drought
in Middle Inner Mongolia, China 63 Xiaoqian Liu, He Yin and Ademola K.
Braimoh 5.1 Introduction 63 5.2 An integrated diagram for vulnerability
assessment: the VSD model 64 5.3 Case study using the VSD model 66 5.4
Results and discussion 69 5.5 Conclusion 72 References 74 6 Vulnerability
of Agriculture to Climate Change in Arid Regions: a Case Study of Western
Rajasthan, India 77 R.B. Singh and Ajay Kumar 6.1 Introduction 77 6.2
Climate change scenarios: global, national and local levels 78 6.3 Study
area 80 6.4 Research methodology 80 6.5 Results and discussions 82 6.6
Conclusion 89 References 89 7 Dendrogeomorphological and Sedimentological
Analysis of Debris Flow Hazards in the Northern Zailiiskiy Alatau, Tien
Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan 91 Vanessa Winchester, David G. Passmore,
Stephan Harrison, Alaric Rae, Igor Severskiy and Nina V. Pimankina 7.1
Introduction 91 7.2 Study area 93 7.3 Methods and materials 93 7.4 Results
100 7.5 Discussion 107 7.6 Conclusions 110 Acknowledgements 111 References
111 Part II Land-use Change: Modelling and Impact Assessment 8 Regional
Scenarios and Simulated Land-Cover Changes in Montane Mainland Southeast
Asia 117 Jefferson Fox, John B. Vogler, Omer L. Sen, Alan L. Ziegler and
Thomas W. Giambelluca 8.1 Introduction 117 8.2 Methods 119 8.3 Results 129
8.4 Discussion and conclusions 135 Acknowledgements 138 References 138 9
Land-use Change and its Impacts on Agricultural Productivity in China 143
Huimin Yan, He Qing Huang, Xiangzheng Deng and Jiyuan Liu 9.1 Introduction
143 9.2 Land-use data 144 9.3 Methods for estimating changes in
agricultural productivity 145 9.4 Agricultural productivity change caused
by cropland transformation 147 9.5 Summary 152 Acknowledgements 152
References 152 10 Long-Term Land-Cover Change in the Amur River Basin 155
Shigeko Haruyama, Yoshitaka Masuda and Akihiko Kondoh 10.1 Introduction 155
10.2 Outline of study area 156 10.3 The dataset 157 10.4 Method of study
158 10.5 Results and consideration 159 10.6 Summary 163 Acknowledgements
163 References 163 11 Simulating Land-use Change in China from a Global
Perspective 165 Xuefeng Cui, Mark Rounsevell, Yuan Jiang, Muyi Kang, Paul
Palmer, Wen Chen and Terence Dawson 11.1 Introduction 165 11.2 Land use in
China 166 11.3 Global perspectives 168 11.4 Model and data 170 11.5 Model
results 171 11.6 Discussion and conclusions 176 Acknowledgements 176
References 176 12 Sustainable Land Use Planning in West Asia Using
MicroLEIS Decision Support Systems 179 Farzin Shahbazi, Maria Anaya-Romero,
Ademola K. Braimoh and Diego De la Rosa 12.1 Introduction 179 12.2
Materials and methods 181 12.3 Modelling with MicroLEIS in the Ahar region
185 12.4 Conclusions 191 Acknowledgements 193 References 193 13 Impacts of
Agricultural Land Change on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Kahayan
Watershed, Central Kalimantan 195 J.S. Rahajoe, L. Alhamd, E.B. Walujo,
H.S. Limin, M.S. Suneetha, A.K. Braimoh and T. Kohyama 13.1 Introduction
195 13.2 Study locations and methods 197 13.3 Results and discussion 200
13.4 Conclusion 212 Acknowledgements 212 References 212 14 Spatio-Temporal
Evolution of Urban Structure in Shanghai 215 Wenze Yue, Peilei Fan and
Jiaguo Qi 14.1 Introduction 215 14.2 Theoretical framework, study area,
data, and methodology 216 14.3 Findings 219 14.4 Discussion 226 14.5
Conclusion 230 Acknowledgements 232 References 232 Part III Institutions 15
Governing Ecosystem Services from Upland Watersheds in Southeast Asia 237
Louis Lebel and Rajesh Daniel 15.1 Introduction 237 15.2 Plans 238 15.3
Rules 242 15.4 Incentives 246 15.5 Information 249 15.6 Discussion 250 15.7
Conclusions 252 Acknowledgements 253 References 253 16 Socio-Economic
Impacts of a Wetland Restoration Program in China's Poyang Lake Region 261
Fen Li, Lin Zhen, He Qing Huang, Yunjie Wei, Li Yang and Sandra Uthes 16.1
Introduction 261 16.2 Study area 263 16.3 Methods 264 16.4 Results 267 16.5
Discussion 272 16.6 Conclusions 274 Acknowledgements 275 References 275 17
China's Sloping Land Conversion Program: Are the Farmers Paid Enough? 277
Shubhechchha Thapa, Xing Lu and Ademola K. Braimoh 17.1 Introduction 277
17.2 The study area 278 17.3 Data sources and analysis 279 17.4 Results and
discussion 280 17.5 Conclusion 282 References 283 18 Community-Based
Peatland Management for Greenhouse Gas Reduction Based on Fire-Free Land
Preparation 285 Bambang Hero Saharjo 18.1 Introduction 285 18.2 Greenhouse
gas emissions 286 18.3 The current Indonesian forest fire situation 289
18.4 Greenhouse gas emissions reduction 290 18.5 Conclusion 295
Acknowledgements 295 References 296 19 Structuring Climate Finance for
Adaptation Measures in Vulnerable Ecosystems: Lessons from India 297 A.
Damodaran 19.1 Introduction 297 19.2 Approach 298 19.3 Methodology of field
studies 298 19.4 Co-benefits approach to adaptation financing and equity
299 19.5 Adaptation gradients 301 19.6 Adaptation possibility trends for
agro and coastal ecosystems: preliminary assessment 302 19.7 Financing
systems for adaptation to climate change 303 19.8 Evidence from the study
area 306 19.9 Lessons and implications: summing up 307 References 308 20
Scientific Uncertainty and Policy Making: How can Communications Contribute
to a Better Marriage in the Global Change Arena? 311 Gabriela Litre 20.1 A
case study: the establishment of marine reserves off the Californian coast
312 20.2 A matter of trust 313 20.3 Communicating scientific uncertainty
315 20.4 The need for a new language 316 20.5 Changing worlds 317 20.6 A
learning experience 318 Acknowledgements 319 References 319 21 Planning for
Resilience: the Quest for Learning and Adaptation 323 Fernando Teigao dos
Santos 21.1 Introductory insights 323 21.2 The global 'carousel' context
324 21.3 Looking at the resilience framework 325 21.4 Planning for
resilience 328 21.5 'Command-and-control' vs 'learning-and-adaptation' 329
21.6 The strategic SPARK example 331 21.7 Final considerations 332
Acknowledgements 333 References 333 22 Conclusion 337 He Qing Huang and
Ademola K. Braimoh 22.1 Improving understanding in areas lacking data 337
22.2 Highlighting the effects of scale 339 22.3 Validating the conceptual
framework for vulnerability assessment 339 22.4 Land system vulnerability
in other parts of the world 339 22.5 Roads ahead 340 22.6 Final remarks 341
References 341 Index 343
Systems Vulnerability 1 Ademola K. Braimoh and He Qing Huang 1.1
Introduction 1 1.2 Overview of the book 3 Acknowledgements 5 References 5
Part I Hazards and Vulnerability 2 Drought and Extreme Climate Stress on
Human-Environment Systems in the Gobi Desert Mongolia 11 Troy Sternberg 2.1
Introduction 11 2.2 Methods 14 2.3 Results 15 2.4 Discussion 19 2.5
Conclusion 22 Acknowledgements 22 References 22 3 Vulnerability and
Resilience of the Mongolian Pastoral Social-Ecological Systems to Multiple
Stressors 27 Dennis Ojima, Togtokh Chuluun and Myagmarsuren Altanbagana 3.1
Introduction 27 3.2 The current situation 29 3.3 Analysis of vulnerability
of critical ecosystem services 32 3.4 Coping scenarios 34 3.5 Summary and
conclusion 37 Acknowledgements 38 References 39 4 Vulnerability of Pastoral
Communities in Central Mongolia to Climate and Land-Use Changes 41 T.
Chuluun, M. Altanbagana, S. Davaanyam, B. Tserenchunt and D. Ojima 4.1
Introduction 41 4.2 Study sites and methodology 43 4.3 Research results 45
4.4 The results of a social survey related to the 'dryland development
paradigm' 46 4.5 Pastoral social-ecological scenarios 49 4.6 Policy-related
social survey 56 4.7 Discussion 59 4.8 Conclusion 60 Acknowledgements 61
References 61 5 Vulnerability Assessment Diagram: A Case Study on Drought
in Middle Inner Mongolia, China 63 Xiaoqian Liu, He Yin and Ademola K.
Braimoh 5.1 Introduction 63 5.2 An integrated diagram for vulnerability
assessment: the VSD model 64 5.3 Case study using the VSD model 66 5.4
Results and discussion 69 5.5 Conclusion 72 References 74 6 Vulnerability
of Agriculture to Climate Change in Arid Regions: a Case Study of Western
Rajasthan, India 77 R.B. Singh and Ajay Kumar 6.1 Introduction 77 6.2
Climate change scenarios: global, national and local levels 78 6.3 Study
area 80 6.4 Research methodology 80 6.5 Results and discussions 82 6.6
Conclusion 89 References 89 7 Dendrogeomorphological and Sedimentological
Analysis of Debris Flow Hazards in the Northern Zailiiskiy Alatau, Tien
Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan 91 Vanessa Winchester, David G. Passmore,
Stephan Harrison, Alaric Rae, Igor Severskiy and Nina V. Pimankina 7.1
Introduction 91 7.2 Study area 93 7.3 Methods and materials 93 7.4 Results
100 7.5 Discussion 107 7.6 Conclusions 110 Acknowledgements 111 References
111 Part II Land-use Change: Modelling and Impact Assessment 8 Regional
Scenarios and Simulated Land-Cover Changes in Montane Mainland Southeast
Asia 117 Jefferson Fox, John B. Vogler, Omer L. Sen, Alan L. Ziegler and
Thomas W. Giambelluca 8.1 Introduction 117 8.2 Methods 119 8.3 Results 129
8.4 Discussion and conclusions 135 Acknowledgements 138 References 138 9
Land-use Change and its Impacts on Agricultural Productivity in China 143
Huimin Yan, He Qing Huang, Xiangzheng Deng and Jiyuan Liu 9.1 Introduction
143 9.2 Land-use data 144 9.3 Methods for estimating changes in
agricultural productivity 145 9.4 Agricultural productivity change caused
by cropland transformation 147 9.5 Summary 152 Acknowledgements 152
References 152 10 Long-Term Land-Cover Change in the Amur River Basin 155
Shigeko Haruyama, Yoshitaka Masuda and Akihiko Kondoh 10.1 Introduction 155
10.2 Outline of study area 156 10.3 The dataset 157 10.4 Method of study
158 10.5 Results and consideration 159 10.6 Summary 163 Acknowledgements
163 References 163 11 Simulating Land-use Change in China from a Global
Perspective 165 Xuefeng Cui, Mark Rounsevell, Yuan Jiang, Muyi Kang, Paul
Palmer, Wen Chen and Terence Dawson 11.1 Introduction 165 11.2 Land use in
China 166 11.3 Global perspectives 168 11.4 Model and data 170 11.5 Model
results 171 11.6 Discussion and conclusions 176 Acknowledgements 176
References 176 12 Sustainable Land Use Planning in West Asia Using
MicroLEIS Decision Support Systems 179 Farzin Shahbazi, Maria Anaya-Romero,
Ademola K. Braimoh and Diego De la Rosa 12.1 Introduction 179 12.2
Materials and methods 181 12.3 Modelling with MicroLEIS in the Ahar region
185 12.4 Conclusions 191 Acknowledgements 193 References 193 13 Impacts of
Agricultural Land Change on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Kahayan
Watershed, Central Kalimantan 195 J.S. Rahajoe, L. Alhamd, E.B. Walujo,
H.S. Limin, M.S. Suneetha, A.K. Braimoh and T. Kohyama 13.1 Introduction
195 13.2 Study locations and methods 197 13.3 Results and discussion 200
13.4 Conclusion 212 Acknowledgements 212 References 212 14 Spatio-Temporal
Evolution of Urban Structure in Shanghai 215 Wenze Yue, Peilei Fan and
Jiaguo Qi 14.1 Introduction 215 14.2 Theoretical framework, study area,
data, and methodology 216 14.3 Findings 219 14.4 Discussion 226 14.5
Conclusion 230 Acknowledgements 232 References 232 Part III Institutions 15
Governing Ecosystem Services from Upland Watersheds in Southeast Asia 237
Louis Lebel and Rajesh Daniel 15.1 Introduction 237 15.2 Plans 238 15.3
Rules 242 15.4 Incentives 246 15.5 Information 249 15.6 Discussion 250 15.7
Conclusions 252 Acknowledgements 253 References 253 16 Socio-Economic
Impacts of a Wetland Restoration Program in China's Poyang Lake Region 261
Fen Li, Lin Zhen, He Qing Huang, Yunjie Wei, Li Yang and Sandra Uthes 16.1
Introduction 261 16.2 Study area 263 16.3 Methods 264 16.4 Results 267 16.5
Discussion 272 16.6 Conclusions 274 Acknowledgements 275 References 275 17
China's Sloping Land Conversion Program: Are the Farmers Paid Enough? 277
Shubhechchha Thapa, Xing Lu and Ademola K. Braimoh 17.1 Introduction 277
17.2 The study area 278 17.3 Data sources and analysis 279 17.4 Results and
discussion 280 17.5 Conclusion 282 References 283 18 Community-Based
Peatland Management for Greenhouse Gas Reduction Based on Fire-Free Land
Preparation 285 Bambang Hero Saharjo 18.1 Introduction 285 18.2 Greenhouse
gas emissions 286 18.3 The current Indonesian forest fire situation 289
18.4 Greenhouse gas emissions reduction 290 18.5 Conclusion 295
Acknowledgements 295 References 296 19 Structuring Climate Finance for
Adaptation Measures in Vulnerable Ecosystems: Lessons from India 297 A.
Damodaran 19.1 Introduction 297 19.2 Approach 298 19.3 Methodology of field
studies 298 19.4 Co-benefits approach to adaptation financing and equity
299 19.5 Adaptation gradients 301 19.6 Adaptation possibility trends for
agro and coastal ecosystems: preliminary assessment 302 19.7 Financing
systems for adaptation to climate change 303 19.8 Evidence from the study
area 306 19.9 Lessons and implications: summing up 307 References 308 20
Scientific Uncertainty and Policy Making: How can Communications Contribute
to a Better Marriage in the Global Change Arena? 311 Gabriela Litre 20.1 A
case study: the establishment of marine reserves off the Californian coast
312 20.2 A matter of trust 313 20.3 Communicating scientific uncertainty
315 20.4 The need for a new language 316 20.5 Changing worlds 317 20.6 A
learning experience 318 Acknowledgements 319 References 319 21 Planning for
Resilience: the Quest for Learning and Adaptation 323 Fernando Teigao dos
Santos 21.1 Introductory insights 323 21.2 The global 'carousel' context
324 21.3 Looking at the resilience framework 325 21.4 Planning for
resilience 328 21.5 'Command-and-control' vs 'learning-and-adaptation' 329
21.6 The strategic SPARK example 331 21.7 Final considerations 332
Acknowledgements 333 References 333 22 Conclusion 337 He Qing Huang and
Ademola K. Braimoh 22.1 Improving understanding in areas lacking data 337
22.2 Highlighting the effects of scale 339 22.3 Validating the conceptual
framework for vulnerability assessment 339 22.4 Land system vulnerability
in other parts of the world 339 22.5 Roads ahead 340 22.6 Final remarks 341
References 341 Index 343
Editors' Introductions xiii List of Contributors xv Preface xix 1 Land
Systems Vulnerability 1 Ademola K. Braimoh and He Qing Huang 1.1
Introduction 1 1.2 Overview of the book 3 Acknowledgements 5 References 5
Part I Hazards and Vulnerability 2 Drought and Extreme Climate Stress on
Human-Environment Systems in the Gobi Desert Mongolia 11 Troy Sternberg 2.1
Introduction 11 2.2 Methods 14 2.3 Results 15 2.4 Discussion 19 2.5
Conclusion 22 Acknowledgements 22 References 22 3 Vulnerability and
Resilience of the Mongolian Pastoral Social-Ecological Systems to Multiple
Stressors 27 Dennis Ojima, Togtokh Chuluun and Myagmarsuren Altanbagana 3.1
Introduction 27 3.2 The current situation 29 3.3 Analysis of vulnerability
of critical ecosystem services 32 3.4 Coping scenarios 34 3.5 Summary and
conclusion 37 Acknowledgements 38 References 39 4 Vulnerability of Pastoral
Communities in Central Mongolia to Climate and Land-Use Changes 41 T.
Chuluun, M. Altanbagana, S. Davaanyam, B. Tserenchunt and D. Ojima 4.1
Introduction 41 4.2 Study sites and methodology 43 4.3 Research results 45
4.4 The results of a social survey related to the 'dryland development
paradigm' 46 4.5 Pastoral social-ecological scenarios 49 4.6 Policy-related
social survey 56 4.7 Discussion 59 4.8 Conclusion 60 Acknowledgements 61
References 61 5 Vulnerability Assessment Diagram: A Case Study on Drought
in Middle Inner Mongolia, China 63 Xiaoqian Liu, He Yin and Ademola K.
Braimoh 5.1 Introduction 63 5.2 An integrated diagram for vulnerability
assessment: the VSD model 64 5.3 Case study using the VSD model 66 5.4
Results and discussion 69 5.5 Conclusion 72 References 74 6 Vulnerability
of Agriculture to Climate Change in Arid Regions: a Case Study of Western
Rajasthan, India 77 R.B. Singh and Ajay Kumar 6.1 Introduction 77 6.2
Climate change scenarios: global, national and local levels 78 6.3 Study
area 80 6.4 Research methodology 80 6.5 Results and discussions 82 6.6
Conclusion 89 References 89 7 Dendrogeomorphological and Sedimentological
Analysis of Debris Flow Hazards in the Northern Zailiiskiy Alatau, Tien
Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan 91 Vanessa Winchester, David G. Passmore,
Stephan Harrison, Alaric Rae, Igor Severskiy and Nina V. Pimankina 7.1
Introduction 91 7.2 Study area 93 7.3 Methods and materials 93 7.4 Results
100 7.5 Discussion 107 7.6 Conclusions 110 Acknowledgements 111 References
111 Part II Land-use Change: Modelling and Impact Assessment 8 Regional
Scenarios and Simulated Land-Cover Changes in Montane Mainland Southeast
Asia 117 Jefferson Fox, John B. Vogler, Omer L. Sen, Alan L. Ziegler and
Thomas W. Giambelluca 8.1 Introduction 117 8.2 Methods 119 8.3 Results 129
8.4 Discussion and conclusions 135 Acknowledgements 138 References 138 9
Land-use Change and its Impacts on Agricultural Productivity in China 143
Huimin Yan, He Qing Huang, Xiangzheng Deng and Jiyuan Liu 9.1 Introduction
143 9.2 Land-use data 144 9.3 Methods for estimating changes in
agricultural productivity 145 9.4 Agricultural productivity change caused
by cropland transformation 147 9.5 Summary 152 Acknowledgements 152
References 152 10 Long-Term Land-Cover Change in the Amur River Basin 155
Shigeko Haruyama, Yoshitaka Masuda and Akihiko Kondoh 10.1 Introduction 155
10.2 Outline of study area 156 10.3 The dataset 157 10.4 Method of study
158 10.5 Results and consideration 159 10.6 Summary 163 Acknowledgements
163 References 163 11 Simulating Land-use Change in China from a Global
Perspective 165 Xuefeng Cui, Mark Rounsevell, Yuan Jiang, Muyi Kang, Paul
Palmer, Wen Chen and Terence Dawson 11.1 Introduction 165 11.2 Land use in
China 166 11.3 Global perspectives 168 11.4 Model and data 170 11.5 Model
results 171 11.6 Discussion and conclusions 176 Acknowledgements 176
References 176 12 Sustainable Land Use Planning in West Asia Using
MicroLEIS Decision Support Systems 179 Farzin Shahbazi, Maria Anaya-Romero,
Ademola K. Braimoh and Diego De la Rosa 12.1 Introduction 179 12.2
Materials and methods 181 12.3 Modelling with MicroLEIS in the Ahar region
185 12.4 Conclusions 191 Acknowledgements 193 References 193 13 Impacts of
Agricultural Land Change on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Kahayan
Watershed, Central Kalimantan 195 J.S. Rahajoe, L. Alhamd, E.B. Walujo,
H.S. Limin, M.S. Suneetha, A.K. Braimoh and T. Kohyama 13.1 Introduction
195 13.2 Study locations and methods 197 13.3 Results and discussion 200
13.4 Conclusion 212 Acknowledgements 212 References 212 14 Spatio-Temporal
Evolution of Urban Structure in Shanghai 215 Wenze Yue, Peilei Fan and
Jiaguo Qi 14.1 Introduction 215 14.2 Theoretical framework, study area,
data, and methodology 216 14.3 Findings 219 14.4 Discussion 226 14.5
Conclusion 230 Acknowledgements 232 References 232 Part III Institutions 15
Governing Ecosystem Services from Upland Watersheds in Southeast Asia 237
Louis Lebel and Rajesh Daniel 15.1 Introduction 237 15.2 Plans 238 15.3
Rules 242 15.4 Incentives 246 15.5 Information 249 15.6 Discussion 250 15.7
Conclusions 252 Acknowledgements 253 References 253 16 Socio-Economic
Impacts of a Wetland Restoration Program in China's Poyang Lake Region 261
Fen Li, Lin Zhen, He Qing Huang, Yunjie Wei, Li Yang and Sandra Uthes 16.1
Introduction 261 16.2 Study area 263 16.3 Methods 264 16.4 Results 267 16.5
Discussion 272 16.6 Conclusions 274 Acknowledgements 275 References 275 17
China's Sloping Land Conversion Program: Are the Farmers Paid Enough? 277
Shubhechchha Thapa, Xing Lu and Ademola K. Braimoh 17.1 Introduction 277
17.2 The study area 278 17.3 Data sources and analysis 279 17.4 Results and
discussion 280 17.5 Conclusion 282 References 283 18 Community-Based
Peatland Management for Greenhouse Gas Reduction Based on Fire-Free Land
Preparation 285 Bambang Hero Saharjo 18.1 Introduction 285 18.2 Greenhouse
gas emissions 286 18.3 The current Indonesian forest fire situation 289
18.4 Greenhouse gas emissions reduction 290 18.5 Conclusion 295
Acknowledgements 295 References 296 19 Structuring Climate Finance for
Adaptation Measures in Vulnerable Ecosystems: Lessons from India 297 A.
Damodaran 19.1 Introduction 297 19.2 Approach 298 19.3 Methodology of field
studies 298 19.4 Co-benefits approach to adaptation financing and equity
299 19.5 Adaptation gradients 301 19.6 Adaptation possibility trends for
agro and coastal ecosystems: preliminary assessment 302 19.7 Financing
systems for adaptation to climate change 303 19.8 Evidence from the study
area 306 19.9 Lessons and implications: summing up 307 References 308 20
Scientific Uncertainty and Policy Making: How can Communications Contribute
to a Better Marriage in the Global Change Arena? 311 Gabriela Litre 20.1 A
case study: the establishment of marine reserves off the Californian coast
312 20.2 A matter of trust 313 20.3 Communicating scientific uncertainty
315 20.4 The need for a new language 316 20.5 Changing worlds 317 20.6 A
learning experience 318 Acknowledgements 319 References 319 21 Planning for
Resilience: the Quest for Learning and Adaptation 323 Fernando Teigao dos
Santos 21.1 Introductory insights 323 21.2 The global 'carousel' context
324 21.3 Looking at the resilience framework 325 21.4 Planning for
resilience 328 21.5 'Command-and-control' vs 'learning-and-adaptation' 329
21.6 The strategic SPARK example 331 21.7 Final considerations 332
Acknowledgements 333 References 333 22 Conclusion 337 He Qing Huang and
Ademola K. Braimoh 22.1 Improving understanding in areas lacking data 337
22.2 Highlighting the effects of scale 339 22.3 Validating the conceptual
framework for vulnerability assessment 339 22.4 Land system vulnerability
in other parts of the world 339 22.5 Roads ahead 340 22.6 Final remarks 341
References 341 Index 343
Systems Vulnerability 1 Ademola K. Braimoh and He Qing Huang 1.1
Introduction 1 1.2 Overview of the book 3 Acknowledgements 5 References 5
Part I Hazards and Vulnerability 2 Drought and Extreme Climate Stress on
Human-Environment Systems in the Gobi Desert Mongolia 11 Troy Sternberg 2.1
Introduction 11 2.2 Methods 14 2.3 Results 15 2.4 Discussion 19 2.5
Conclusion 22 Acknowledgements 22 References 22 3 Vulnerability and
Resilience of the Mongolian Pastoral Social-Ecological Systems to Multiple
Stressors 27 Dennis Ojima, Togtokh Chuluun and Myagmarsuren Altanbagana 3.1
Introduction 27 3.2 The current situation 29 3.3 Analysis of vulnerability
of critical ecosystem services 32 3.4 Coping scenarios 34 3.5 Summary and
conclusion 37 Acknowledgements 38 References 39 4 Vulnerability of Pastoral
Communities in Central Mongolia to Climate and Land-Use Changes 41 T.
Chuluun, M. Altanbagana, S. Davaanyam, B. Tserenchunt and D. Ojima 4.1
Introduction 41 4.2 Study sites and methodology 43 4.3 Research results 45
4.4 The results of a social survey related to the 'dryland development
paradigm' 46 4.5 Pastoral social-ecological scenarios 49 4.6 Policy-related
social survey 56 4.7 Discussion 59 4.8 Conclusion 60 Acknowledgements 61
References 61 5 Vulnerability Assessment Diagram: A Case Study on Drought
in Middle Inner Mongolia, China 63 Xiaoqian Liu, He Yin and Ademola K.
Braimoh 5.1 Introduction 63 5.2 An integrated diagram for vulnerability
assessment: the VSD model 64 5.3 Case study using the VSD model 66 5.4
Results and discussion 69 5.5 Conclusion 72 References 74 6 Vulnerability
of Agriculture to Climate Change in Arid Regions: a Case Study of Western
Rajasthan, India 77 R.B. Singh and Ajay Kumar 6.1 Introduction 77 6.2
Climate change scenarios: global, national and local levels 78 6.3 Study
area 80 6.4 Research methodology 80 6.5 Results and discussions 82 6.6
Conclusion 89 References 89 7 Dendrogeomorphological and Sedimentological
Analysis of Debris Flow Hazards in the Northern Zailiiskiy Alatau, Tien
Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan 91 Vanessa Winchester, David G. Passmore,
Stephan Harrison, Alaric Rae, Igor Severskiy and Nina V. Pimankina 7.1
Introduction 91 7.2 Study area 93 7.3 Methods and materials 93 7.4 Results
100 7.5 Discussion 107 7.6 Conclusions 110 Acknowledgements 111 References
111 Part II Land-use Change: Modelling and Impact Assessment 8 Regional
Scenarios and Simulated Land-Cover Changes in Montane Mainland Southeast
Asia 117 Jefferson Fox, John B. Vogler, Omer L. Sen, Alan L. Ziegler and
Thomas W. Giambelluca 8.1 Introduction 117 8.2 Methods 119 8.3 Results 129
8.4 Discussion and conclusions 135 Acknowledgements 138 References 138 9
Land-use Change and its Impacts on Agricultural Productivity in China 143
Huimin Yan, He Qing Huang, Xiangzheng Deng and Jiyuan Liu 9.1 Introduction
143 9.2 Land-use data 144 9.3 Methods for estimating changes in
agricultural productivity 145 9.4 Agricultural productivity change caused
by cropland transformation 147 9.5 Summary 152 Acknowledgements 152
References 152 10 Long-Term Land-Cover Change in the Amur River Basin 155
Shigeko Haruyama, Yoshitaka Masuda and Akihiko Kondoh 10.1 Introduction 155
10.2 Outline of study area 156 10.3 The dataset 157 10.4 Method of study
158 10.5 Results and consideration 159 10.6 Summary 163 Acknowledgements
163 References 163 11 Simulating Land-use Change in China from a Global
Perspective 165 Xuefeng Cui, Mark Rounsevell, Yuan Jiang, Muyi Kang, Paul
Palmer, Wen Chen and Terence Dawson 11.1 Introduction 165 11.2 Land use in
China 166 11.3 Global perspectives 168 11.4 Model and data 170 11.5 Model
results 171 11.6 Discussion and conclusions 176 Acknowledgements 176
References 176 12 Sustainable Land Use Planning in West Asia Using
MicroLEIS Decision Support Systems 179 Farzin Shahbazi, Maria Anaya-Romero,
Ademola K. Braimoh and Diego De la Rosa 12.1 Introduction 179 12.2
Materials and methods 181 12.3 Modelling with MicroLEIS in the Ahar region
185 12.4 Conclusions 191 Acknowledgements 193 References 193 13 Impacts of
Agricultural Land Change on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Kahayan
Watershed, Central Kalimantan 195 J.S. Rahajoe, L. Alhamd, E.B. Walujo,
H.S. Limin, M.S. Suneetha, A.K. Braimoh and T. Kohyama 13.1 Introduction
195 13.2 Study locations and methods 197 13.3 Results and discussion 200
13.4 Conclusion 212 Acknowledgements 212 References 212 14 Spatio-Temporal
Evolution of Urban Structure in Shanghai 215 Wenze Yue, Peilei Fan and
Jiaguo Qi 14.1 Introduction 215 14.2 Theoretical framework, study area,
data, and methodology 216 14.3 Findings 219 14.4 Discussion 226 14.5
Conclusion 230 Acknowledgements 232 References 232 Part III Institutions 15
Governing Ecosystem Services from Upland Watersheds in Southeast Asia 237
Louis Lebel and Rajesh Daniel 15.1 Introduction 237 15.2 Plans 238 15.3
Rules 242 15.4 Incentives 246 15.5 Information 249 15.6 Discussion 250 15.7
Conclusions 252 Acknowledgements 253 References 253 16 Socio-Economic
Impacts of a Wetland Restoration Program in China's Poyang Lake Region 261
Fen Li, Lin Zhen, He Qing Huang, Yunjie Wei, Li Yang and Sandra Uthes 16.1
Introduction 261 16.2 Study area 263 16.3 Methods 264 16.4 Results 267 16.5
Discussion 272 16.6 Conclusions 274 Acknowledgements 275 References 275 17
China's Sloping Land Conversion Program: Are the Farmers Paid Enough? 277
Shubhechchha Thapa, Xing Lu and Ademola K. Braimoh 17.1 Introduction 277
17.2 The study area 278 17.3 Data sources and analysis 279 17.4 Results and
discussion 280 17.5 Conclusion 282 References 283 18 Community-Based
Peatland Management for Greenhouse Gas Reduction Based on Fire-Free Land
Preparation 285 Bambang Hero Saharjo 18.1 Introduction 285 18.2 Greenhouse
gas emissions 286 18.3 The current Indonesian forest fire situation 289
18.4 Greenhouse gas emissions reduction 290 18.5 Conclusion 295
Acknowledgements 295 References 296 19 Structuring Climate Finance for
Adaptation Measures in Vulnerable Ecosystems: Lessons from India 297 A.
Damodaran 19.1 Introduction 297 19.2 Approach 298 19.3 Methodology of field
studies 298 19.4 Co-benefits approach to adaptation financing and equity
299 19.5 Adaptation gradients 301 19.6 Adaptation possibility trends for
agro and coastal ecosystems: preliminary assessment 302 19.7 Financing
systems for adaptation to climate change 303 19.8 Evidence from the study
area 306 19.9 Lessons and implications: summing up 307 References 308 20
Scientific Uncertainty and Policy Making: How can Communications Contribute
to a Better Marriage in the Global Change Arena? 311 Gabriela Litre 20.1 A
case study: the establishment of marine reserves off the Californian coast
312 20.2 A matter of trust 313 20.3 Communicating scientific uncertainty
315 20.4 The need for a new language 316 20.5 Changing worlds 317 20.6 A
learning experience 318 Acknowledgements 319 References 319 21 Planning for
Resilience: the Quest for Learning and Adaptation 323 Fernando Teigao dos
Santos 21.1 Introductory insights 323 21.2 The global 'carousel' context
324 21.3 Looking at the resilience framework 325 21.4 Planning for
resilience 328 21.5 'Command-and-control' vs 'learning-and-adaptation' 329
21.6 The strategic SPARK example 331 21.7 Final considerations 332
Acknowledgements 333 References 333 22 Conclusion 337 He Qing Huang and
Ademola K. Braimoh 22.1 Improving understanding in areas lacking data 337
22.2 Highlighting the effects of scale 339 22.3 Validating the conceptual
framework for vulnerability assessment 339 22.4 Land system vulnerability
in other parts of the world 339 22.5 Roads ahead 340 22.6 Final remarks 341
References 341 Index 343