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Ventilator-associated lung disease (VAPD) is a public health problem and a frequent and serious complication of assisted ventilation. This study consisted of an epidemiological analysis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), with the aim of assessing its frequency, risk factors, isolated germs and excess mortality factors, in order to propose preventive measures to improve the management of intensive care patients. This retrospective study covered 115 patients hospitalized in the surgical intensive care unit at Tahar Sfar Madia Hospital. 40 patients suffered from PAVM, representing an incidence of 35%, of which 62.5% were early PAVM and 37.5% were late PAVM. The risk factors for PAVM found in our study were emergency department referral, thoracic trauma with pulmonary contusion and enteral feeding. Mortality in the PAVM group was very high, around 45%. The prognostic factors found were age > 60 years, presence of tare, APACHE II score 15, early PAVM, unsuitable first-line antibiotic therapy and presence of complications.