This volume is a milestone on our journey toward developing a more comprehensive understanding of the underpinnings of corporate financial performance. Weare concerned with both the factors that cause the financial performance of some firms to be better than others at a point in time and those factors that influence the trajectory of firm financial performance over time. In addressing these issues, we consider theoretical and empirical work on financial performance, drawn from several literatures, as well as present the results from our own empirical study. The review of the theoretical and…mehr
This volume is a milestone on our journey toward developing a more comprehensive understanding of the underpinnings of corporate financial performance. Weare concerned with both the factors that cause the financial performance of some firms to be better than others at a point in time and those factors that influence the trajectory of firm financial performance over time. In addressing these issues, we consider theoretical and empirical work on financial performance, drawn from several literatures, as well as present the results from our own empirical study. The review of the theoretical and empirical work is contemporary; the major portion of data comprising the empirical study was collected in the early 1980s as part of the Columbia Business School project on corporate strategic planning, but some data sequences extend into the mid-1980s and early 1990s. Our goals are to improve understanding of firm financial performance by developing a more integrated framework and to develop a research agenda based on what we have learned. This volume consists of four chapters, 12 appendices that provide detailed technical support and development for various portions of the discussion and an extensive set of references. It interweaves results from published literature in various fields with our original empirical work and develops an integrative approach to the study of firm fmancial performance.
I. What Determines Corporate Financial Performance?.- 1.1 The Mission of This Book: Integration.- 1.2 The Three Core Approaches.- 1.3 Why Do We Need Integration?.- 1.4 What Do We Mean by an Integrative or Holistic Explanation of Performance?.- 1.5 The Plan of the Book.- II. What We Know (or Think We Know) About The Causes of Superior Financial Performance.- II.1 What People Expect: Theoretical Perspectives on Financial Performance.- II.2 Trends of Integration among Theoretical Perspectives on Financial Performance.- II.3 What We Know Empirically about Firm Financial Performance.- II.4 Major Studies: Summary and Replication.- II.5 Summary.- III. An Epirical Examination of Financial Performance: Distilling The Essential Causal Factors.- III.1 The Performance Function: A Framework for Integration.- III.2 Measuring Financial Performance.- III.3 What Correlates with Financial Performance? Empirical Characteristics of "Good" Performing Firms.- III.4 Summary of the Causal Factors: From Variables to Scales.- III.5 Integrating with the Performance Function.- III.6 Using an Abbreviated Form of the Performance Function and Estimated Scales to Predict and Track Performance of a Firm.- III.7 Profiles of Firms Based on the Causal Factors: A Performance Exploration.- III.8 Summary.- IV. Improving Financial Performance: Summary And Research Agenda.- IV.1 What We've Done in Context of Research on Firm Performance.- IV.2 Our General Perspective Regarding Empirical Studies of Firm Performance: Good Performance Is a Complex Matter Requiring a Comprehensive Approach to Both Analysis and Measurement.- IV.3 A Research Agenda for the Study of Corporate Financial Performance.- IV.4 To the Manager.- Appendices.- I. A Short Selected Background to the Building Blocks.- AI.l Environment.-AI.2 Strategy.- AI.3 Organization Structure.- AI.4 Organizational Climate.- II. A brief description of the empirical study of 113 Major U.S. Manufacturing Firms.- AII.l Study Design.- AII.2 Data Collection.- III. An Empirical Test of in Search of Excellence.- AIII.1 Methodology.- AIII. 1.1 Strategy and Performance Measures.- AIII. 1.2 Measures of the Eight Peters and Waterman Principles.- AIII.2 Results.- AIII.2.1 Peters and Waterman Dimensions.- AIII.2.2 Strategic Dimensions.- AIII.3 Caveats.- IV. Conducting the Meta-Analysis.- AIV.l Methodology.- AIV. 1.1 Counting Methodology.- AIV. 1.2 ANCOVA Methodology.- AIV.2 The Financial Performance Literature.- AIV.2.1 Empirical Methodology in the Literature.- AIV.2.2 Levels of Analysis.- AIV.3 Results.- AIV.3.1 Counting Methodology.- AIV.3.2 ANCOVA Results.- AIV.4 Publication Bias.- V. Detailed Results of The Partial Replication of the "top 100 Plus" Studies.- VI. Survival in our Sample of Fortune 500 Firms.- VII. Developing the Scales that Summarize Environment, Strategy and Organization.- AVII.1 Categorization of Resource Inputs into Subsystems.- AVII.1.1 Classification Procedure.- AVII. 1.2 Results of the Classification Procedure.- AVII.2 Forming the Scales.- VIII. Detailed Statistical Results on how the Scales Relate to Financial Performance.- IX. Technical Characteristics of the Translog Performance Function.- AIX.l The Performance Function.- AIX.2 Specific Characteristics of the Firm.- AIX.3 Specific Functional Form.- AIX.3.1 Technical Characteristics.- AIX.3.2 Choice of Form.- X. Toward Estimating Scale Values From Publicly Available Data.- AX.1 Gathering and Assessing the Data.- AX.2 Assembling the Data.- AX.2.1 Environmental Scales.- AX.2.2 Strategy Scales.- AX.2.3 Organization Structure Scales.- AX.2.4Organizational Climate Scales.- AX.2.5 "Other Performance"Scales.- AX.3 Using the Data.- XI Developing Firm Profiles by Cluster Analysis.- XII. Authors who have Studied the Underlying Concepts Summarized in our 34 Scales.- References.- 1. General References.- 2. References for Hambrick's 1980-1985 "Top 50" Strategy Studies.- 3. References for Our 1984-1993 "Top 50 Plus" Strategy Studies.- 4. References for the Meta-Analysis of Financial Performance Literature.
I. What Determines Corporate Financial Performance?.- 1.1 The Mission of This Book: Integration.- 1.2 The Three Core Approaches.- 1.3 Why Do We Need Integration?.- 1.4 What Do We Mean by an Integrative or Holistic Explanation of Performance?.- 1.5 The Plan of the Book.- II. What We Know (or Think We Know) About The Causes of Superior Financial Performance.- II.1 What People Expect: Theoretical Perspectives on Financial Performance.- II.2 Trends of Integration among Theoretical Perspectives on Financial Performance.- II.3 What We Know Empirically about Firm Financial Performance.- II.4 Major Studies: Summary and Replication.- II.5 Summary.- III. An Epirical Examination of Financial Performance: Distilling The Essential Causal Factors.- III.1 The Performance Function: A Framework for Integration.- III.2 Measuring Financial Performance.- III.3 What Correlates with Financial Performance? Empirical Characteristics of "Good" Performing Firms.- III.4 Summary of the Causal Factors: From Variables to Scales.- III.5 Integrating with the Performance Function.- III.6 Using an Abbreviated Form of the Performance Function and Estimated Scales to Predict and Track Performance of a Firm.- III.7 Profiles of Firms Based on the Causal Factors: A Performance Exploration.- III.8 Summary.- IV. Improving Financial Performance: Summary And Research Agenda.- IV.1 What We've Done in Context of Research on Firm Performance.- IV.2 Our General Perspective Regarding Empirical Studies of Firm Performance: Good Performance Is a Complex Matter Requiring a Comprehensive Approach to Both Analysis and Measurement.- IV.3 A Research Agenda for the Study of Corporate Financial Performance.- IV.4 To the Manager.- Appendices.- I. A Short Selected Background to the Building Blocks.- AI.l Environment.-AI.2 Strategy.- AI.3 Organization Structure.- AI.4 Organizational Climate.- II. A brief description of the empirical study of 113 Major U.S. Manufacturing Firms.- AII.l Study Design.- AII.2 Data Collection.- III. An Empirical Test of in Search of Excellence.- AIII.1 Methodology.- AIII. 1.1 Strategy and Performance Measures.- AIII. 1.2 Measures of the Eight Peters and Waterman Principles.- AIII.2 Results.- AIII.2.1 Peters and Waterman Dimensions.- AIII.2.2 Strategic Dimensions.- AIII.3 Caveats.- IV. Conducting the Meta-Analysis.- AIV.l Methodology.- AIV. 1.1 Counting Methodology.- AIV. 1.2 ANCOVA Methodology.- AIV.2 The Financial Performance Literature.- AIV.2.1 Empirical Methodology in the Literature.- AIV.2.2 Levels of Analysis.- AIV.3 Results.- AIV.3.1 Counting Methodology.- AIV.3.2 ANCOVA Results.- AIV.4 Publication Bias.- V. Detailed Results of The Partial Replication of the "top 100 Plus" Studies.- VI. Survival in our Sample of Fortune 500 Firms.- VII. Developing the Scales that Summarize Environment, Strategy and Organization.- AVII.1 Categorization of Resource Inputs into Subsystems.- AVII.1.1 Classification Procedure.- AVII. 1.2 Results of the Classification Procedure.- AVII.2 Forming the Scales.- VIII. Detailed Statistical Results on how the Scales Relate to Financial Performance.- IX. Technical Characteristics of the Translog Performance Function.- AIX.l The Performance Function.- AIX.2 Specific Characteristics of the Firm.- AIX.3 Specific Functional Form.- AIX.3.1 Technical Characteristics.- AIX.3.2 Choice of Form.- X. Toward Estimating Scale Values From Publicly Available Data.- AX.1 Gathering and Assessing the Data.- AX.2 Assembling the Data.- AX.2.1 Environmental Scales.- AX.2.2 Strategy Scales.- AX.2.3 Organization Structure Scales.- AX.2.4Organizational Climate Scales.- AX.2.5 "Other Performance"Scales.- AX.3 Using the Data.- XI Developing Firm Profiles by Cluster Analysis.- XII. Authors who have Studied the Underlying Concepts Summarized in our 34 Scales.- References.- 1. General References.- 2. References for Hambrick's 1980-1985 "Top 50" Strategy Studies.- 3. References for Our 1984-1993 "Top 50 Plus" Strategy Studies.- 4. References for the Meta-Analysis of Financial Performance Literature.
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