The Tym Before ... - Gregory, Nathan
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Do you remember Tymnet? If you don't remember, are too young to remember, or fondly remember, this book is for you.This is the story of the worldwide network of online services that existed long before the Internet. Before the modern "Cloud" there was time-sharing. The earliest computers were very expensive, single-task machines devoted to running a single program at a time. Each program loaded from a stack of punch cards, and ran its course without interacting with the outside world. Running payroll, for example, meant that the system was unavailable for any other function until the payroll…mehr

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Produktbeschreibung
Do you remember Tymnet? If you don't remember, are too young to remember, or fondly remember, this book is for you.This is the story of the worldwide network of online services that existed long before the Internet. Before the modern "Cloud" there was time-sharing. The earliest computers were very expensive, single-task machines devoted to running a single program at a time. Each program loaded from a stack of punch cards, and ran its course without interacting with the outside world. Running payroll, for example, meant that the system was unavailable for any other function until the payroll was complete, the checks printed, the books balanced, and updates written to new punch cards and stored for the next run. This very expensive machine spent most of the time waiting on the peripherals, the printer, the card reader, and the card punch. We called this "Batch Processing." Multitasking was a brilliant innovation, allowing multiple programs to run simultaneously, sharing the expensive computing resources across multiple simultaneous batch jobs. Interactive time-sharing soon followed, allowing multiple users to interact with the computer in real time using electro-mechanical Teletype terminals. Then came networks. We know of ARPANET, but have forgotten the others. Several companies arose to offer "cloud-based" applications available remotely using mechanical terminals, a time-shared computer, and a network. One such company was Tymshare, and the network Tymshare created to deliver remote computer services was Tymnet. Tymnet began operations in late 1968 using a stylized cloud logo that claimed the first "Cloud" services-precursors to today's pervasive cloud infrastructure. Time-sharing thus became the first layer of virtualization, and the foundation upon which we built additional layers. Today's sophisticated container-based virtual services ride upon a time-shared foundation. Teletypes quickly gave way to electronic terminals, and speeds increased rapidly from the 110 bps of the mechanical terminals. In 1972, Tymnet began offering remote, "cloud-based" applications to companies and institutions world-wide, marking the first truly commercial network. Today's cloud, of course, is far more extensive and varies in the way it allocates virtualized resources among consumers, but the underlying principle is unchanged. We run applications on remote computers and share the physical resources with many others.
Autorenporträt
Meanwhile, there arose many commercial entities jockeying for a piece of the existing network pie. They called themselves ISPs, but the acronym was not the same as we know today. It stood for IP Services Providers, and they were looking to use Internet technologies to cannibalize the many dedicated corporate networks, as well as the pre-existing commercial public packet-switched networks with a less expensive alternative. Chief among these was UUNET, founded in 1987. They profoundly disliked ANS! They considered ANS a threat to the openness of the Internet. There was a joke at the time that said "The only thing missing from ANS is U" which appeared on a popular T-shirt at Interop Spring 1992. Debate raged about who was going to "own" the Internet when the NSF turned off the government-funded backbone. The IP Services Providers began carrying traffic by interconnecting. From this debate emerged an independent entity beyond the control of the NSF, an interconnection point called MAE-East. This collection of scrappy upstart ISPs united for the formation of MAE-East and drove the creation of the long-haul Commercial Internet backbone with MFS Datanet. From there, the Commercial Internet developed and grew, and became the Internet we know today. The book "Securing the Network" tells the story of how this happened and the roles of people who made it happen. Learn the forgotten side of Internet history. Buy "Securing the Network" today!