Demoule

The Indo Europeans

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The book explores a famous, unresolved, historical problem: How is it that all the languages of Europe and parts of Asia belong to a single family of Indo-European languages? The Indo-Europeans: Archaeology, Language, Race, and the Search for the Origins of the West by Jean-Paul Demoule offers a survey of the historiography of the Indo-European debate across several centuries and disciplines and poses a devastating challenge to the Indo-European origin story at its roots.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Oxford University Press, USA
• Erscheinungstermin: 12. Mai 2023
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780197506479
• ISBN-10: 019750647X
• Artikelnr.: 67735338

Autorenporträt

Jean-Paul Demoule is Emeritus Professor of Archaeology at the Université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, an honorary member of the Institut Universitaire de France, and a former president of the Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap; National Institute for Preventive Archeological Research).

Inhaltsangabe

* Preface
* The official Indo-European hypothesis: the 12 canonical theses
* OVERTURE
* From the Renaissance to the French Revolution
* 1. The search for a long-anticipated discovery
* The Indo-European golden legend
* Uncertain inventors
* The search for an anticipated discovery
* A recurring discovery
* Why was Leibniz unable to publish in German?
* Schizophrenic Europeans
* The slow secularization of the world
* India, an alternative myth
* FIRST MOVEMENT (FROM 1814 TO 1903)
* All is resolved!
* 2. The invention of comparative grammar
* The search for origins
* On the superiority of (Indo-) European languages
* Comparative grammar, a German science?
* Colonialism as an understanding of history
* August Schleicher and the botany of languages
* The young Turks of comparative grammar
* Other possible models so soon?
* 3. From India to Germania, the return of the wheeled cradle
* The Indian cradle
* An ephemeral Earthly Paradise
* The return of the homeland
* Those who refused to repatriate the homeland
* From texts to objects
* Imaginary communities
* The rise of archeological excavations
* More primitive
* Bathing, kissing and chastity
* Linguistics of absence
* The return to Germania
* Pan-Germanism and anti-Semitism
* Occultist beliefs
* The ambiguities of official linguistics
* 4. The invention of "scientific racism"
* God and the polygenists
* The art of measuring skulls
* From divine right to nation
* The terrors of the "Count" de Gobineau
* A science of man?
* Who are the French?
* On the origins of the Aryans
* Are the Prussians German?
* The three positions of French anthropologists on the Indo-European
question
* Moderation among German anthropologists
* Does "race" exist?
* The Count and the Aryan
* Sex, fantasies and racisms
* The first symptoms of political racism
* The mismeasure of man
* SECOND MOVEMENT (FROM 1903 TO 1945)
* Crimes and errors
* 5. From comparative grammar to linguistics: a language of leaders?
* The ambiguities of Ferdinand de Saussure
* Antoine Meillet, chief and master
* A language of chiefs
* Do you speak a "language of civilization"?
* An instinct for conquest and a love of wide open spaces
* Linguistic sentiment?
* Meillet versus Schuchardt
* The triumph of structural linguistics
* And what if there never had been an Original People?
* 6. From Aryan Pan-Germanism to Nazism
* The methods of archeology
* Kossinna's law
* The Kossinnian Indo-German narrative
* "A pre-eminently German discipline"
* Erasing the memory of Kossinna
* Nazism, one of the possible horizons for the Aryans
* The Atlantis of the Far North
* Sects and secret societies
* Hitler himself was not a believer
* The rallying of archeologists
* SS against SA, and the pillaging of conquered lands
* International cowardice and complicity
* 7. A circling cradle
* "Culture circles" of the European Neolithic
* Uncertain European chronologies
* Childish, not Childeish!
* Regarding the superiority of declensions
* Skulls and words
* The dominance of the Nordic theory
* Eminently respectable universities
* Weaknesses in the Nordic hypothesis
* A die-hard Asiatic cradle
* Excavations in central Asia
* A return to (Eastern) Europe
* The Pontic steppes endure
* Marxism and archeology
* Marr, Stalin and linguistics
* 8. Excesses and crimes of racial theories
* Ordinary racism and institutional racism
* The anthropological dead-end
* Genetics to the rescue
* Eugenics and scientific charlatanism
* The dreams of German geneticists
* From skulls to crimes
* And what of France?
* Those who collaborated
* THIRD MOVEMENT (FROM 1945 TO THE 3RD MILLENNIUM)
* All is re-resolved!
* 9. The Return of the Aryan, pagan, extreme right (from 1945 to the
present)
* A truly "New" Right?
* The "magician" prodromes
* A view from the (extreme) right
* From Gobineau to Konrad Lorenz
* A re-armed extreme right
* The limits of "entryism"
* Contemporary "Aryan" ideology
* A racial "Que sais-je"?
* The "racist" International
* Close collaborations
* 10. From racial anthropology to biological anthropology
* The twilight of the "races"
* Medals and survivals
* From skulls to red blood cells
* A truly new synthesis?
* We have rediscovered the Indo-Europeans!
* Racism by means of psychology and IQ
* 11. What archaeology tells us today
* The first Europeans
* The Neolithic revolution
* Sedentary hunter-gatherers
* The rise of chiefdoms
* What happened on the steppes?
* From the Copper Age to the Bronze Age
* New power networks
* From proto-history to history
* The search for the Indo-Europeans
* 12. Archeology: What if the Indo-Europeans had always been there?
* A nebulous autochthony
* Paleolithic continuity?
* 13. Did the Indo-Europeans really come from Turkey?
* Ex oriente lux
* A new hypothesis?
* The language of the original Homeland
* From Indo-European to Indo-Hittite?
* Part of the family tree of all the world's languages?
* Concerning the difficulties of classification
* The linguistic impacts of agriculture?
* The return of Trubetzkoy
* A non-verifiable model
* How can we rid ourselves of the initial brief
* An incomplete critical approach
* 14. Did the Indo-Europeans really come from the Black Sea Steppes?
* A (very) old hypothesis
* From Vilnius to Los Angeles
* Initial cautiousness
* The return of the steppes
* Feminism and invaders
* A new demonstration?
* A unified and coherent theory?
* The horse, of course and the chariot, naturally!
* Warrior invasions or a vicious circle?
* And what of genetics?
* 15. From prehistory to history: the rediscovered routes taken by the
Indo-Europeans?
* How do we prove a migration?
* The coming of the Greeks
* An early Bronze Age arrival
* Tiles, gray ware and princely tombs
* The arrival of the "Aryans" in India?
* The world of the steppes and national issues
* Invisible migrations and Kulturkugel
* The mysteries of the Tocharians
* Our ancestors, the Celts
* Romans and Italics
* Hittites and Anatolians
* Their ancestors, the Germani
* Slavs or Germani?
* 16. Georges Dumézil, a French hero
* A sense of the epic
* The three functions
* The original texts
* The "Dumézil affair"
* Occupation and occultism
* One College, two Academies and a New Right
* Trifunctionality and Indo-Europeanness
* By excess and by default
* Heritages and heredities
* The unavoidable detour into archeology
* Other mythologists?
* Dumézil and the myths
* 17. Linguistic reconstructions and models in the 21st century
* Discovering original sounds?
* What exactly are we reconstructing?
* Of roots and words
* Thinking in trees
* The tree of all the world's languages
* An apple, a hat and a car
* Measuring the speed of language evolution
* From the tree to the network
* 18. Words and things of the Indo-Europeans
* The dead-ends of linguistic paleontology
* Demonstration by absence
* From words to meaning
* Regarding Indo-Europeanness
* A primordial poetry?
* From words to things, and creating the "impression of reality"
* Indo-European, or universal?
* How to always be right
* FINALE AND 2ND OVERTURE
* 19. Models, counter-models, ideologies and errors of logic: are there
any alternatives?
* How languages change
* Invisible conquerors and secular empires
* Cultures and ethnic groups
* Archeological culture as Nation State?
* Lessons from the barbarians
* Languages and material cultures
* Languages without frontiers
* The inadequacy of trees
* "No language is totally pure"
* Mixes and interferences
* Substrates, adstrates and superstrates
* Pidgins and creoles
* Sprachbund and the Balkan laboratory
* "Areal" linguistics
* The tools of sociolinguistics
* Epilogue
* An alternative vision: the 12 Indo-European antitheses
* Appendices
* 1. Simplified chronological table of the main archaeological cultures
and civilizations in Eurasia (from - 300 000 BC to the present).
* 2. Dates of emergence of the major Indo-European languages.
* 3. August Schleicher's tree of the Indo-European languages.
* 4. The development of the Indo-European languages according to
Gamkrelidze and Ivanov (1985).
* 5. A map of some of the solutions of the Indo-European homeland
problem proposed since 1960.
* 6. Map of the main archaeological cultures defined in the 1930s.
* 7. The Indo-European migrations, after Gustav Kossinna.
* 8. The early historical distribution of the main Indo-European
speaking peoples.
* 9. The neolithization of Europe.
* 10. The spread of Indo-European languages, after Colin Renfrew.
* 11. Spread of Indo-European people, after Marija Gimbutas' theories.
* 12. Map of the Chalcolithic cultures in the 5th millennium BC.
* 13. Map of the Chalcolithic cultures in the 4th millennium BC.
* 14. Map of the Chalcolithic cultures in the 3rd millennium BC.
* 15. Map of the Chalcolithic cultures in the 2nd millennium BC.
* 16. Comparative trees of human genes and language families.
* 17. The Indian linguistic area, after Colin Masica
* 18. Relationships between the Indo-European languages, after Paul
Heggarty
* 19. Relationships between the Indo-European languages, after Alfred
Kroeber
* Bibliography
* Index