In this monumental new work, Frank Griffel argues that what he calls the "post-classical" period of Islamic philosophy has been unjustly maligned and neglected by previous generations of scholars. The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam is a comprehensive study of the far-reaching changes that led to a re-shaping of the philosophical discourse in Islam during the twelfth century, when Muslim thinkers began to produce books in a new genre of philosophical literature they called " ¿ikma."
In this monumental new work, Frank Griffel argues that what he calls the "post-classical" period of Islamic philosophy has been unjustly maligned and neglected by previous generations of scholars. The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam is a comprehensive study of the far-reaching changes that led to a re-shaping of the philosophical discourse in Islam during the twelfth century, when Muslim thinkers began to produce books in a new genre of philosophical literature they called " ¿ikma."
Frank Griffel is Professor of Islamic Studies at the Department of Religious Studies at Yale University. He is a Carnegie Scholar and a recipient of a Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award of Germany's Humboldt Foundation, among others. He is author of Al-Ghaz¿l¿'s Philosophical Theology.
Inhaltsangabe
* Introduction * Part One: Post-Classical Philosophy In Its Islamic Context * First Chapter: Khorasan, the Birthplace of Post-Classical Philosophy: A Country in Decline? * The madrasa System * The Cities of Khorasan and Its Surrounding Provinces * The First Half of the Sixth/Twelfth Century: Seljuq Rule * The Second Half of the Sixth/Twelfth Century: Khwrazmshahs and Ghurids * Other Patrons: Qarakhanids, the Caliphal Court in Baghdad, and the Ayyubids in Syria * Second Chapter: The Death of as a Self-Description of Philosophy * Falsafa as a Quasi-Religious Movement Established by Uncritical Emulation (taqlid) * Falsafa As Part of the History of the World's Religions * Three Different Concepts of Philosophy in Islam * Hikma as the New Technical Term For * Third Chapter: Philosophy and the Power of the Religious Law * The Legal Background of al-Ghazali fatwa on the Last Page of His Tahfut al-falsifa * Persecution of Philosophers in the Sixth/Twelfth century * 'Ayn al-Qudat's Execution 525/1131 in Hamadan * Shihbab al-Din Yahya al-Suhrawardi's Execution 587/1191 in Aleppo * Was al-Ghazali's fatwa? Ever Applied? * Part Two: Philosophers and Philosophies - A Biographical History of Philosophy in the Sixth/Twelfth Century Islamic East * The Principal Sources for Sixth/Twelfth Century History of Philosophy in the Islamic East * The Early Sixth/Twelfth Century: Avicennism Undisturbed * Avicennism Contested: The Early Decades of the Sixth/Twelfth Century * The Outsider as Innovator: Abu l-Barakat al-Baghdadi (d. c. 560/1165) * Two Ghazalians of Transoxania: al-Mas' udi and Ibn Ghaylan al-Balkhi (d. c. 585/1190) * Majd al-Din al-Jili - Teacher of Two Influential Philosophers Trained In Maragha * Al-Suhrawardi (d. c. 587/1192), the Founder of the "School of Illumination" * Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 606/1210) - Post-Classical Philosophy Fully Developed * Part Three: The Formation of ?ikma As a New Philosophical Genre * First Chapter: Books and Their Teachings * * Al-Razi's "Philosophical Books" (kutub hikmiyya) * What Books of hikma Do: Reporting Avicenna * First Perspective: Teachings on Epistemology * What Books in hikma Also Do: Doubting and Critizising Avicenna * Knowledge as Relation: The Starting Point in al-Ghazali * Knowledge as Relation: Abu l-Barakat al-Baghdadi's Key Contribution * Knowledge as Relation: Developments in the Second Half * of the Sixth/Twelfth Century * Second Perspective: Teachings on Ontology and Theology * A New Place for the Study of Metaphysics Within Philosophy * Opposing Avicenna: God's Essence is Distinct From His Existence * What Books of ?ikma Mostly Do: Endorsing and Correcting * Avicennan Philosophy * Second Chapter: Books and Their Genre * The Eclectic Career of al-Ghazali's Doctrines of the Philosophers * (Maqasid al-falasifa) * Al-Ghazali as Clandestine faylasuf- Evaluating His Madnun Corpus * The Madnun-Corpus and Forgery-Two Pseudo-Epigraphies Attached to al-Ghazali * Between Neutral Report and Committed Investment: al-Mas 'udi's Commentary * on Avicenna's Glistering Homily (al-Khutba al-gharra) * Post-classical Philosophy and Tolerance For Ambiguity * Third Chapter: Books and Their Method * Dialectical Reasoning Replaces Demonstration: "Careful Consideration" (i'tibar) * in Abu l-Barakat al-Baghdadi * The Middle Way Between Avicennism and Ghazalism: How * Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Describes His Philosophy * Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's Method of "Probing and Dividing" (sabr wa-taqsim) * A Case Study of the New Method: Al-Razi on God's Knowledge of Particulars * The Method in Books of hikma: Implementing the Principle of Sufficient Reason * The Method in Books of kalam: Limiting the Principle of Sufficient Reason * Conclusions * Bibliography * Appendices
* Introduction * Part One: Post-Classical Philosophy In Its Islamic Context * First Chapter: Khorasan, the Birthplace of Post-Classical Philosophy: A Country in Decline? * The madrasa System * The Cities of Khorasan and Its Surrounding Provinces * The First Half of the Sixth/Twelfth Century: Seljuq Rule * The Second Half of the Sixth/Twelfth Century: Khwrazmshahs and Ghurids * Other Patrons: Qarakhanids, the Caliphal Court in Baghdad, and the Ayyubids in Syria * Second Chapter: The Death of as a Self-Description of Philosophy * Falsafa as a Quasi-Religious Movement Established by Uncritical Emulation (taqlid) * Falsafa As Part of the History of the World's Religions * Three Different Concepts of Philosophy in Islam * Hikma as the New Technical Term For * Third Chapter: Philosophy and the Power of the Religious Law * The Legal Background of al-Ghazali fatwa on the Last Page of His Tahfut al-falsifa * Persecution of Philosophers in the Sixth/Twelfth century * 'Ayn al-Qudat's Execution 525/1131 in Hamadan * Shihbab al-Din Yahya al-Suhrawardi's Execution 587/1191 in Aleppo * Was al-Ghazali's fatwa? Ever Applied? * Part Two: Philosophers and Philosophies - A Biographical History of Philosophy in the Sixth/Twelfth Century Islamic East * The Principal Sources for Sixth/Twelfth Century History of Philosophy in the Islamic East * The Early Sixth/Twelfth Century: Avicennism Undisturbed * Avicennism Contested: The Early Decades of the Sixth/Twelfth Century * The Outsider as Innovator: Abu l-Barakat al-Baghdadi (d. c. 560/1165) * Two Ghazalians of Transoxania: al-Mas' udi and Ibn Ghaylan al-Balkhi (d. c. 585/1190) * Majd al-Din al-Jili - Teacher of Two Influential Philosophers Trained In Maragha * Al-Suhrawardi (d. c. 587/1192), the Founder of the "School of Illumination" * Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 606/1210) - Post-Classical Philosophy Fully Developed * Part Three: The Formation of ?ikma As a New Philosophical Genre * First Chapter: Books and Their Teachings * * Al-Razi's "Philosophical Books" (kutub hikmiyya) * What Books of hikma Do: Reporting Avicenna * First Perspective: Teachings on Epistemology * What Books in hikma Also Do: Doubting and Critizising Avicenna * Knowledge as Relation: The Starting Point in al-Ghazali * Knowledge as Relation: Abu l-Barakat al-Baghdadi's Key Contribution * Knowledge as Relation: Developments in the Second Half * of the Sixth/Twelfth Century * Second Perspective: Teachings on Ontology and Theology * A New Place for the Study of Metaphysics Within Philosophy * Opposing Avicenna: God's Essence is Distinct From His Existence * What Books of ?ikma Mostly Do: Endorsing and Correcting * Avicennan Philosophy * Second Chapter: Books and Their Genre * The Eclectic Career of al-Ghazali's Doctrines of the Philosophers * (Maqasid al-falasifa) * Al-Ghazali as Clandestine faylasuf- Evaluating His Madnun Corpus * The Madnun-Corpus and Forgery-Two Pseudo-Epigraphies Attached to al-Ghazali * Between Neutral Report and Committed Investment: al-Mas 'udi's Commentary * on Avicenna's Glistering Homily (al-Khutba al-gharra) * Post-classical Philosophy and Tolerance For Ambiguity * Third Chapter: Books and Their Method * Dialectical Reasoning Replaces Demonstration: "Careful Consideration" (i'tibar) * in Abu l-Barakat al-Baghdadi * The Middle Way Between Avicennism and Ghazalism: How * Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Describes His Philosophy * Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's Method of "Probing and Dividing" (sabr wa-taqsim) * A Case Study of the New Method: Al-Razi on God's Knowledge of Particulars * The Method in Books of hikma: Implementing the Principle of Sufficient Reason * The Method in Books of kalam: Limiting the Principle of Sufficient Reason * Conclusions * Bibliography * Appendices
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