Jon Stewart

The Emergence of Subjectivity in the Ancient and Medieval World

An Interpretation of Western Civilization

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This volume presents a philosophical analysis of the development of Western civilization from antiquity to the Middle Ages by tracing the various self-conceptions of different cultures as they developed historically, reflecting different views of what it is to be human and the rise of the concept of subjectivity.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Oxford University Press, USA
• Seitenzahl: 416
• Erscheinungstermin: 24. Mai 2020
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 236mm x 157mm x 30mm
• Gewicht: 726g
• ISBN-13: 9780198854357
• ISBN-10: 0198854358
• Artikelnr.: 58341611

Autorenporträt

Jon Stewart is Research Fellow in the Institute of Philosophy at the Slovak Academy of Sciences. He is the founder and general editor of the series Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources, Texts from Golden Age Denmark, and Danish Golden Age Studies, as well as the co-editor of the Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook and Kierkegaard Studies Monograph Series. He is the author of Hegel's Interpretation of the Religions of the World: The Logic of the Gods (OUP, 2018), Søren Kierkegaard: Subjectivity, Irony, and the Crisis of Modernity (OUP, 2015), and Kierkegaard's Relations to Hegel Reconsidered (CUP, 2003).

Inhaltsangabe

* 0: Introduction: The Humanities Questions of Identity and Difference
* I. Defining the Humanities
* I.A. Content: The Subject Matter of the Humanities
* I.B. Form: The Methodology of the Humanities
* II. The Human Mind and Its Objectification
* III. The Contribution of the Present Study
* III.A. A Philosophical Approach to Western Civilization
* III.B. The Notion of Subjectivity
* 1: The Epic of Gilgamesh
* I. The Initial Description of Gilgamesh and Uruk
* II. Enkidu and the Story of the Fall
* III. The Battle with Humbaba
* IV. The Death of Enkidu and the Nature of the Gods
* V. Gilgamesh's Journey
* VI. The Flood
* VII. Immortality Lost
* VIII. The Mesopotamians' Pessimistic World-View
* IX. Nature, Civilization, and Human Agency
* 2: The Hebrew Bible: Genesis and the Book of Job
* I. The Creation: The Conception of God
* II. The Creation: The Conception of Human Beings
* III. The Fall
* IV. The Flood
* V. The Tower of Babel
* VI. The Problem of Justice in Job
* VII. The Pessimistic World-View in Job
* VIII. The Legal Metaphor in Job
* IX. The Incongruities in the Work
* X. The Protest against the Gods
* XI. The Limited Conception of Individuality
* 3: Homer's Odyssey
* I. The Story and Structure of the Odyssey
* II. Odysseus and Kalypso
* III. The Lotus-Eaters
* IV. The Cyclops
* V. Circe
* VI. The Underworld
* VII. The Sirens
* VIII. The Warrior Ethic
* IX. The Greek View of Human Nature
* 4: Herodotus' Histories
* I. Scholarly History versus Mythology
* II. The Story of Gyges
* III. Solon and Croesus
* IV. The Relativity of Values
* V. The Story of Polycrates and Nemesis
* VI. The Debate about the Best Form of Government
* VII. Xerxes' Plans to Invade Greece
* VIII. Xerxes at the Hellespont
* IX. Justice as a Matter of Balance
* 5: Sophocles' Oedipus the King
* I. The Search for Knowledge
* II. Self-Knowledge and the Riddle of the Sphinx
* III. Natural Law versus Relativism
* IV. Human Agency and Culpability
* V. The Inevitability of Fate
* VI. Greek Ethics
* VII. Judging the Human Condition
* VIII. The Unquestioned Value of Science and Knowledge
* IX. Fate and the Good Life
* 6: Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War
* I. Thucydides' Goal and Method
* II. Pericles' Funeral Oration
* III. The Plague in Athens
* IV. The Political Repercussions for Pericles
* V. The Revolt in Corcyra
* VI. The Melian Dialogue
* VII. Human Nature and Ethics
* 7: Plato's Gorgias and Apology
* I. The Gorgias: Callicles' Argument
* II. Socrates' Refutation of the Arguments of Callicles
* III. A Mythological View of Judgment and Life after Death
* IV. Socrates' Divine Mission
* V. Socrates, the Gods, and the Daimon
* VI. Socrates' Defense of Philosophy
* VII. Socrates as the Gadfly of Athens
* VIII. Socrates on the Nature of Death and a New Conception of the
Self
* IX. The New Role of Subjectivity
* 8: Aristotle's Politics
* I. Introduction to the Politics
* II. The Nature of Human Beings and the State
* III. The Institution of Slavery
* IV. The Other Relations of the Household
* V. Political Science and the Forms of Government
* VI. Democracy and Oligarchy
* VII. The Best Form of Government
* VIII. The Limitations of Empiricism
* IX. Aristotle's Refutation of the Split between Nature and Law
* 9: Virgil's Aeneid
* I. The Fall of Troy
* II. Dido
* III. The Struggle of Duty and Inclination
* IV. Tartarus and the Question of Divine Justice
* V. Elysium
* VI. Anchises' Anticipation of Roman History
* VII. The Shield of Aeneas
* VIII. The Discovery of Inwardness
* 10: Seneca's Moral Letters
* I. Introduction to Seneca's Moral Letters
* II. Living According to Nature
* III. The Retreat to the Inward Sphere
* IV. The Cultivation of the Inward Virtues
* V. Stoic Indifference and Self-Sufficiency
* VI. The Stoic Conception of God and Human Beings
* VII. Seneca's Conception of Equality
* VIII. Providence and Divine Justice
* IX. Seneca's Modern Relevance
* 11: The New Testament: Matthew
* I. Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew
* II. Criticism of the Greco-Roman Warrior Ethic
* III. The Inversion of Values
* IV. The Development of Inwardness
* V. Christianity and Judaism
* VI. Jesus' Miracles: The Relation to Nature
* VII. The Notion of Offense
* VIII. The Messiah and the Kingdom of Heaven
* IX. Nietzsche's Criticism of Christian Ethics
* 12: Augustine's City of God
* I. Augustine and Virgil
* II. The Fall of Rome and the Gods
* III. Augustine's Philosophy of History
* IV. A New Conception of Ethics and the Expansion of Sinfulness
* V. A New Conception of the Origin of Evil
* VI. Augustine's Theodicy
* VII. The Prohibition of Suicide
* VIII. Augustine's Critical Evaluation of Roman Decadence
* IX. The Struggle for Meaning
* 13: Dante's Inferno
* I. Dante's Hell and the Underworlds of Homer and Virgil
* II. The Beginning of the Work
* III. Divine Justice
* IV. Divine Punishment
* V. The Changed Role of Pity
* VI. The Virtuous Pagans
* VII. The Changed Role of the Body
* VIII. A New Role for Odysseus
* IX. Understanding the Role of Humans in the Universe
* 14: The Dialectic of the Ancient and Modern Principles: Homer and the
Internet
* I. Content and Form in the Notion of Subjectivity
* II. Alienation
* III. The Modern Struggle to Establish Self-Identity
* IV. Narcissism and Overcoming the Limitations of Time and Space
* V. The Creation of Illusory Identities and the Erosion of the Other
* VI. The Rise of Relativism and the Disappearance of Truth
* VII. The Perceived Threat and the Creation of the Opposite Principle
* VIII. The Need for a Balance
* Endmatter
* Bibliography for Further Reading
* Index