Reviewing the topic from antiquity to the present day, this book examines the debate over the use of animals in research in a fair and balanced way. The debate over the use of nonhuman animals in experimental research has gone on for centuries, and it continues as vigorously today as it ever has. In fact, in the last decade, the controversy has intensified, making animal testing a topic at the highest level of debate of any socioscientific issue in the United States. This book presents all sides of the issue so that readers can come to their own conclusions as to the morality and validity of…mehr
Reviewing the topic from antiquity to the present day, this book examines the debate over the use of animals in research in a fair and balanced way. The debate over the use of nonhuman animals in experimental research has gone on for centuries, and it continues as vigorously today as it ever has. In fact, in the last decade, the controversy has intensified, making animal testing a topic at the highest level of debate of any socioscientific issue in the United States. This book presents all sides of the issue so that readers can come to their own conclusions as to the morality and validity of animal experimentation, and provides biographies of individuals and descriptions of organizations that have been involved in the debate over the centuries. Additionally, it documents the historical shift in thinking that made animal experimentation commonplace between the time of the ancient Greeks and the 19th century, to the mindset of some who argue for an end to the practice and alternative ways of conducting medical experimentation to benefit human health.
David E. Newton is the author of more than 400 textbooks, encyclopedias, workbooks, and other educational materials, primarily in the field of science and math.
Inhaltsangabe
List of Tables Preface 1 Background and History Vivisection in Ancient History Dissection and Vivisection of Humans in Ancient Greece Dissection and Vivisection of Animals The (Temporary) End of Vivisection Dissection in Non-Western Cultures The Renewal of Dissection Vivisection and the Rise of Modern Biology The Birth of the Antivivisectionist Movement Early Antivivisectionist Legislation Rise of Antivivisectionist Organizations 2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions The Tide Turns: The Brown Dog Affair and the Decline of Antivivisectionism The Antivivisection Movement in the United States Hits Bottom Resurgence of the Antivivisection Movement Animal Welfare Legislation Issues of Violence and Morality Animal Liberation A Moral Code for Animals The Impact of Animal Liberation Industries Respond Researchers Fight Back The International Scene Animal-Testing Statistics Alternatives to Animal Testing Progress in AATs The Ongoing Debate over Animal Experimentation Arguments in Opposition to Animal Experimentation Arguments in Favor of Animal Experimentation 3 Perspectives The Moral Dilemma of Animal Research (Dario Ringach) What Has Animal Research Ever Done for Us? (Tom Holder) The Importance of Biomedical Research (Matt Schaff) Companion Animal and Human Patients Work Together (Carol Frischmann) The Use of Animals in Behavioral Research (Janette Fischer) Objections to the Use of Animals in Research (Doris Lin) Why Do Animal Rights Activists Object to Using Animals in Experiments? What Are the Animal Welfare Concerns about Animals in Research? The Animal Welfare Act Can We Make Medical Advances without Animal Research? Tolerance (Michael Budkie) Animals and Research: 150 Years of Medical Advance (Bella Williams) Reasoning with Myself (Vilay Khandelwal) 4 Profiles Introduction American Anti-Vivisection Society Americans for Medical Progress Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care Francis Balkwill (1952- ) Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) Henry Bergh (1813-1888) British Union to Abolish Vivisection Francis Power Cobbe (1822-1904) In Defense of Animals The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing Martin, Richard (1754-1834) National Anti-Vivisection Society (U.S.) National Association for Biomedical Research New England Anti-Vivisection Society Ingrid Newkirk (1949- ) Sir William Paton (1917-1993) Tom Regan (1938- ) Bernard Rollin (1943- ) W.?M. S. Russell (1925-2005) and Rex L. Burch (1926-1996) Peter Singer (1946- ) Ernest Starling (1866-1927) Understanding Animal Research 5 Data and Documents Data Table 5.1: Animals Used in Research in the United States, 2010 Table 5.2: Scientific Procedures by Species of Animal and Primary Purpose of the Procedure Table 5.3: Research Animal Cases Examined by APHIS, 2007-2009 Table 5.4: Number of Animals Used in Research, Historic Trends, 1973-2004 Documents On Medicine (about 50 CE; 1756) Thomas Aquinas on the Role of Animals (1265-1274) A Father's Instructions (1789) An Act to Amend the Law Relating to Cruelty to Animals (1876) Statement Opposed to Animal Experimentation (1895) Statement in Favor of Animal Experimentation (1914) A Compromise on Vivisection (1914) Cruelty to Animals Act (India) (1960) Animal Welfare Act of 1966 Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States Relating to Cosmetic Products (76/768/EEC) (1976) Primate Protection League v. Tulane Educ. Fund (500 U.S. 72 [1991]) NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Public Law 103-43; 107 Stat. 122) Use of Animals in Testing; State of California (2000) Farm Security Act (2002) New Jersey Exemption from Dissection Law (2006) United States of America v. Darius Fullmer (et al.) (2009) S. 810: Great Ape Protection and Cost Savings Act of 2011 6 Resources Books Articles Reports Internet Sources 7 Chronology Glossary Index About the Author
List of Tables Preface 1 Background and History Vivisection in Ancient History Dissection and Vivisection of Humans in Ancient Greece Dissection and Vivisection of Animals The (Temporary) End of Vivisection Dissection in Non-Western Cultures The Renewal of Dissection Vivisection and the Rise of Modern Biology The Birth of the Antivivisectionist Movement Early Antivivisectionist Legislation Rise of Antivivisectionist Organizations 2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions The Tide Turns: The Brown Dog Affair and the Decline of Antivivisectionism The Antivivisection Movement in the United States Hits Bottom Resurgence of the Antivivisection Movement Animal Welfare Legislation Issues of Violence and Morality Animal Liberation A Moral Code for Animals The Impact of Animal Liberation Industries Respond Researchers Fight Back The International Scene Animal-Testing Statistics Alternatives to Animal Testing Progress in AATs The Ongoing Debate over Animal Experimentation Arguments in Opposition to Animal Experimentation Arguments in Favor of Animal Experimentation 3 Perspectives The Moral Dilemma of Animal Research (Dario Ringach) What Has Animal Research Ever Done for Us? (Tom Holder) The Importance of Biomedical Research (Matt Schaff) Companion Animal and Human Patients Work Together (Carol Frischmann) The Use of Animals in Behavioral Research (Janette Fischer) Objections to the Use of Animals in Research (Doris Lin) Why Do Animal Rights Activists Object to Using Animals in Experiments? What Are the Animal Welfare Concerns about Animals in Research? The Animal Welfare Act Can We Make Medical Advances without Animal Research? Tolerance (Michael Budkie) Animals and Research: 150 Years of Medical Advance (Bella Williams) Reasoning with Myself (Vilay Khandelwal) 4 Profiles Introduction American Anti-Vivisection Society Americans for Medical Progress Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care Francis Balkwill (1952- ) Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) Henry Bergh (1813-1888) British Union to Abolish Vivisection Francis Power Cobbe (1822-1904) In Defense of Animals The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing Martin, Richard (1754-1834) National Anti-Vivisection Society (U.S.) National Association for Biomedical Research New England Anti-Vivisection Society Ingrid Newkirk (1949- ) Sir William Paton (1917-1993) Tom Regan (1938- ) Bernard Rollin (1943- ) W.?M. S. Russell (1925-2005) and Rex L. Burch (1926-1996) Peter Singer (1946- ) Ernest Starling (1866-1927) Understanding Animal Research 5 Data and Documents Data Table 5.1: Animals Used in Research in the United States, 2010 Table 5.2: Scientific Procedures by Species of Animal and Primary Purpose of the Procedure Table 5.3: Research Animal Cases Examined by APHIS, 2007-2009 Table 5.4: Number of Animals Used in Research, Historic Trends, 1973-2004 Documents On Medicine (about 50 CE; 1756) Thomas Aquinas on the Role of Animals (1265-1274) A Father's Instructions (1789) An Act to Amend the Law Relating to Cruelty to Animals (1876) Statement Opposed to Animal Experimentation (1895) Statement in Favor of Animal Experimentation (1914) A Compromise on Vivisection (1914) Cruelty to Animals Act (India) (1960) Animal Welfare Act of 1966 Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States Relating to Cosmetic Products (76/768/EEC) (1976) Primate Protection League v. Tulane Educ. Fund (500 U.S. 72 [1991]) NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Public Law 103-43; 107 Stat. 122) Use of Animals in Testing; State of California (2000) Farm Security Act (2002) New Jersey Exemption from Dissection Law (2006) United States of America v. Darius Fullmer (et al.) (2009) S. 810: Great Ape Protection and Cost Savings Act of 2011 6 Resources Books Articles Reports Internet Sources 7 Chronology Glossary Index About the Author
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