It is remarkable that each month the quantity ofarticles published on AIDS still that address numbers in the thousands. The basic, clinical and sociological aspects this epidemic have been vigorously investigated, and equally as extensively reported in traditional as well as new journals. Therefore, what can the reader ofthis volume expect to find that is different from the information already found in the literature? The authors of this text met in October 1993 to discuss not only AIDS and its effects on the nervous system but also to address the problem from the point of view of the diverse…mehr
It is remarkable that each month the quantity ofarticles published on AIDS still that address numbers in the thousands. The basic, clinical and sociological aspects this epidemic have been vigorously investigated, and equally as extensively reported in traditional as well as new journals. Therefore, what can the reader ofthis volume expect to find that is different from the information already found in the literature? The authors of this text met in October 1993 to discuss not only AIDS and its effects on the nervous system but also to address the problem from the point of view of the diverse technologies that are used in understanding the disease. Just as the recog nition ofoncogenic viruses gave us insights into cellular genes that govern growth, the study ofHIV-I in the nervous system has opened new areas ofinvestigation in the nervous system. Use of human fetal and glioma-derived cell cultures, discovery of toxins in the nervous system, release and damage of cytokines in the brain, the neuropathic effects of HIV proteins, the investigation of new treatment for neuro AIDS, and virus detection strategies to identify latent HIVI infection are described in this volume. Basic and clinical investigators from more than thirty laboratories around the world contributed to the ideas discussed at the meeting, "Technical Advances in AIDS Research in the Human Nervous System.
New Concepts in the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Encephalopathy.- 1. HIV Encephalopathy: Clinical and Diagnostic Considerations.- 2. Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Novel Cerebral Diseases in AIDS.- 3. Peripheral Neuropathy in AIDS: New Investigative Approaches.- Models of HIV-1 Infection and Neurotoxicity in the Human Fetal Nervous System.- 4. Overview: Models of HIV-1 Infection and Neurotoxicity in the Human Fetal Nervous System.- 5. HIV-1-Derived Neurotoxic Factors: Effects on Human Neuronal Cultures.- 6. Experimental Model Systems for Studies of HIV Encephalitis.- 7. Cell Cultures from Human Fetal Brain Provide a Model for HIV-1 Persistence and Reactivation in the Central Nervous System.- 8. Use of Human Brain Cell Aggregates for AIDS Research in the Nervous System.- 9. Infection of Human Fetal Astrocytes with HIV.- Model Cell Cultures from Adult Brain and Glioma Cell Lines.- 10. Molecular Interaction of HIV-1 in Glioma Cells.- 11. Transcription of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Promoter in CNS-Derived Cells: Effect of TAT on Expression on Viral and Cellular Genes.- 12. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Derived from Human Microglia Enhances HIV-1 Replication and Is Toxic for Rat Oligodendrocytes in Vitro.- 13. Nitric Oxide Mediates a Component of gp120 Neurotoxicity in Primary Cortical Cultures.- Neurotropism of HIV-1 Strains.- 14. Contribution of V3 and Reverse Transcriptase Sequence Analysis to Understanding the Concept of HIV-1 Neurotropism.- 15. Sequence Analysis of Neuroinvasive and Blood-Derived HIV-1 nef Genes.- 16. An Organ Model for HIV Infection of the Blood-Brain Barrier.- 17. The Role of the Astrocyte in the Pathogenesis of the AIDS Dementia Complex.- 18. Alternative Receptors for HIV-1 in Nervous System Tissues.- Molecular Technology for the Detection and Analysisof HIV-1 in Nervous System Tissue.- 19. Detection of HIV-1 Gene Sequences in Brain Tissue by in Situ Polymerase Chain Reaction.- 20. The Utility of PCR in Situ Hybridization for the Detection of HIV-1 DNA and RNA.- 21. Electrochemiluminescence-Based Detection System for the Quantitative Measurement of Antigens and Nucleic Acids: Application to HIV-1 and JC Viruses.- Development of New Techniques and Methods Applied to Aids.- 22. Techniques in PCR and PCR Evaluation Technology and Its Application to the Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid in HIV Disease.- 23. Quantification of Quinolinic Acid Metabolism of Macrophages and Astrocytes.- 24. Targeted Defective Interfering HIV-1 Particles as Renewable Antivirals?.- Focus on Aids and the Nervous System: Challenges during the Decade of the Brain.- 25. Treatment of Neurological Complications in AIDS: The AIDS Clinical Trials Group in the 1990s.- 26. Technical Advances and the Challenge of HIV-1 Related Neurological Diseases.- Contributors.
New Concepts in the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Encephalopathy.- 1. HIV Encephalopathy: Clinical and Diagnostic Considerations.- 2. Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Novel Cerebral Diseases in AIDS.- 3. Peripheral Neuropathy in AIDS: New Investigative Approaches.- Models of HIV-1 Infection and Neurotoxicity in the Human Fetal Nervous System.- 4. Overview: Models of HIV-1 Infection and Neurotoxicity in the Human Fetal Nervous System.- 5. HIV-1-Derived Neurotoxic Factors: Effects on Human Neuronal Cultures.- 6. Experimental Model Systems for Studies of HIV Encephalitis.- 7. Cell Cultures from Human Fetal Brain Provide a Model for HIV-1 Persistence and Reactivation in the Central Nervous System.- 8. Use of Human Brain Cell Aggregates for AIDS Research in the Nervous System.- 9. Infection of Human Fetal Astrocytes with HIV.- Model Cell Cultures from Adult Brain and Glioma Cell Lines.- 10. Molecular Interaction of HIV-1 in Glioma Cells.- 11. Transcription of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Promoter in CNS-Derived Cells: Effect of TAT on Expression on Viral and Cellular Genes.- 12. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Derived from Human Microglia Enhances HIV-1 Replication and Is Toxic for Rat Oligodendrocytes in Vitro.- 13. Nitric Oxide Mediates a Component of gp120 Neurotoxicity in Primary Cortical Cultures.- Neurotropism of HIV-1 Strains.- 14. Contribution of V3 and Reverse Transcriptase Sequence Analysis to Understanding the Concept of HIV-1 Neurotropism.- 15. Sequence Analysis of Neuroinvasive and Blood-Derived HIV-1 nef Genes.- 16. An Organ Model for HIV Infection of the Blood-Brain Barrier.- 17. The Role of the Astrocyte in the Pathogenesis of the AIDS Dementia Complex.- 18. Alternative Receptors for HIV-1 in Nervous System Tissues.- Molecular Technology for the Detection and Analysisof HIV-1 in Nervous System Tissue.- 19. Detection of HIV-1 Gene Sequences in Brain Tissue by in Situ Polymerase Chain Reaction.- 20. The Utility of PCR in Situ Hybridization for the Detection of HIV-1 DNA and RNA.- 21. Electrochemiluminescence-Based Detection System for the Quantitative Measurement of Antigens and Nucleic Acids: Application to HIV-1 and JC Viruses.- Development of New Techniques and Methods Applied to Aids.- 22. Techniques in PCR and PCR Evaluation Technology and Its Application to the Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid in HIV Disease.- 23. Quantification of Quinolinic Acid Metabolism of Macrophages and Astrocytes.- 24. Targeted Defective Interfering HIV-1 Particles as Renewable Antivirals?.- Focus on Aids and the Nervous System: Challenges during the Decade of the Brain.- 25. Treatment of Neurological Complications in AIDS: The AIDS Clinical Trials Group in the 1990s.- 26. Technical Advances and the Challenge of HIV-1 Related Neurological Diseases.- Contributors.
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