Tasek Bera
The Ecology of a Freshwater Swamp
Herausgegeben:Furtado, J. I.; Mori, Shuichi
Tasek Bera
The Ecology of a Freshwater Swamp
Herausgegeben:Furtado, J. I.; Mori, Shuichi
- Broschiertes Buch
- Merkliste
- Auf die Merkliste
- Bewerten Bewerten
- Teilen
- Produkt teilen
- Produkterinnerung
- Produkterinnerung
J. I. Furtado and S. Mori This volume, 'Tasek Bera, the ecology of a tropical freshwater swamp', is a monograph based on research at Tasek Bera, under the auspices of the International Biological Programme (lBP) involving Japanese and Malaysian scientists under the sponsorship of the Malaysian National Committee for the IBP (MNC-IBP) which was initiated by the Malaysian Scientific Association (MSA). This collaboration was initiated by one of us (S. Mori) in 1966 at the Scientific Committee for Freshwater Productivity (PF) of the International Biological Programme (SCIBP) of the International…mehr
Andere Kunden interessierten sich auch für
![Estuarine Nutrient Cycling: The Influence of Primary Producers]( "Estuarine Nutrient Cycling: The Influence of Primary Producers")
Estuarine Nutrient Cycling: The Influence of Primary Producers110,99 €![Estuarine Nutrient Cycling: The Influence of Primary Producers]( "Estuarine Nutrient Cycling: The Influence of Primary Producers")
Søren Laurentius Nielsen / Gary T. Banta / Morten Foldager Pedersen (eds.)Estuarine Nutrient Cycling: The Influence of Primary Producers116,99 €![Harvesting Polluted Waters]( "Harvesting Polluted Waters")
Harvesting Polluted Waters39,99 €![Biogeography and Ecology in New Zealand]( "Biogeography and Ecology in New Zealand")
Biogeography and Ecology in New Zealand40,99 €![Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest]( "Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest")
Eric S. Kasischke / Brian Stocks (eds.)Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest147,99 €![Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities]( "Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities")
Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities75,99 €![Lake Kinneret]( "Lake Kinneret")
Lake Kinneret39,99 €-
-
-
J. I. Furtado and S. Mori This volume, 'Tasek Bera, the ecology of a tropical freshwater swamp', is a monograph based on research at Tasek Bera, under the auspices of the International Biological Programme (lBP) involving Japanese and Malaysian scientists under the sponsorship of the Malaysian National Committee for the IBP (MNC-IBP) which was initiated by the Malaysian Scientific Association (MSA). This collaboration was initiated by one of us (S. Mori) in 1966 at the Scientific Committee for Freshwater Productivity (PF) of the International Biological Programme (SCIBP) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (lCSU). It involved discussions between the Japanese National Com mittee for the IBP (JIBP) and the Malaysian National Committee for the IBP (MNC-IBP) and their respe
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Monographiae Biologicae 47
- Verlag: Springer / Springer Netherlands
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 978-94-009-7982-6
- Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1982
- Seitenzahl: 428
- Erscheinungstermin: 8. Dezember 2011
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 235mm x 155mm x 24mm
- Gewicht: 705g
- ISBN-13: 9789400979826
- ISBN-10: 9400979827
- Artikelnr.: 39494079
- Monographiae Biologicae 47
- Verlag: Springer / Springer Netherlands
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 978-94-009-7982-6
- Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1982
- Seitenzahl: 428
- Erscheinungstermin: 8. Dezember 2011
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 235mm x 155mm x 24mm
- Gewicht: 705g
- ISBN-13: 9789400979826
- ISBN-10: 9400979827
- Artikelnr.: 39494079
1. Introduction.
2. General description of Tasek Bera.
2.1 Locality and physiography (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
2.2 Origin and history (R. J. Morley).
2.2.1 Introduction.
2.2.2 Geological framework.
2.2.3 Tasek Bera as part of the Sungai Pahang
Sungai Muar drainage system.
2.2.4 Sedimentary history.
2.2.5 Vegetational history.
2.2.6 Conclusion.
2.3 Climate (R.P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
2.4 Study area and stations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).
2.5 Land utilisation (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3. Environmental conditions.
3.1 Physical properties (I. Ikusima and R. P. Lim).
3.1.1 Light.
3.1.2 Air, water and land temperature (R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado and I. Ikusima).
3.1.3 Water velocity and flux within the study area (I. Ikusima, T. Mizuno, S. Mori and O. Sato).
3.1.4 Water level fluctuations (T. Mizuno and R. P. Lim).
3.2 Chemical properties (R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado and O. Sato).
3.2.1 Dissolved gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim. J. I. Furtado and O. Sato).
3.2.2 pH and RpH (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and T. Mizuno).
3.2.3 Alkalinity (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.2.4 Conductivity (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.2.5 Cations (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.2.6 Anions(R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.3 Diel behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.4 Daily behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.5 Geochemical aspects of the aquatic environment Sato).
3.5.1 Dynamics of oxygen and carbon dioxide in relation to decomposition of organic matter.
3.5.2 Studies on the gases dissolved in water and in the bottom sediments (T. Koyama and O. Sato).
3.5.3 The distribution and dynamics of calcium (T. Mizuno and M. Yoshimi).
4. Decomposition.
4.1 Distribution and activity of microbes (Y. Tezuka).
4.1.1 Population density and standing crop of bacteria and fungi (Y. Tezuka, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
4.1.2 Microbial contribution to decomposition in water and mud (Y. Tezuka).
4.2 Decomposition of plants (O. Sato).
4.2.1 Litter production by forest trees.
4.2.2 Amount of dying plants.
4.2.3 Weight
loss of dead plants through decomposition.
4.2.4 Chemical changes in decomposing plants.
4.3 Origin of black water (O. Sato).
4.3.1 Distribution of colouring material.
4.3.2 Chemical properties of the colouring material.
4.3.3 Role of depositing mud.
4.3.4 Colouring of water in Tasek Bera by dissolved plant material from the swamp
forest and macrophytes in the Lepironia reed swamp (O. Sato and Y. Tezuka).
4.3.5 Reaction of iron to colouring matter.
5. Primary production (I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).
5.1 Classification of primary producers (I. Ikusima).
5.1.1 Algae (M. Ratnasabapathy, S. Kumano, T. Watanabe and T. Mizuno).
5.1.2 Macrophytes (I. Ikusima and E. Soepadmo).
5.2 Population density and standing crop (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
5.2.1 Phytoplankton (T. Okino, R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).
5.2.2 Epiphytic and benthic algae (T. Watanabe, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).
5.2.3 Submerged macrophytes (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).
5.2.4 Emergent macrophytes (I. Ikusima, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).
5.3 Structure of Lepironia stands (I. Ikusima).
5.3.1 Vertical profile (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).
5.3.2 Spatial distribution (I. Ikusima).
5.4 Growth of Lepironia (I. Ikusima).
5.4.1 Growth curve.
5.4.2 Life table.
5.5 Photosynthetic production (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and T. Okino).
5.5.1 Phytoplankton (T. Okino and R. P. Lim).
5.5.2 Epiphytic algae (T. Watanabe, S. Kumano and I. Ikusima).
5.5.3 Submerged macrophytes (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).
5.5.4 Emergent macrophytes (I. Ikusima).
5.6 Production estimates based on oxygen dynamics in a closed water column (I. Ikusima).
6. Secondary production.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Zooplankton (T. Mizuno, H. Fernando and R. P. Lim).
6.2.1 History of study (T. Mizuno).
6.2.2 Classification of Zooplankton (T. Mizuno).
6.2.3 Composition and comparison of Zooplankton associations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
6.2.4 Seasonal fluctuations of Zooplankton (T. Mizuno and R, P. Lim).
6.3 Benthos and attached animals (T. Mizuno, K. Gose, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
6.3.1 History of study (T. Mizuno).
6.3.2 Classification of aquatic insects (T. Mizuno).
6.3.3 Composition and comparison of aquatic organisms (R. P. Lim, J.I. Furtado, T. Mizuno and K. Gose).
6.3.4 Benthic animal associations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
6.3.5 Emergence and growth of aquatic insects (K. Gose and T. Mizuno).
6.4 Shrimps, crabs and molluscs (T. Mizuno).
6.4.1 History of study.
6.4.2 Distribution and standing crop of shrimps.
6.4.3 Growth and breeding patterns of shrimps.
6.5 Grasshoppers and spiders (T. Mizuno).
6.5.1 History of study.
6.5.2 Productivity of the grasshopper.
6.5.3 Density of spiders.
7. Ecological notes on fishes.
7.1 Composition of fish communities (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).
7.1.1 Faunal composition.
7.1.2 Quantitative composition of the ichthyofauna.
7.2 Fish associations in relation to habitat types (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).
7.3 Diurnal rhythm of activity (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).
7.4 Food habits (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).
7.5 Seasonal growth rates of several fishes (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, N. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).
8. General discussion.
8.1 Food chain (T. Mizuno and J. I. Furtado).
8.2 Biogeochemical cycling.
8.3 Productivity (I. Ikusima, J. I. Furtado, S. Mori, T. Mizuno and Y. Tezuka).
8.4 Conservation and management (S. Mori and J. I. Furtado).
Appendix I.
Appendix II.
References.
2. General description of Tasek Bera.
2.1 Locality and physiography (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
2.2 Origin and history (R. J. Morley).
2.2.1 Introduction.
2.2.2 Geological framework.
2.2.3 Tasek Bera as part of the Sungai Pahang
Sungai Muar drainage system.
2.2.4 Sedimentary history.
2.2.5 Vegetational history.
2.2.6 Conclusion.
2.3 Climate (R.P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
2.4 Study area and stations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).
2.5 Land utilisation (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3. Environmental conditions.
3.1 Physical properties (I. Ikusima and R. P. Lim).
3.1.1 Light.
3.1.2 Air, water and land temperature (R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado and I. Ikusima).
3.1.3 Water velocity and flux within the study area (I. Ikusima, T. Mizuno, S. Mori and O. Sato).
3.1.4 Water level fluctuations (T. Mizuno and R. P. Lim).
3.2 Chemical properties (R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado and O. Sato).
3.2.1 Dissolved gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim. J. I. Furtado and O. Sato).
3.2.2 pH and RpH (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and T. Mizuno).
3.2.3 Alkalinity (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.2.4 Conductivity (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.2.5 Cations (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.2.6 Anions(R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.3 Diel behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.4 Daily behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.5 Geochemical aspects of the aquatic environment Sato).
3.5.1 Dynamics of oxygen and carbon dioxide in relation to decomposition of organic matter.
3.5.2 Studies on the gases dissolved in water and in the bottom sediments (T. Koyama and O. Sato).
3.5.3 The distribution and dynamics of calcium (T. Mizuno and M. Yoshimi).
4. Decomposition.
4.1 Distribution and activity of microbes (Y. Tezuka).
4.1.1 Population density and standing crop of bacteria and fungi (Y. Tezuka, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
4.1.2 Microbial contribution to decomposition in water and mud (Y. Tezuka).
4.2 Decomposition of plants (O. Sato).
4.2.1 Litter production by forest trees.
4.2.2 Amount of dying plants.
4.2.3 Weight
loss of dead plants through decomposition.
4.2.4 Chemical changes in decomposing plants.
4.3 Origin of black water (O. Sato).
4.3.1 Distribution of colouring material.
4.3.2 Chemical properties of the colouring material.
4.3.3 Role of depositing mud.
4.3.4 Colouring of water in Tasek Bera by dissolved plant material from the swamp
forest and macrophytes in the Lepironia reed swamp (O. Sato and Y. Tezuka).
4.3.5 Reaction of iron to colouring matter.
5. Primary production (I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).
5.1 Classification of primary producers (I. Ikusima).
5.1.1 Algae (M. Ratnasabapathy, S. Kumano, T. Watanabe and T. Mizuno).
5.1.2 Macrophytes (I. Ikusima and E. Soepadmo).
5.2 Population density and standing crop (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
5.2.1 Phytoplankton (T. Okino, R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).
5.2.2 Epiphytic and benthic algae (T. Watanabe, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).
5.2.3 Submerged macrophytes (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).
5.2.4 Emergent macrophytes (I. Ikusima, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).
5.3 Structure of Lepironia stands (I. Ikusima).
5.3.1 Vertical profile (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).
5.3.2 Spatial distribution (I. Ikusima).
5.4 Growth of Lepironia (I. Ikusima).
5.4.1 Growth curve.
5.4.2 Life table.
5.5 Photosynthetic production (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and T. Okino).
5.5.1 Phytoplankton (T. Okino and R. P. Lim).
5.5.2 Epiphytic algae (T. Watanabe, S. Kumano and I. Ikusima).
5.5.3 Submerged macrophytes (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).
5.5.4 Emergent macrophytes (I. Ikusima).
5.6 Production estimates based on oxygen dynamics in a closed water column (I. Ikusima).
6. Secondary production.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Zooplankton (T. Mizuno, H. Fernando and R. P. Lim).
6.2.1 History of study (T. Mizuno).
6.2.2 Classification of Zooplankton (T. Mizuno).
6.2.3 Composition and comparison of Zooplankton associations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
6.2.4 Seasonal fluctuations of Zooplankton (T. Mizuno and R, P. Lim).
6.3 Benthos and attached animals (T. Mizuno, K. Gose, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
6.3.1 History of study (T. Mizuno).
6.3.2 Classification of aquatic insects (T. Mizuno).
6.3.3 Composition and comparison of aquatic organisms (R. P. Lim, J.I. Furtado, T. Mizuno and K. Gose).
6.3.4 Benthic animal associations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
6.3.5 Emergence and growth of aquatic insects (K. Gose and T. Mizuno).
6.4 Shrimps, crabs and molluscs (T. Mizuno).
6.4.1 History of study.
6.4.2 Distribution and standing crop of shrimps.
6.4.3 Growth and breeding patterns of shrimps.
6.5 Grasshoppers and spiders (T. Mizuno).
6.5.1 History of study.
6.5.2 Productivity of the grasshopper.
6.5.3 Density of spiders.
7. Ecological notes on fishes.
7.1 Composition of fish communities (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).
7.1.1 Faunal composition.
7.1.2 Quantitative composition of the ichthyofauna.
7.2 Fish associations in relation to habitat types (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).
7.3 Diurnal rhythm of activity (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).
7.4 Food habits (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).
7.5 Seasonal growth rates of several fishes (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, N. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).
8. General discussion.
8.1 Food chain (T. Mizuno and J. I. Furtado).
8.2 Biogeochemical cycling.
8.3 Productivity (I. Ikusima, J. I. Furtado, S. Mori, T. Mizuno and Y. Tezuka).
8.4 Conservation and management (S. Mori and J. I. Furtado).
Appendix I.
Appendix II.
References.
1. Introduction.- 2. General description of Tasek Bera.- 2.1 Locality and physiography (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 2.2 Origin and history (R. J. Morley).- 2.3 Climate (R.P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 2.4 Study area and stations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).- 2.5 Land utilisation (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3. Environmental conditions.- 3.1 Physical properties (I. Ikusima and R. P. Lim).- 3.2 Chemical properties (R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado and O. Sato).- 3.3 Diel behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3.4 Daily behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3.5 Geochemical aspects of the aquatic environment Sato).- 4. Decomposition.- 4.1 Distribution and activity of microbes (Y. Tezuka).- 4.2 Decomposition of plants (O. Sato).- 4.3 Origin of black water (O. Sato).- 5. Primary production (I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).- 5.1 Classification of primary producers (I. Ikusima).- 5.2 Population density and standing crop (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 5.3 Structure of Lepironia stands (I. Ikusima).- 5.4 Growth of Lepironia (I. Ikusima).- 5.5 Photosynthetic production (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and T. Okino).- 5.6 Production estimates based on oxygen dynamics in a closed water column (I. Ikusima).- 6. Secondary production.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Zooplankton (T. Mizuno, H. Fernando and R. P. Lim).- 6.3 Benthos and attached animals (T. Mizuno, K. Gose, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 6.4 Shrimps, crabs and molluscs (T. Mizuno).- 6.5 Grasshoppers and spiders (T. Mizuno).- 7. Ecological notes on fishes.- 7.1 Composition of fish communities (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).- 7.2 Fish associations in relation to habitat types (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).- 7.3 Diurnal rhythm of activity (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).- 7.4 Food habits (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).- 7.5 Seasonal growth rates of several fishes (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, N. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).- 8. General discussion.- 8.1 Food chain (T. Mizuno and J. I. Furtado).- 8.2 Biogeochemical cycling.- 8.3 Productivity (I. Ikusima, J. I. Furtado, S. Mori, T. Mizuno and Y. Tezuka).- 8.4 Conservation and management (S. Mori and J. I. Furtado).- Appendix I.- Appendix II.- References.
1. Introduction.
2. General description of Tasek Bera.
2.1 Locality and physiography (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
2.2 Origin and history (R. J. Morley).
2.2.1 Introduction.
2.2.2 Geological framework.
2.2.3 Tasek Bera as part of the Sungai Pahang
Sungai Muar drainage system.
2.2.4 Sedimentary history.
2.2.5 Vegetational history.
2.2.6 Conclusion.
2.3 Climate (R.P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
2.4 Study area and stations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).
2.5 Land utilisation (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3. Environmental conditions.
3.1 Physical properties (I. Ikusima and R. P. Lim).
3.1.1 Light.
3.1.2 Air, water and land temperature (R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado and I. Ikusima).
3.1.3 Water velocity and flux within the study area (I. Ikusima, T. Mizuno, S. Mori and O. Sato).
3.1.4 Water level fluctuations (T. Mizuno and R. P. Lim).
3.2 Chemical properties (R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado and O. Sato).
3.2.1 Dissolved gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim. J. I. Furtado and O. Sato).
3.2.2 pH and RpH (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and T. Mizuno).
3.2.3 Alkalinity (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.2.4 Conductivity (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.2.5 Cations (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.2.6 Anions(R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.3 Diel behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.4 Daily behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.5 Geochemical aspects of the aquatic environment Sato).
3.5.1 Dynamics of oxygen and carbon dioxide in relation to decomposition of organic matter.
3.5.2 Studies on the gases dissolved in water and in the bottom sediments (T. Koyama and O. Sato).
3.5.3 The distribution and dynamics of calcium (T. Mizuno and M. Yoshimi).
4. Decomposition.
4.1 Distribution and activity of microbes (Y. Tezuka).
4.1.1 Population density and standing crop of bacteria and fungi (Y. Tezuka, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
4.1.2 Microbial contribution to decomposition in water and mud (Y. Tezuka).
4.2 Decomposition of plants (O. Sato).
4.2.1 Litter production by forest trees.
4.2.2 Amount of dying plants.
4.2.3 Weight
loss of dead plants through decomposition.
4.2.4 Chemical changes in decomposing plants.
4.3 Origin of black water (O. Sato).
4.3.1 Distribution of colouring material.
4.3.2 Chemical properties of the colouring material.
4.3.3 Role of depositing mud.
4.3.4 Colouring of water in Tasek Bera by dissolved plant material from the swamp
forest and macrophytes in the Lepironia reed swamp (O. Sato and Y. Tezuka).
4.3.5 Reaction of iron to colouring matter.
5. Primary production (I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).
5.1 Classification of primary producers (I. Ikusima).
5.1.1 Algae (M. Ratnasabapathy, S. Kumano, T. Watanabe and T. Mizuno).
5.1.2 Macrophytes (I. Ikusima and E. Soepadmo).
5.2 Population density and standing crop (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
5.2.1 Phytoplankton (T. Okino, R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).
5.2.2 Epiphytic and benthic algae (T. Watanabe, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).
5.2.3 Submerged macrophytes (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).
5.2.4 Emergent macrophytes (I. Ikusima, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).
5.3 Structure of Lepironia stands (I. Ikusima).
5.3.1 Vertical profile (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).
5.3.2 Spatial distribution (I. Ikusima).
5.4 Growth of Lepironia (I. Ikusima).
5.4.1 Growth curve.
5.4.2 Life table.
5.5 Photosynthetic production (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and T. Okino).
5.5.1 Phytoplankton (T. Okino and R. P. Lim).
5.5.2 Epiphytic algae (T. Watanabe, S. Kumano and I. Ikusima).
5.5.3 Submerged macrophytes (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).
5.5.4 Emergent macrophytes (I. Ikusima).
5.6 Production estimates based on oxygen dynamics in a closed water column (I. Ikusima).
6. Secondary production.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Zooplankton (T. Mizuno, H. Fernando and R. P. Lim).
6.2.1 History of study (T. Mizuno).
6.2.2 Classification of Zooplankton (T. Mizuno).
6.2.3 Composition and comparison of Zooplankton associations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
6.2.4 Seasonal fluctuations of Zooplankton (T. Mizuno and R, P. Lim).
6.3 Benthos and attached animals (T. Mizuno, K. Gose, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
6.3.1 History of study (T. Mizuno).
6.3.2 Classification of aquatic insects (T. Mizuno).
6.3.3 Composition and comparison of aquatic organisms (R. P. Lim, J.I. Furtado, T. Mizuno and K. Gose).
6.3.4 Benthic animal associations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
6.3.5 Emergence and growth of aquatic insects (K. Gose and T. Mizuno).
6.4 Shrimps, crabs and molluscs (T. Mizuno).
6.4.1 History of study.
6.4.2 Distribution and standing crop of shrimps.
6.4.3 Growth and breeding patterns of shrimps.
6.5 Grasshoppers and spiders (T. Mizuno).
6.5.1 History of study.
6.5.2 Productivity of the grasshopper.
6.5.3 Density of spiders.
7. Ecological notes on fishes.
7.1 Composition of fish communities (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).
7.1.1 Faunal composition.
7.1.2 Quantitative composition of the ichthyofauna.
7.2 Fish associations in relation to habitat types (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).
7.3 Diurnal rhythm of activity (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).
7.4 Food habits (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).
7.5 Seasonal growth rates of several fishes (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, N. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).
8. General discussion.
8.1 Food chain (T. Mizuno and J. I. Furtado).
8.2 Biogeochemical cycling.
8.3 Productivity (I. Ikusima, J. I. Furtado, S. Mori, T. Mizuno and Y. Tezuka).
8.4 Conservation and management (S. Mori and J. I. Furtado).
Appendix I.
Appendix II.
References.
2. General description of Tasek Bera.
2.1 Locality and physiography (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
2.2 Origin and history (R. J. Morley).
2.2.1 Introduction.
2.2.2 Geological framework.
2.2.3 Tasek Bera as part of the Sungai Pahang
Sungai Muar drainage system.
2.2.4 Sedimentary history.
2.2.5 Vegetational history.
2.2.6 Conclusion.
2.3 Climate (R.P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
2.4 Study area and stations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).
2.5 Land utilisation (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3. Environmental conditions.
3.1 Physical properties (I. Ikusima and R. P. Lim).
3.1.1 Light.
3.1.2 Air, water and land temperature (R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado and I. Ikusima).
3.1.3 Water velocity and flux within the study area (I. Ikusima, T. Mizuno, S. Mori and O. Sato).
3.1.4 Water level fluctuations (T. Mizuno and R. P. Lim).
3.2 Chemical properties (R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado and O. Sato).
3.2.1 Dissolved gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim. J. I. Furtado and O. Sato).
3.2.2 pH and RpH (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and T. Mizuno).
3.2.3 Alkalinity (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.2.4 Conductivity (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.2.5 Cations (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.2.6 Anions(R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.3 Diel behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.4 Daily behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
3.5 Geochemical aspects of the aquatic environment Sato).
3.5.1 Dynamics of oxygen and carbon dioxide in relation to decomposition of organic matter.
3.5.2 Studies on the gases dissolved in water and in the bottom sediments (T. Koyama and O. Sato).
3.5.3 The distribution and dynamics of calcium (T. Mizuno and M. Yoshimi).
4. Decomposition.
4.1 Distribution and activity of microbes (Y. Tezuka).
4.1.1 Population density and standing crop of bacteria and fungi (Y. Tezuka, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
4.1.2 Microbial contribution to decomposition in water and mud (Y. Tezuka).
4.2 Decomposition of plants (O. Sato).
4.2.1 Litter production by forest trees.
4.2.2 Amount of dying plants.
4.2.3 Weight
loss of dead plants through decomposition.
4.2.4 Chemical changes in decomposing plants.
4.3 Origin of black water (O. Sato).
4.3.1 Distribution of colouring material.
4.3.2 Chemical properties of the colouring material.
4.3.3 Role of depositing mud.
4.3.4 Colouring of water in Tasek Bera by dissolved plant material from the swamp
forest and macrophytes in the Lepironia reed swamp (O. Sato and Y. Tezuka).
4.3.5 Reaction of iron to colouring matter.
5. Primary production (I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).
5.1 Classification of primary producers (I. Ikusima).
5.1.1 Algae (M. Ratnasabapathy, S. Kumano, T. Watanabe and T. Mizuno).
5.1.2 Macrophytes (I. Ikusima and E. Soepadmo).
5.2 Population density and standing crop (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
5.2.1 Phytoplankton (T. Okino, R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).
5.2.2 Epiphytic and benthic algae (T. Watanabe, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).
5.2.3 Submerged macrophytes (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).
5.2.4 Emergent macrophytes (I. Ikusima, S. Kumano and T. Mizuno).
5.3 Structure of Lepironia stands (I. Ikusima).
5.3.1 Vertical profile (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).
5.3.2 Spatial distribution (I. Ikusima).
5.4 Growth of Lepironia (I. Ikusima).
5.4.1 Growth curve.
5.4.2 Life table.
5.5 Photosynthetic production (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and T. Okino).
5.5.1 Phytoplankton (T. Okino and R. P. Lim).
5.5.2 Epiphytic algae (T. Watanabe, S. Kumano and I. Ikusima).
5.5.3 Submerged macrophytes (I. Ikusima and S. Kumano).
5.5.4 Emergent macrophytes (I. Ikusima).
5.6 Production estimates based on oxygen dynamics in a closed water column (I. Ikusima).
6. Secondary production.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Zooplankton (T. Mizuno, H. Fernando and R. P. Lim).
6.2.1 History of study (T. Mizuno).
6.2.2 Classification of Zooplankton (T. Mizuno).
6.2.3 Composition and comparison of Zooplankton associations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
6.2.4 Seasonal fluctuations of Zooplankton (T. Mizuno and R, P. Lim).
6.3 Benthos and attached animals (T. Mizuno, K. Gose, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
6.3.1 History of study (T. Mizuno).
6.3.2 Classification of aquatic insects (T. Mizuno).
6.3.3 Composition and comparison of aquatic organisms (R. P. Lim, J.I. Furtado, T. Mizuno and K. Gose).
6.3.4 Benthic animal associations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).
6.3.5 Emergence and growth of aquatic insects (K. Gose and T. Mizuno).
6.4 Shrimps, crabs and molluscs (T. Mizuno).
6.4.1 History of study.
6.4.2 Distribution and standing crop of shrimps.
6.4.3 Growth and breeding patterns of shrimps.
6.5 Grasshoppers and spiders (T. Mizuno).
6.5.1 History of study.
6.5.2 Productivity of the grasshopper.
6.5.3 Density of spiders.
7. Ecological notes on fishes.
7.1 Composition of fish communities (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).
7.1.1 Faunal composition.
7.1.2 Quantitative composition of the ichthyofauna.
7.2 Fish associations in relation to habitat types (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).
7.3 Diurnal rhythm of activity (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).
7.4 Food habits (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).
7.5 Seasonal growth rates of several fishes (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, N. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).
8. General discussion.
8.1 Food chain (T. Mizuno and J. I. Furtado).
8.2 Biogeochemical cycling.
8.3 Productivity (I. Ikusima, J. I. Furtado, S. Mori, T. Mizuno and Y. Tezuka).
8.4 Conservation and management (S. Mori and J. I. Furtado).
Appendix I.
Appendix II.
References.
1. Introduction.- 2. General description of Tasek Bera.- 2.1 Locality and physiography (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 2.2 Origin and history (R. J. Morley).- 2.3 Climate (R.P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 2.4 Study area and stations (T. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).- 2.5 Land utilisation (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3. Environmental conditions.- 3.1 Physical properties (I. Ikusima and R. P. Lim).- 3.2 Chemical properties (R. P. Lim, J. I. Furtado and O. Sato).- 3.3 Diel behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3.4 Daily behaviour (R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 3.5 Geochemical aspects of the aquatic environment Sato).- 4. Decomposition.- 4.1 Distribution and activity of microbes (Y. Tezuka).- 4.2 Decomposition of plants (O. Sato).- 4.3 Origin of black water (O. Sato).- 5. Primary production (I. Ikusima and J. I. Furtado).- 5.1 Classification of primary producers (I. Ikusima).- 5.2 Population density and standing crop (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 5.3 Structure of Lepironia stands (I. Ikusima).- 5.4 Growth of Lepironia (I. Ikusima).- 5.5 Photosynthetic production (I. Ikusima, R. P. Lim and T. Okino).- 5.6 Production estimates based on oxygen dynamics in a closed water column (I. Ikusima).- 6. Secondary production.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Zooplankton (T. Mizuno, H. Fernando and R. P. Lim).- 6.3 Benthos and attached animals (T. Mizuno, K. Gose, R. P. Lim and J. I. Furtado).- 6.4 Shrimps, crabs and molluscs (T. Mizuno).- 6.5 Grasshoppers and spiders (T. Mizuno).- 7. Ecological notes on fishes.- 7.1 Composition of fish communities (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).- 7.2 Fish associations in relation to habitat types (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).- 7.3 Diurnal rhythm of activity (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, M. Nagai, Y. Shiraishi and J. I. Furtado).- 7.4 Food habits (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, Y. Shiraishi, M. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).- 7.5 Seasonal growth rates of several fishes (N. Mizuno, R. P. Lim, N. Nagai and J. I. Furtado).- 8. General discussion.- 8.1 Food chain (T. Mizuno and J. I. Furtado).- 8.2 Biogeochemical cycling.- 8.3 Productivity (I. Ikusima, J. I. Furtado, S. Mori, T. Mizuno and Y. Tezuka).- 8.4 Conservation and management (S. Mori and J. I. Furtado).- Appendix I.- Appendix II.- References.