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These lectures deal with background and latest developments in symmetries, singularity structures (Painlevé analysis) and their relation to integrability and chaos in classical and quantum nonlinear dynamical systems. The book is useful to both newcomers and senior researchers in physics and mathematics working in the field of nonlinear dynamics. Starting from simple Lie symmetries the role of generalized Lie and Lie-Bäcklund symmetries and the underlying algebras associated with a wide spectrum of nonlinear systems are studied. Some keywords are: Master symmetries, dynamical symmetries, Kac-Moody and Virasoro algebras, quantum groups, integrable quantum spin chains, bi-Hamiltonian structure of integrable systems and singularity structure analysis of Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian systems, the connection between symmetry, solitons, quantum chaos and random matrix theory, applications of solitons in plasmas, 4He films, Josephson junctions and in chemical compounds.
Symmetries and singularity structures play important roles in the study of nonlinear dynamical systems. It was Sophus Lie who originally stressed the importance of symmetries and invariance in the study of nonlinear differential equations. How ever, the full potentialities of symmetries had been realized only after the advent of solitons in 1965. It is now a well-accepted fact that associated with the infinite number of integrals of motion of a given soliton system, an infinite number of gep. eralized Lie BAcklund symmetries exist. The associated bi-Hamiltonian struc ture, Kac-Moody, Vrrasoro algebras, and so on, have been increasingly attracting the attention of scientists working in this area. Similarly, in recent times the role of symmetries in analyzing both the classical and quantum integrable and nonintegrable finite dimensional systems has been remarkable. On the other hand, the works of Fuchs, Kovalevskaya, Painleve and coworkers on the singularity structures associated with the solutions of nonlinear differen tial equations have helped to classify first and second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The recent work of Ablowitz, Ramani and Segur, con jecturing a connection between soliton systems and Painleve equations that are free from movable critical points, has motivated considerably the search for the connection between integrable dynamical systems with finite degrees of freedom and the Painleve property. Weiss, Tabor and Carnevale have extended these ideas to partial differential equations.
Symmetries and singularity structures play important roles in the study of nonlinear dynamical systems. It was Sophus Lie who originally stressed the importance of symmetries and invariance in the study of nonlinear differential equations. How ever, the full potentialities of symmetries had been realized only after the advent of solitons in 1965. It is now a well-accepted fact that associated with the infinite number of integrals of motion of a given soliton system, an infinite number of gep. eralized Lie BAcklund symmetries exist. The associated bi-Hamiltonian struc ture, Kac-Moody, Vrrasoro algebras, and so on, have been increasingly attracting the attention of scientists working in this area. Similarly, in recent times the role of symmetries in analyzing both the classical and quantum integrable and nonintegrable finite dimensional systems has been remarkable. On the other hand, the works of Fuchs, Kovalevskaya, Painleve and coworkers on the singularity structures associated with the solutions of nonlinear differen tial equations have helped to classify first and second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The recent work of Ablowitz, Ramani and Segur, con jecturing a connection between soliton systems and Painleve equations that are free from movable critical points, has motivated considerably the search for the connection between integrable dynamical systems with finite degrees of freedom and the Painleve property. Weiss, Tabor and Carnevale have extended these ideas to partial differential equations.