An essential tool in the fields of structural geology and geotechnics, stereographic projection allows three-dimensional orientation data to be represented and manipulated. This revised edition presents a basic introduction to the subject with examples, illustrations and exercises that encourage the student to visualize the problems in three dimensions. It will provide students of geology, rock mechanics, and geotechnical and civil engineering with an indispensable guide to the analysis and interpretation of field orientation data. Links to useful web resources and software programs are also…mehr
An essential tool in the fields of structural geology and geotechnics, stereographic projection allows three-dimensional orientation data to be represented and manipulated. This revised edition presents a basic introduction to the subject with examples, illustrations and exercises that encourage the student to visualize the problems in three dimensions. It will provide students of geology, rock mechanics, and geotechnical and civil engineering with an indispensable guide to the analysis and interpretation of field orientation data. Links to useful web resources and software programs are also provided. First Edition published by Butterworth-Heinemann (1996): 0-750-62450-7
Preface Acknowledgements 1. Geological structures of planar type 2. Measuring and recording the orientation of planar structures 3. Geological structures of linear type 4. Measuring and recording the orientation of lines 5. Why do we need projections? 6. Idea of stereographic projection 7. Approximate method of plotting lines and planes 8. Exercises 1 9. The stereographic net 10. Precise method of plotting planes. Great circles and poles 11. Precise methods for plotting lines 1. Where the plunge of the line is known 12. Precise methods for plotting lines 2. Where the line is known from its pitch 13. The intersection of two planes 14. Plane containing two lines 15. Apparent dip 16. The angle between two lines 17. The angle between two planes 18. The plane that bisects the angle between two planes 19. Projecting a line onto a plane 20. Stereographic and equal-area projections 21. The polar net 22. Analysing folds 1. Cylindricity and plunge of axis 23. Analysing folds 2. Inter-limb angle and axial surface 24. Analysing folds 3. Style of folding 25. Analysing folds 4. The orientation of folds 26. Folds and cleavage 27. Analysing folds with cleavage 28. Faults 1. Calculating net slip 29. Faults 2. Estimating stress directions 30. Cones/small circles 31. Plotting a cone 32. Rotations about a horizontal axis 33. Example of rotation about a horizontal axis. Restoration of tilt of beds 34. Example of rotation. Restoring palaeocurrents 35. Rotation about an inclined axis 36. Example of rotation about an inclined axis. Borehole data 37. Density contouring on stereograms 38. Superposed folding 1 39. Superposed folding 2. Sub-area concept 40. Example of analysis of folds. Bristol area 41. Geometrical analysis of folds. Examples from SW England 42. Example of analysis of jointing. Glamorgan coast 43. Geotechnical applications. Rock slope stability 44. Assessing plane failure. Frictional resistance 45. Assessing plane failure. Daylighting 46. Assessing wedge failure 47. Exercises 2 48. Solutions to exercises Appendices Availability of computer programs for plotting stereograms Further reading Index.
Preface Acknowledgements 1. Geological structures of planar type 2. Measuring and recording the orientation of planar structures 3. Geological structures of linear type 4. Measuring and recording the orientation of lines 5. Why do we need projections? 6. Idea of stereographic projection 7. Approximate method of plotting lines and planes 8. Exercises 1 9. The stereographic net 10. Precise method of plotting planes. Great circles and poles 11. Precise methods for plotting lines 1. Where the plunge of the line is known 12. Precise methods for plotting lines 2. Where the line is known from its pitch 13. The intersection of two planes 14. Plane containing two lines 15. Apparent dip 16. The angle between two lines 17. The angle between two planes 18. The plane that bisects the angle between two planes 19. Projecting a line onto a plane 20. Stereographic and equal-area projections 21. The polar net 22. Analysing folds 1. Cylindricity and plunge of axis 23. Analysing folds 2. Inter-limb angle and axial surface 24. Analysing folds 3. Style of folding 25. Analysing folds 4. The orientation of folds 26. Folds and cleavage 27. Analysing folds with cleavage 28. Faults 1. Calculating net slip 29. Faults 2. Estimating stress directions 30. Cones/small circles 31. Plotting a cone 32. Rotations about a horizontal axis 33. Example of rotation about a horizontal axis. Restoration of tilt of beds 34. Example of rotation. Restoring palaeocurrents 35. Rotation about an inclined axis 36. Example of rotation about an inclined axis. Borehole data 37. Density contouring on stereograms 38. Superposed folding 1 39. Superposed folding 2. Sub-area concept 40. Example of analysis of folds. Bristol area 41. Geometrical analysis of folds. Examples from SW England 42. Example of analysis of jointing. Glamorgan coast 43. Geotechnical applications. Rock slope stability 44. Assessing plane failure. Frictional resistance 45. Assessing plane failure. Daylighting 46. Assessing wedge failure 47. Exercises 2 48. Solutions to exercises Appendices Availability of computer programs for plotting stereograms Further reading Index.
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