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"As the United States' global image shifted during the 1990s and 2000s, so too did anti-American dynamics. This shift in image - a deterioration, as Ed Schatz puts it - was not only watched by social mobilizers, radical Islamist leaders, and labor organizers, but integrated into a new schema used to frame the grievances of American imperialism's victims. Schatz traces the progressive deepening of anti-American sentiment in post-Soviet central Asia using the lens of symbolic politics. Drawing on extensive qualitative and quantitative data, he demonstrates how changing public attitudes can have…mehr
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"As the United States' global image shifted during the 1990s and 2000s, so too did anti-American dynamics. This shift in image - a deterioration, as Ed Schatz puts it - was not only watched by social mobilizers, radical Islamist leaders, and labor organizers, but integrated into a new schema used to frame the grievances of American imperialism's victims. Schatz traces the progressive deepening of anti-American sentiment in post-Soviet central Asia using the lens of symbolic politics. Drawing on extensive qualitative and quantitative data, he demonstrates how changing public attitudes can have significant sociopolitical consequences. He bypasses the direct link between public opinion and policymaking and instead focuses on the link between public opinion and popular mobilization; the development of this relationship empowers some social actors and disempowers others. This book illustrates how anti-Americanism in central Asia is best described not as a rising tide that swamps, nor as a rapidly spreading fire that engulfs, but as a gradual progression mounting slowly, but powerfully, toward a politically combustible movement"--
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Stanford University Press
- Seitenzahl: 232
- Erscheinungstermin: 26. Januar 2021
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 152mm x 230mm x 17mm
- Gewicht: 362g
- ISBN-13: 9781503614321
- ISBN-10: 1503614328
- Artikelnr.: 59509891
- Verlag: Stanford University Press
- Seitenzahl: 232
- Erscheinungstermin: 26. Januar 2021
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 152mm x 230mm x 17mm
- Gewicht: 362g
- ISBN-13: 9781503614321
- ISBN-10: 1503614328
- Artikelnr.: 59509891
Edward Schatz is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Toronto. His previous books include Paradox of Power: The Logics of State Weakness in Eurasia (2017) and Political Ethnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study of Power (2009).
Contents and Abstracts
Introduction: Slow Anti-Americanism
chapter abstract
While anti-Americanism is typically studied through the lens of "high
politics," this introductory chapter contends that such approaches blind us
to the political dynamics of this important phenomenon. Instead, the
chapter introduces slow anti-Americanism, which takes better stock of the
phenomenon. The chapter shows that attention to the symbolic power of
"America" allows us to view how social and political mobilizers use
changing symbolic raw material to further their goals. It emphasizes that
changes to symbolic America may occur slowly, leaving resonant social
meanings in their wake. Such meanings can be quarried by future generations
for political benefit. The chapter previews how the Central Asian cases
provide new analytic traction on a complex problem.
1America's Changing Image
chapter abstract
This chapter traces how images of the United States changed in the Central
Asian region from the Soviet period into the post-Soviet period. Setting
the stage for the discussion of social movements that follows, this chapter
makes three points. First, Central Asia's initial imaginings of the United
States were the product of the Soviet period, and symbolic America for
Central Asians was similar to what it was for other Soviet citizens-an
ambiguous cluster of polyvalent but resonant images. Second, after an
initial post-Soviet period of being overwhelmed by positive images of the
United States, Central Asian opinions of the US declined. This downward
trend occurred less because of concrete changes to US policy than because
of the slow-moving processes of sedimentation. Third, because images of the
United States had multiplied and diversified, a wider range of images
became available for social mobilizers. They would be the symbolic raw
material for Central Asia's social movements to use in the 2000's and
beyond.
2Islamist Trajectories
chapter abstract
This chapter traces the arcs of Islamist mobilizers. First, it introduces a
plural understanding of Islamism, recognizing that whatever theological
consensus the pious might seek, real-world contexts witness a striking
variety of ways that religion and politics intersect. Second, the chapter
highlights the rise of Islamic piety since the Soviet collapse, arguing
against a simplistic notion that greater piety necessarily produces a
politics inflected by religion. Finally, the chapter details how three
Islamist movements-Hizb ut-Tahrir, the Islamic Renaissance Party of
Tajikistan, and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan-use the changing
American image. The examples underscore that, while America's image matters
in Central Asia, how precisely its significance becomes political depends
on image-making efforts at play in each movement.
3Human Rights Trajectories
chapter abstract
This chapter traces the arcs of human rights activism in Central Asia. It
argues that the post-9/11 securitization of US foreign policy indeed did
complicate the pursuit of a human-rights agenda but in complex way. This
chapter uses the extended example of Kyrgyzstan and its two "revolutions"
in 2005 and 2010 to highlight how the shift to symbolic America had a
different impact, depending on whether activism was classic street protests
or via professional rule-of-law advocacy.
4Labor, Disorganized
chapter abstract
This chapter takes stock of a third and final type of activism: labor. By
all appearances, labor was in a position to take full advantage of shifts
to symbolic America. In Central Asia, as across post-socialist space more
generally, societies had experienced dramatic macro-economic contraction
and massive dislocation in the aftermath of the Soviet collapse.
Once-robust and explicit labor protections were quickly dismantled or
hollowed out. Ordinary people suffered greatly, and labor-the notional
cornerstone of state socialism-had ample grievances. Yet, while labor
activists in Central Asia were well aware of the United States and its
symbolic power, they did not avail themselves of the opportunity to use
symbolic America in their framing efforts. This chapter explores the impact
of this missed opportunity.
Conclusion: Shaping the Slow Politics of Anti-Americanism
chapter abstract
This conclusion first recaps the arcs of Central Asian social mobilization
and highlights how slow anti-Americanism helped to shake the political
terrain across the region. It then turns to policy-relevant questions. What
changes might shape how symbolic America affects global publics and global
politics? While policymakers pay attention to the substance of their
policies and sometimes pay attention to communicating their policies, they
rarely concern themselves with matters of credibility. As research on
framing effects suggests, however, the credibility of the messenger is
crucial to effective public diplomacy and therefore essential to affecting
how symbolic America shapes politics across the globe.
Introduction: Slow Anti-Americanism
chapter abstract
While anti-Americanism is typically studied through the lens of "high
politics," this introductory chapter contends that such approaches blind us
to the political dynamics of this important phenomenon. Instead, the
chapter introduces slow anti-Americanism, which takes better stock of the
phenomenon. The chapter shows that attention to the symbolic power of
"America" allows us to view how social and political mobilizers use
changing symbolic raw material to further their goals. It emphasizes that
changes to symbolic America may occur slowly, leaving resonant social
meanings in their wake. Such meanings can be quarried by future generations
for political benefit. The chapter previews how the Central Asian cases
provide new analytic traction on a complex problem.
1America's Changing Image
chapter abstract
This chapter traces how images of the United States changed in the Central
Asian region from the Soviet period into the post-Soviet period. Setting
the stage for the discussion of social movements that follows, this chapter
makes three points. First, Central Asia's initial imaginings of the United
States were the product of the Soviet period, and symbolic America for
Central Asians was similar to what it was for other Soviet citizens-an
ambiguous cluster of polyvalent but resonant images. Second, after an
initial post-Soviet period of being overwhelmed by positive images of the
United States, Central Asian opinions of the US declined. This downward
trend occurred less because of concrete changes to US policy than because
of the slow-moving processes of sedimentation. Third, because images of the
United States had multiplied and diversified, a wider range of images
became available for social mobilizers. They would be the symbolic raw
material for Central Asia's social movements to use in the 2000's and
beyond.
2Islamist Trajectories
chapter abstract
This chapter traces the arcs of Islamist mobilizers. First, it introduces a
plural understanding of Islamism, recognizing that whatever theological
consensus the pious might seek, real-world contexts witness a striking
variety of ways that religion and politics intersect. Second, the chapter
highlights the rise of Islamic piety since the Soviet collapse, arguing
against a simplistic notion that greater piety necessarily produces a
politics inflected by religion. Finally, the chapter details how three
Islamist movements-Hizb ut-Tahrir, the Islamic Renaissance Party of
Tajikistan, and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan-use the changing
American image. The examples underscore that, while America's image matters
in Central Asia, how precisely its significance becomes political depends
on image-making efforts at play in each movement.
3Human Rights Trajectories
chapter abstract
This chapter traces the arcs of human rights activism in Central Asia. It
argues that the post-9/11 securitization of US foreign policy indeed did
complicate the pursuit of a human-rights agenda but in complex way. This
chapter uses the extended example of Kyrgyzstan and its two "revolutions"
in 2005 and 2010 to highlight how the shift to symbolic America had a
different impact, depending on whether activism was classic street protests
or via professional rule-of-law advocacy.
4Labor, Disorganized
chapter abstract
This chapter takes stock of a third and final type of activism: labor. By
all appearances, labor was in a position to take full advantage of shifts
to symbolic America. In Central Asia, as across post-socialist space more
generally, societies had experienced dramatic macro-economic contraction
and massive dislocation in the aftermath of the Soviet collapse.
Once-robust and explicit labor protections were quickly dismantled or
hollowed out. Ordinary people suffered greatly, and labor-the notional
cornerstone of state socialism-had ample grievances. Yet, while labor
activists in Central Asia were well aware of the United States and its
symbolic power, they did not avail themselves of the opportunity to use
symbolic America in their framing efforts. This chapter explores the impact
of this missed opportunity.
Conclusion: Shaping the Slow Politics of Anti-Americanism
chapter abstract
This conclusion first recaps the arcs of Central Asian social mobilization
and highlights how slow anti-Americanism helped to shake the political
terrain across the region. It then turns to policy-relevant questions. What
changes might shape how symbolic America affects global publics and global
politics? While policymakers pay attention to the substance of their
policies and sometimes pay attention to communicating their policies, they
rarely concern themselves with matters of credibility. As research on
framing effects suggests, however, the credibility of the messenger is
crucial to effective public diplomacy and therefore essential to affecting
how symbolic America shapes politics across the globe.
Contents and Abstracts
Introduction: Slow Anti-Americanism
chapter abstract
While anti-Americanism is typically studied through the lens of "high
politics," this introductory chapter contends that such approaches blind us
to the political dynamics of this important phenomenon. Instead, the
chapter introduces slow anti-Americanism, which takes better stock of the
phenomenon. The chapter shows that attention to the symbolic power of
"America" allows us to view how social and political mobilizers use
changing symbolic raw material to further their goals. It emphasizes that
changes to symbolic America may occur slowly, leaving resonant social
meanings in their wake. Such meanings can be quarried by future generations
for political benefit. The chapter previews how the Central Asian cases
provide new analytic traction on a complex problem.
1America's Changing Image
chapter abstract
This chapter traces how images of the United States changed in the Central
Asian region from the Soviet period into the post-Soviet period. Setting
the stage for the discussion of social movements that follows, this chapter
makes three points. First, Central Asia's initial imaginings of the United
States were the product of the Soviet period, and symbolic America for
Central Asians was similar to what it was for other Soviet citizens-an
ambiguous cluster of polyvalent but resonant images. Second, after an
initial post-Soviet period of being overwhelmed by positive images of the
United States, Central Asian opinions of the US declined. This downward
trend occurred less because of concrete changes to US policy than because
of the slow-moving processes of sedimentation. Third, because images of the
United States had multiplied and diversified, a wider range of images
became available for social mobilizers. They would be the symbolic raw
material for Central Asia's social movements to use in the 2000's and
beyond.
2Islamist Trajectories
chapter abstract
This chapter traces the arcs of Islamist mobilizers. First, it introduces a
plural understanding of Islamism, recognizing that whatever theological
consensus the pious might seek, real-world contexts witness a striking
variety of ways that religion and politics intersect. Second, the chapter
highlights the rise of Islamic piety since the Soviet collapse, arguing
against a simplistic notion that greater piety necessarily produces a
politics inflected by religion. Finally, the chapter details how three
Islamist movements-Hizb ut-Tahrir, the Islamic Renaissance Party of
Tajikistan, and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan-use the changing
American image. The examples underscore that, while America's image matters
in Central Asia, how precisely its significance becomes political depends
on image-making efforts at play in each movement.
3Human Rights Trajectories
chapter abstract
This chapter traces the arcs of human rights activism in Central Asia. It
argues that the post-9/11 securitization of US foreign policy indeed did
complicate the pursuit of a human-rights agenda but in complex way. This
chapter uses the extended example of Kyrgyzstan and its two "revolutions"
in 2005 and 2010 to highlight how the shift to symbolic America had a
different impact, depending on whether activism was classic street protests
or via professional rule-of-law advocacy.
4Labor, Disorganized
chapter abstract
This chapter takes stock of a third and final type of activism: labor. By
all appearances, labor was in a position to take full advantage of shifts
to symbolic America. In Central Asia, as across post-socialist space more
generally, societies had experienced dramatic macro-economic contraction
and massive dislocation in the aftermath of the Soviet collapse.
Once-robust and explicit labor protections were quickly dismantled or
hollowed out. Ordinary people suffered greatly, and labor-the notional
cornerstone of state socialism-had ample grievances. Yet, while labor
activists in Central Asia were well aware of the United States and its
symbolic power, they did not avail themselves of the opportunity to use
symbolic America in their framing efforts. This chapter explores the impact
of this missed opportunity.
Conclusion: Shaping the Slow Politics of Anti-Americanism
chapter abstract
This conclusion first recaps the arcs of Central Asian social mobilization
and highlights how slow anti-Americanism helped to shake the political
terrain across the region. It then turns to policy-relevant questions. What
changes might shape how symbolic America affects global publics and global
politics? While policymakers pay attention to the substance of their
policies and sometimes pay attention to communicating their policies, they
rarely concern themselves with matters of credibility. As research on
framing effects suggests, however, the credibility of the messenger is
crucial to effective public diplomacy and therefore essential to affecting
how symbolic America shapes politics across the globe.
Introduction: Slow Anti-Americanism
chapter abstract
While anti-Americanism is typically studied through the lens of "high
politics," this introductory chapter contends that such approaches blind us
to the political dynamics of this important phenomenon. Instead, the
chapter introduces slow anti-Americanism, which takes better stock of the
phenomenon. The chapter shows that attention to the symbolic power of
"America" allows us to view how social and political mobilizers use
changing symbolic raw material to further their goals. It emphasizes that
changes to symbolic America may occur slowly, leaving resonant social
meanings in their wake. Such meanings can be quarried by future generations
for political benefit. The chapter previews how the Central Asian cases
provide new analytic traction on a complex problem.
1America's Changing Image
chapter abstract
This chapter traces how images of the United States changed in the Central
Asian region from the Soviet period into the post-Soviet period. Setting
the stage for the discussion of social movements that follows, this chapter
makes three points. First, Central Asia's initial imaginings of the United
States were the product of the Soviet period, and symbolic America for
Central Asians was similar to what it was for other Soviet citizens-an
ambiguous cluster of polyvalent but resonant images. Second, after an
initial post-Soviet period of being overwhelmed by positive images of the
United States, Central Asian opinions of the US declined. This downward
trend occurred less because of concrete changes to US policy than because
of the slow-moving processes of sedimentation. Third, because images of the
United States had multiplied and diversified, a wider range of images
became available for social mobilizers. They would be the symbolic raw
material for Central Asia's social movements to use in the 2000's and
beyond.
2Islamist Trajectories
chapter abstract
This chapter traces the arcs of Islamist mobilizers. First, it introduces a
plural understanding of Islamism, recognizing that whatever theological
consensus the pious might seek, real-world contexts witness a striking
variety of ways that religion and politics intersect. Second, the chapter
highlights the rise of Islamic piety since the Soviet collapse, arguing
against a simplistic notion that greater piety necessarily produces a
politics inflected by religion. Finally, the chapter details how three
Islamist movements-Hizb ut-Tahrir, the Islamic Renaissance Party of
Tajikistan, and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan-use the changing
American image. The examples underscore that, while America's image matters
in Central Asia, how precisely its significance becomes political depends
on image-making efforts at play in each movement.
3Human Rights Trajectories
chapter abstract
This chapter traces the arcs of human rights activism in Central Asia. It
argues that the post-9/11 securitization of US foreign policy indeed did
complicate the pursuit of a human-rights agenda but in complex way. This
chapter uses the extended example of Kyrgyzstan and its two "revolutions"
in 2005 and 2010 to highlight how the shift to symbolic America had a
different impact, depending on whether activism was classic street protests
or via professional rule-of-law advocacy.
4Labor, Disorganized
chapter abstract
This chapter takes stock of a third and final type of activism: labor. By
all appearances, labor was in a position to take full advantage of shifts
to symbolic America. In Central Asia, as across post-socialist space more
generally, societies had experienced dramatic macro-economic contraction
and massive dislocation in the aftermath of the Soviet collapse.
Once-robust and explicit labor protections were quickly dismantled or
hollowed out. Ordinary people suffered greatly, and labor-the notional
cornerstone of state socialism-had ample grievances. Yet, while labor
activists in Central Asia were well aware of the United States and its
symbolic power, they did not avail themselves of the opportunity to use
symbolic America in their framing efforts. This chapter explores the impact
of this missed opportunity.
Conclusion: Shaping the Slow Politics of Anti-Americanism
chapter abstract
This conclusion first recaps the arcs of Central Asian social mobilization
and highlights how slow anti-Americanism helped to shake the political
terrain across the region. It then turns to policy-relevant questions. What
changes might shape how symbolic America affects global publics and global
politics? While policymakers pay attention to the substance of their
policies and sometimes pay attention to communicating their policies, they
rarely concern themselves with matters of credibility. As research on
framing effects suggests, however, the credibility of the messenger is
crucial to effective public diplomacy and therefore essential to affecting
how symbolic America shapes politics across the globe.