Develops a useful framework for thinking about the American approach to shaping and managing scientific innovation. This book suggests that the history of science, technology, and politics is best understood as a negotiation of ongoing tensions between open and closed systems.
Develops a useful framework for thinking about the American approach to shaping and managing scientific innovation. This book suggests that the history of science, technology, and politics is best understood as a negotiation of ongoing tensions between open and closed systems.
Contents Preface Chapter 1. Introduction: Open Systems Chapter 2. Technology and the Ideology of Free Markets An Open System for the New Republic A National and Open Commercial System. Technological Innovation in "One Great American System" Technology: A Critical Role in Economic Productivity Chapter 3. The Ideologies of Science The Bush Report The Ideology of Science Creating the National Science Foundation: A Closed System at Bay A Partial Victory for The Bush Paradigm: The National Academy of Sciences Chapter 4. The Science and Technology Policy Toolkit General Observations The Toolkit Mission Agencies Intra-mural Laboratories Federally Funded Research and Development Centers National Infrastructure and Regulatory Agencies Targeted Programs. Federal Procurement Policy Priority and Profits: U.S. Patent Policy The Broadened Scope of Patentability Federally Funded Inventions International Harmonization of Patent Laws Chapter 5. Science, Technology and Political Authority Science and Engineering in Federal Courts The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA): Governing by Numbers Scientific and Technical Data under the Freedom of Information Act Reliable Information, Peer Review, and Federal Regulatory Policy Federal Advisory Committees: An Alternate Route to Power Chapter 6. Open Systems in a Digital World Cyberspace As An Open System The First and Fourth Amendments in Cyberspace Freedom of Speech The Fourth Amendment. Federal Regulation of Internet Highways Monopoly Power in the Software Industry Chapter 7. Open Systems in Outer Space Creatures of the Cold War: NASA and U.S. Space Policy A Costly Aberration: Man on the Moon Commercialization: Demobilization by Other Means U.S. Space Policy in the Dawn of the 21st Century Chapter 8. The Crisis in American Health Care Expert Authority Feeding the Leviathan Health Care Reform The Promise and Perils of Biomedicine A $100 Billion Pharmacopoeia and Too Little Flu Vaccine Commercializing Biomedical Research: Open Systems in Conflict Chapter 9. Fossil Fuels and Clean Air Nature as an Open System and the Foundations of U.S. Energy Policy Energy Supply and Demand: Policy and Paradoxes Environmental Policy and the True Costs of Fossil Fuels Chapter 10: Epilogue Appendix: Essay on Sources Notes Index
Contents Preface Chapter 1. Introduction: Open Systems Chapter 2. Technology and the Ideology of Free Markets An Open System for the New Republic A National and Open Commercial System. Technological Innovation in "One Great American System" Technology: A Critical Role in Economic Productivity Chapter 3. The Ideologies of Science The Bush Report The Ideology of Science Creating the National Science Foundation: A Closed System at Bay A Partial Victory for The Bush Paradigm: The National Academy of Sciences Chapter 4. The Science and Technology Policy Toolkit General Observations The Toolkit Mission Agencies Intra-mural Laboratories Federally Funded Research and Development Centers National Infrastructure and Regulatory Agencies Targeted Programs. Federal Procurement Policy Priority and Profits: U.S. Patent Policy The Broadened Scope of Patentability Federally Funded Inventions International Harmonization of Patent Laws Chapter 5. Science, Technology and Political Authority Science and Engineering in Federal Courts The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA): Governing by Numbers Scientific and Technical Data under the Freedom of Information Act Reliable Information, Peer Review, and Federal Regulatory Policy Federal Advisory Committees: An Alternate Route to Power Chapter 6. Open Systems in a Digital World Cyberspace As An Open System The First and Fourth Amendments in Cyberspace Freedom of Speech The Fourth Amendment. Federal Regulation of Internet Highways Monopoly Power in the Software Industry Chapter 7. Open Systems in Outer Space Creatures of the Cold War: NASA and U.S. Space Policy A Costly Aberration: Man on the Moon Commercialization: Demobilization by Other Means U.S. Space Policy in the Dawn of the 21st Century Chapter 8. The Crisis in American Health Care Expert Authority Feeding the Leviathan Health Care Reform The Promise and Perils of Biomedicine A $100 Billion Pharmacopoeia and Too Little Flu Vaccine Commercializing Biomedical Research: Open Systems in Conflict Chapter 9. Fossil Fuels and Clean Air Nature as an Open System and the Foundations of U.S. Energy Policy Energy Supply and Demand: Policy and Paradoxes Environmental Policy and the True Costs of Fossil Fuels Chapter 10: Epilogue Appendix: Essay on Sources Notes Index
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