Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites

Science, Technology, and Applications
Ed. by Galimberti, Maurizio

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The one-stop resource for rubber-clay nanocomposite information

The first comprehensive, single-volume book to compile all the most important data on rubber-clay nanocomposites in one place, Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites: Science, Technology, and Applications reviews rubber-clay nanocomposites in an easy-to-reference format designed for R&D professionals.

Including contributions from experts from North America, Europe, and Asia, the book explores the properties of compounds with rubber-clay nanocomposites, including their rheology, curing kinetics, mechanical properties, and many others.

Rubber-clay nanocomposites are of growing interest to the scientific and technological community, and have been shown to improve rubber compound reinforcement and impermeability. These natural mineral fillers are of potential interest for large-scale applications and are already making an impact in several major fields. Packed with valuable information about the synthesis, processing, and mechanics of these reinforced rubbers, the book covers assorted rubber-clay nanocomposites applications, such as in automotive tires and as polymer fillers.

Promoting common knowledge and interpretation of the most important aspects of rubber-clay nanocomposites, and clarifying the main results achieved in the field of rubbers and crosslinked rubbers--something not covered in other books in the field--Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites helps scientists understand morphology, vulcanization, permeability, processing methods, and characterization factors quickly and easily.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 14556210000
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 632
• Erscheinungstermin: 31. Dezember 2014
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 246mm x 167mm x 37mm
• Gewicht: 1022g
• ISBN-13: 9780470562109
• ISBN-10: 0470562102
• Artikelnr.: 33259949

Autorenporträt

Maurizio Galimberti is a Professor of Chemistry for Rubber and Composite Materials Technology at Milan Polytechnic, Milan, Italy, and a Visiting Professor at University of Insubria, Como, Italy. He is the former president and a current board member of the Italian Association of Macromolecules; has published over seventy scientific works in international books and journals; and is the author of more than forty patents.

Inhaltsangabe

PREFACE xvii CONTRIBUTORS xxi SECTION I CLAYS FOR NANOCOMPOSITES 1 CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS 3 1.1 What's in a Name
3 1.2 Multiscale Organization of Clay Minerals
6 1.3 Intimate Organization of the Layer
8 1.4 Most Relevant Physicochemical Properties of Clay Mineral
22 1.5 Availability of Natural Clays and Synthetic Clay Minerals
33 1.6 Clays and (Modified) Clay Minerals as Fillers
35 Acknowledgment
37 References
37 2 ORGANOPHILIC CLAY MINERALS 45 2.1 Organophilicity
Lipophilicity and the Hydrophilic
Lipophilic Balance (HLB)
45 2.2 From Clays to Organoclays in Polymer Technology
47 2.3 Methods of Organoclay Synthesis
49 2.4 Other Types of Clay Modifications for Clay-Based Nanomaterials
66 2.5 Fine-Tuning of Organoclays Properties
69 of Surfactant
CEC Ratio
69 2.6 Some Introductory Reflections on Organoclay Polymer Nanocomposites
72 References
75 3 INDUSTRIAL TREATMENTS AND MODIFICATION OF CLAY MINERALS 87 3.1 Bentonite: From Mine to Plant
87 3.2 Processing of Bentonite
90 3.3 Purification of Clay
93 3.4 Reaction of Clay with Organic Substances
97 3.5 Particle Size Modification
99 References
99 4 ALKYLAMMONIUM CHAINS ON LAYERED CLAY MINERAL SURFACES 101 4.1 Structure and Dynamics
101 4.2 Thermal Properties
111 4.3 Layer Separation and Miscibility with Polymers
115 4.4 Mechanical Properties of Clay Minerals
121 References
123 5 CHEMISTRY OF RUBBER-ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES 127 5.1 Introduction
127 5.2 Organic Cation Decomposition in Salts, Organoclays and Polymer Nanocomposites
128 5.3 Mechanism of Thermal Decomposition of Organoclays
135 5.4 Role of Organic Cations in Organoclays as Rubber Vulcanization Activators
137 References
141 SECTION II PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES 6 PROCESSING METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES 147 6.1 Introduction
147 6.2 Latex Compounding Method
148 6.3 Melt Compounding
157 6.4 Solution Intercalation and In Situ Polymerization Intercalation
170 6.5 Summary and Prospect
170 Acknowledgment
171 References
171 7 MORPHOLOGY OF RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES 181 7.1 Introduction
181 7.2 Background for the Review of RCN Morphology
182 7.3 Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites with Pristine Clays
186 7.4 Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites with Clays Modified with Primary Alkenylamines
197 7.5 Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites with Clays Modified with an Ammonium Cation Having three Methyls and One Long-Chain Alkenyl Substituents
206 7.6 Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites with Montmorillonite Modified with Two Substituents Larger Than Methyl
212 7.7 Rubber Composites with Montmorillonite Modified with an Ammonium Cation Containing a Polar Group
215 7.8 Rubber Nanocomposites with Montmorillonite Modified with an Ammonium Cation Containing Two Long-Chain Alkenyl Substituents
219 7.9 Proposed Mechanisms for the Formation of Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites
228 Abbreviations
232 Acknowledgment
233 References
233 8 RHEOLOGY OF RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES 241 8.1 Introduction
241 8.2 Rheological Behavior of Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites
242 8.3 General Remarks on Rheology of Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites
263 8.4 Overview of Rheological Theories of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites
269 8.5 Conclusion and Outlook
270 References
271 9 VULCANIZATION CHARACTERISTICS AND CURING KINETIC OF RUBBER-ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES 275 9.1 Introduction
275 9.2 Vulcanization Reaction
276 9.3 Rubber Cross-Linking Systems
278 9.4 The Role of Organoclay on Vulcanization Reaction
283 9.5 Vulcanization Kinetics of Rubber-Organoclay Nanocomposites
290 9.6 Conclusions
297 References
298 10 MECHANICAL AND FRACTURE MECHANICS PROPERTIES OF RUBBER COMPOSITIONS WITH REINFORCING COMPONENTS 305 10.1 Introduction
305 10.2 Testing of Viscoelastic and Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Elastomeric Materials
307 10.3 Characterization of the Fracture Behavior of Elastomers
319 10.4 Mechanism of Reinforcement in Rubber-Clay Composites
328 10.5 Theories and Modeling of Reinforcement
333 Acknowledgment
336 References
336 11 PERMEABILITY OF RUBBER COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING CLAY 343 11.1 Introduction
343 11.2 Nanocomposites
346 11.3 Preparation of Elastomer Nanocomposites
352 11.4 Temperature and Compound Permeability
352 11.5 Vulcanization of Nanocomposite Compounds and Permeability
356 11.6 Thermodynamics and BIMSM Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
358 11.7 Nanocomposites and Tire Performance
362 11.8 Summary
364 References
364 SECTION III COMPOUNDS WITH RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES 12 RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON APOLAR DIENE RUBBER 369 12.1 Introduction
369 12.2 Preparation Methods
371 12.3 Cure Characteristics
377 12.4 Clay Dispersion
379 12.5 Properties
387 12.6 Applications and Future Trends
398 Acknowledgment
399 References
399 13 RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON NITRILE RUBBER 409 13.1 Introduction
409 13.2 Preparation Methods and Clay Dispersion
410 13.3 Cure Characteristics
414 13.4 Properties
416 13.5 Outlook
425 Acknowledgment
426 References
426 xii CONTENTS FOR SCREEN VIEWING IN DART ONLY 14 RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON BUTYL AND HALOBUTYL RUBBERS 431 14.1 Introduction
431 and Applications
431 14.2 Types of Clays Useful in Butyl Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites
435 14.3 Compatibilizer Systems for Butyl Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites
438 14.4 Methods of Preparation of Butyl Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites
444 14.5 Properties and Applications of Butyl Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites
449 14.6 Conclusions
457 References
458 15 RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON OLEFINIC RUBBERS (EPM, EPDM) 465 15.1 Introduction
465 15.2 Types of Clay Minerals Useful in EPM-, EPDM-Clay Nanocomposites
466 15.3 Compatibilizer Systems for Olefinic Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites
467 15.4 Preparation of EPDM-Clay Nanocomposites by an In Situ Intercalation Method
469 15.5 Characteristics of EPDM-Clay Nanocomposites
473 15.6 Preparation and Characteristics of EPM-Clay Nanocomposites
479 15.7 Conclusions
486 References
486 16 RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 489 16.1 Introduction
489 16.2 Selection of Materials
491 16.3 Experimental
493 16.4 Numerical
497 16.5 Discussion of Results
501 16.6 Summary and Conclusions
516 16.7 Nomenclature
517 Acknowledgments
518 References
518 SECTION IV APPLICATIONS OF RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES 17 AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS OF RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES 525 17.1 Introduction
525 17.2 Automotive Application of Rubber
526 17.3 Prime Requirement of Different Elastomeric Auto Components from Application Point of View
531 17.4 Elastomeric Nanocomposites and Rubber Industry
531 17.5 Superiority of Clay
Clay Mineral in Comparison to Other Nanofillers
534 17.6 Organo-Modified Clay
Clay Minerals
534 17.7 Scope of Application of Elastomeric Nanocomposites in Automotive Industry
534 17.8 Disadvantages of Use of Organoclay Elastomeric Nanocomposites in Automotive Industry
548 17.9 Conclusion
549 Acknowledgment
550 References
550 18 NONAUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS OF RUBBER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES 557 18.1 Water-Based Nanocomposites
557 18.2 Applications
566 References
573 INDEX 575