Public Universities and Regional Growth

Insights from the University of California
Herausgeber: Kenney, Martin; Mowery, David C

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Martin Kenney is Professor of Community and Regional Development at the University of California at Davis and Senior Project Director at the Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy. He is the Editor of the Stanford University Press Innovation and Technology in the World Economy series.David C. Mowery is William A. & Betty H. Hasler Professor Emeritus of New Enterprise Development at the Walter A. Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley. He is co-author of Ivory Tower and Industrial Innovation.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Stanford University Press
• Seitenzahl: 272
• Erscheinungstermin: 18. Juni 2014
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 226mm x 152mm x 18mm
• Gewicht: 358g
• ISBN-13: 9780804791359
• ISBN-10: 080479135X
• Artikelnr.: 40454757

Autorenporträt

Martin Kenney is Professor of Community and Regional Development at the University of California at Davis and Senior Project Director at the Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy. He is the Editor of the Stanford University Press Innovation and Technology in the World Economy series. David C. Mowery is William A. & Betty H. Hasler Professor Emeritus of New Enterprise Development at the Walter A. Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley. He is co-author of Ivory Tower and Industrial Innovation.

Inhaltsangabe

Public Universities and Regional Growth: Insights from the University of
California
Author(s): Edited by Martin Kenney and David C. Mowery
book abstract
This volume examines the evolution of university-industry relationships in
research and innovation at six campuses of the University of California
system, ranging from viticulture to computer science. This collection of
studies enriches our understanding of the dynamics of university-industry
relationships and regional economic development. Each chapter contains a
historical analysis of the evolution of academic and industrial research,
innovation, and regional development in specific research fields. The
chapters provide a richer characterization of the bidirectional flow of
individuals, ideas, and resources between industrial and academic research
and innovation than appears in empirical analyses that rely on patenting,
article citations, and licensing. The book's discussion of
university-industry interactions at a leading public U.S. research
university system adds to the literature on such private U.S. universities
as Stanford and MIT and illustrates the heterogeneous relationships that
have evolved at different UC campuses. The coverage of research fields is
broader than recent historical studies, many of which have concentrated
primarily on biotechnology or the life sciences generally.
1Introduction
chapter abstract
This volume examines the evolution of university-industry relationships in
research and innovation at six campuses of the University of California
system, ranging from viticulture to computer science. This collection of
studies enriches our understanding of the dynamics of university-industry
relationships and regional economic development in several ways. First,
each chapter relies on historical analysis of the evolution of academic and
industrial research, innovation, and regional development in specific
fields of research. This provides a richer characterization of the
interactive relationship between industrial and academic research and
innovation than appears in many empirical analyses that focus mainly on
patenting, article citations, and licensing. Second, the coverage of
research fields is broader than recent historical studies, many of which
have concentrated primarily on biotechnology or the life sciences
generally. The cases illustrate the bidirectional nature of much technology
transfer.
2Semiconductor Innovation and Entrepreneurship at Three University of
California Campuses
chapter abstract
UC Berkeley, UCLA, and UC Santa Barbara developed close relations with
California-based semiconductor corporations. The solid state electronics
program at UC Berkeley grew in close contact with semiconductor firms in
Silicon Valley and contributed new and often successful start-ups, as well
as a considerable amount of technology, know-how, and engineering talent to
this high-tech cluster. Engineers working on semiconductors at UCLA drew on
the resources offered by large defense corporations located in Southern
California and established a major fabless firm, Broadcom, specializing in
broadband microchips. Finally, the compound semiconductor specialists at UC
Santa Barbara benefited from the presence of Hughes in the area. They later
established innovative start-ups focusing on lasers and light-emitting
diodes in their region and in Silicon Valley.
3The University of California and the Evolution of the Biotechnology
Industry in San Diego and the San Francisco Bay Area
chapter abstract
Biotechnology has emerged as a leading high-technology industry within the
state of California. The origins and growth of biotechnology in California
are strongly tied to the University of California (UC). This chapter
examines the early history of biotechnology in the San Francisco and San
Diego regions, exploring commercialization processes linking UC San
Francisco and UC San Diego to an early company in each cluster, Genentech
and Hybritech, respectively. The chapter argues that different patterns of
university-industry relationships that emerged within these early firms
affected the development of their respective biotechnology clusters,
creating important differences in each region in both the dominant
corporate strategies of biotechnology firms and the orientation of ties
linking universities and firms.
4Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at UC Berkeley and in the
Silicon Valley: Modes of Regional Engagement
chapter abstract
This chapter uses a historical perspective to examine the relationships
that the EE&CS program at UC Berkeley developed with firms in the region.
The chapter demonstrates the complex and bidirectional interaction between
UCB and regional firms. We demonstrate that people and ideas moved from
industry to the university and vice versa. Industry researchers contributed
to UCB in a variety of capacities including as instructors, professors, and
graduate students took sabbaticals at firms, and students accepted
positions in firms. Intellectual property circulated in both directions as
industry researchers contributed ideas, software, and equipment to
university projects and university researchers assisted firms. UC
researchers were integral in forming a number of regional firms that
commercialized their research results. There was little evidence that the
formal channels of technology transfer such as patenting and licensing were
significant in the interaction between university researchers and local
firms.
5Serendipity and Symbiosis: UC San Diego and the Local Wireless Industry
chapter abstract
Military contracts for advanced communications research fueled early
wireless company development in the San Diego region. A serendipitous but
crucial role was played by a young associate professor recently arrived at
UCSD from MIT. Irwin Jacobs cofounded the consulting company Linkabit,
which grew rapidly and seeded a regional wireless cluster after it was
acquired. It also was the source of the core team that developed Qualcomm,
one of the world's largest and most successful communications firms. This
chapter documents the critical roles played by University Extension and the
Division of Engineering in developing the advanced engineering skills
needed by the regional wireless industry that relied on the newly developed
CDMA technology. It also documents how a wide range of collaborative basic
and applied research centers have developed over time between UCSD and the
robust wireless cluster in the San Diego region.
6University in a Garage: Instrumentation and Innovation in and around UC
Santa Barbara
chapter abstract
Santa Barbara hosts several clusters of small high-tech firms, including in
materials, software, environmental technologies, and nanotechnology
instrumentation. This chapter traces the roots of the instrumentation
cluster back to the financial and cultural crises afflicting many American
research universities, including UCSB, in the 1970s. To maintain its
graduate program, the UCSB Physics Department created a master's of
scientific instrumentation degree, which brought in paying students who
built experimental tools for faculty members. These master's students also
provided personnel and expertise for a series of start-up companies founded
by Virgil Elings and other faculty members associated with the master's
program. Elings's most successful start-up, Digital Instruments, dominated
the market in scanning probe microscopes, an important tool for
nanoscience. Digital's merger with an East Coast company in 1999 then led
many employees to form their own start-ups, giving rise to Santa Barbara's
nanoinstrumentation cluster.
7"We Are Both Hosts": Napa Valley, UC Davis, and the Search for Quality
chapter abstract
Scientists at UC Davis and Napa Valley winemakers have enjoyed a wide range
of beneficial reciprocal interactions from the late 1940s through the
present. This chapter examines four strands of the relationship:
viticultural and enological research conducted in Napa by UC scientists
that yielded improved practices; the importance of Davis's undergraduate
and graduate instruction in providing trained winemakers and
viticulturists; UC Cooperative Extension viticultural farm advisors, who
helped transfer improved technology and practices, whether developed at
Davis or elsewhere; and the continuing education offered to California
winemakers by UC Davis Extension, which allowed them to upgrade their
skills. The early and continued adoption of UC-based research and practice
by UC-trained enologists and viticulturists, when combined with the Napa
Valley's natural environment, has made Napa the best-known (and
highest-priced) wine producing area in the United States and stimulated a
regional economy based on grape and wine production.