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This set of review articles is the result of an international Workshop on Gravity focused on the various attempts to check the role of General Relativity in Gravity by measurements in space. The data on Gravitomagnetism are central in this discussion, in particular the results of the Gravity Probe B 'null-experiment', which has measured the Lense-Thirring effect in orbit around the Earth. In addition, the data derived from observations of astrophysical systems as well as laser ranging of Earth-orbiting satellites play an important role.
Tests of possible violations of Newton's inverse-square law and the equivalence principle are discussed. The book further addresses the question of constancy of the fundamental physical quantities and constraints on gravitational theory from cosmological observations, quantum gravity, and Grand Unified Theory. In this context, emphasis is placed on the assessment of uncertainty: to what extent are high-accuracy measurements in space possible?
This volume is aimed at researchers and graduate students working on gravitational theory, general relativity, cosmology and string theory.
Observing our Universe and its evolution with ever increasing sensitivity from ground-based or space-borne telescopes is posing great challenges to Fundamental Physics and Astronomy. The remnant cosmic microwave background, as beautifully measured by successive space missions COBE, WMAP, and now PLANCK, provides a unique probe of the very early stages of our Universe. The red-shift of atomic lines in distant galaxies, the dynamics of pulsars, the large scale structure of galaxies, and black holes are a few manifestations of the theory of General Relativity. Yet, today, we understand only 4% of the mass of our Universe, the rest being called dark energy and dark matter, both of unknown origin! A second family of space missions is currently emerging; rather than designing ever more re nedobservationalinstruments,physicistsandengineersseekalsotousethespaceenvironment to perform high-precision tests of the fundamental laws of physics. The technology required for such tests has becomeavailable only over the course of the last decades. Clocks of high accuracy are an example. They are based on advances in atomic and laser physics, such as cold atoms, enabling a new generation of highly sensitive quantum sensors for ground and space experiments. Two experiments in space have now tested Einstein's relativity theory: - Several decades ago, Gravity Probe A con rmed the accuracy of the gravitational red-shift ?5 according to general relativity to a level of 7× 10 [R. F. C. Vessot et al. , Test of Relativistic Gravitation with a Space-Borne Hydrogen Maser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 2081-2084 (1980)].
Tests of possible violations of Newton's inverse-square law and the equivalence principle are discussed. The book further addresses the question of constancy of the fundamental physical quantities and constraints on gravitational theory from cosmological observations, quantum gravity, and Grand Unified Theory. In this context, emphasis is placed on the assessment of uncertainty: to what extent are high-accuracy measurements in space possible?
This volume is aimed at researchers and graduate students working on gravitational theory, general relativity, cosmology and string theory.
Observing our Universe and its evolution with ever increasing sensitivity from ground-based or space-borne telescopes is posing great challenges to Fundamental Physics and Astronomy. The remnant cosmic microwave background, as beautifully measured by successive space missions COBE, WMAP, and now PLANCK, provides a unique probe of the very early stages of our Universe. The red-shift of atomic lines in distant galaxies, the dynamics of pulsars, the large scale structure of galaxies, and black holes are a few manifestations of the theory of General Relativity. Yet, today, we understand only 4% of the mass of our Universe, the rest being called dark energy and dark matter, both of unknown origin! A second family of space missions is currently emerging; rather than designing ever more re nedobservationalinstruments,physicistsandengineersseekalsotousethespaceenvironment to perform high-precision tests of the fundamental laws of physics. The technology required for such tests has becomeavailable only over the course of the last decades. Clocks of high accuracy are an example. They are based on advances in atomic and laser physics, such as cold atoms, enabling a new generation of highly sensitive quantum sensors for ground and space experiments. Two experiments in space have now tested Einstein's relativity theory: - Several decades ago, Gravity Probe A con rmed the accuracy of the gravitational red-shift ?5 according to general relativity to a level of 7× 10 [R. F. C. Vessot et al. , Test of Relativistic Gravitation with a Space-Borne Hydrogen Maser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 2081-2084 (1980)].