In this book Michels analyzes the tendencies that oppose the realization of democracy, and claims that these tendencies can be classified in three ways: dependence upon the nature of the individual; dependence upon the nature of the political structure; and dependence upon the nature of organization. This edition, described by Morris Janowitz as a "classic of modern social science" and by Melvin Tumin as "the beginning of a tradition", offers a landmark study in political science. Following its original publication in 1910, the study and analysis of political parties was established as a new…mehr
In this book Michels analyzes the tendencies that oppose the realization of democracy, and claims that these tendencies can be classified in three ways: dependence upon the nature of the individual; dependence upon the nature of the political structure; and dependence upon the nature of organization. This edition, described by Morris Janowitz as a "classic of modern social science" and by Melvin Tumin as "the beginning of a tradition", offers a landmark study in political science. Following its original publication in 1910, the study and analysis of political parties was established as a new branch of science. Political Parties continues to be a foundation work in the literature and is a necessary addition to the libraries of contemporary political scientists, sociologists, and historians.
Introduction Causes of Leadership: Introductory-The Need for Organization 2: A. Technical and Administrative Causes of Leadership: Mechanical and Technical Impossibility of Direct Government by the Masses 3: A. Technical and Administrative Causes of Leadership: The Modern Democratic Party as a Fighting Party, Dominated by Militarist Ideas and Methods 1: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: The Establishment of a Customary Right to the Office of Delegate 2: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: The Need for Leadership Felt by the Mass 3: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: The Political Gratitude of the Masses 4: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: The Cult of Veneration Among the Masses 5: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: Acessory Qualities Requisite to Leadership 6: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: Accessory Peculiarities of the Masses 1: C. Intellectual Factors: Superiority of the Professional Leaders in Respect to Culture, and Their Indispensa-bility the Formal and Real Incompetence of the Mass Two: Autocratic Tendencies of Leaders 1: The Stability of Leadership 2: The Financial Power of the Leaders and of the Party 3: The Leaders and the Press 4: The Position of the Leaders in Relation to the Masses in Actual Practice 5: The Struggle Between the Leaders and the Masses 6: The Struggle Among the Leaders Themselves 7: Bureaucracy. Centralizing and Decentralizing Tendencies Three: The Exercise of Power and Its Psychological Reaction upon the Leaders 1: Psychological Metamorphosis of the Leaders 2: Bonapartist Ideology 3: Identification of the Party with the Leader ("Le Parti c'est Moi") Four: Social Analysis of Leadership 1: Introductory. The Class Struggle and Its Disintegrating Influence upon the Bourgeoisie 2: Analysis of the Bourgeois Elements in the Socialist Leadership 3: Social Changes Resulting from Organization 4: The Need for the Differentiation of the Working Class 5: Labor Leaders of Proletarian Origin 6: Intellectuals, and the Need for Them in the Working-Class Parties Five: Attempts to Restrict the Influence of the Leaders 1: The Referendum 2: The Postulate of Renunciation 3: Syndicalism as Prophylactic 4: Anarchism as Prophylactic Six: Synthesis: The Oligarchical Tendencies of Organization 1: The Conservative Basis of Organization 2: Democracy and the Iron Law of Oligarchy 3: Party-Life in War-Time 4: Final Considerations
Introduction Causes of Leadership: Introductory-The Need for Organization 2: A. Technical and Administrative Causes of Leadership: Mechanical and Technical Impossibility of Direct Government by the Masses 3: A. Technical and Administrative Causes of Leadership: The Modern Democratic Party as a Fighting Party, Dominated by Militarist Ideas and Methods 1: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: The Establishment of a Customary Right to the Office of Delegate 2: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: The Need for Leadership Felt by the Mass 3: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: The Political Gratitude of the Masses 4: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: The Cult of Veneration Among the Masses 5: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: Acessory Qualities Requisite to Leadership 6: B. Psychological Causes of Leadership: Accessory Peculiarities of the Masses 1: C. Intellectual Factors: Superiority of the Professional Leaders in Respect to Culture, and Their Indispensa-bility the Formal and Real Incompetence of the Mass Two: Autocratic Tendencies of Leaders 1: The Stability of Leadership 2: The Financial Power of the Leaders and of the Party 3: The Leaders and the Press 4: The Position of the Leaders in Relation to the Masses in Actual Practice 5: The Struggle Between the Leaders and the Masses 6: The Struggle Among the Leaders Themselves 7: Bureaucracy. Centralizing and Decentralizing Tendencies Three: The Exercise of Power and Its Psychological Reaction upon the Leaders 1: Psychological Metamorphosis of the Leaders 2: Bonapartist Ideology 3: Identification of the Party with the Leader ("Le Parti c'est Moi") Four: Social Analysis of Leadership 1: Introductory. The Class Struggle and Its Disintegrating Influence upon the Bourgeoisie 2: Analysis of the Bourgeois Elements in the Socialist Leadership 3: Social Changes Resulting from Organization 4: The Need for the Differentiation of the Working Class 5: Labor Leaders of Proletarian Origin 6: Intellectuals, and the Need for Them in the Working-Class Parties Five: Attempts to Restrict the Influence of the Leaders 1: The Referendum 2: The Postulate of Renunciation 3: Syndicalism as Prophylactic 4: Anarchism as Prophylactic Six: Synthesis: The Oligarchical Tendencies of Organization 1: The Conservative Basis of Organization 2: Democracy and the Iron Law of Oligarchy 3: Party-Life in War-Time 4: Final Considerations
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