"From a neurologist whose work offers one of the most promising paths to unraveling the mystery of consciousness, an exploration of consciousness unlike any other. Somehow our soul, our consciousness, our world, all is generated by what's inside our skull. This is the essential question of neurology. Consciousness cannot just rest inside the shroud of science, because consciousness is more than an object of science: it is its subject, too. In PHI, we follow an old scientist, Galileo, on a journey in search of consciousness. Galileo once wrote "concerning sensation and the things that pertain…mehr
"From a neurologist whose work offers one of the most promising paths to unraveling the mystery of consciousness, an exploration of consciousness unlike any other. Somehow our soul, our consciousness, our world, all is generated by what's inside our skull. This is the essential question of neurology. Consciousness cannot just rest inside the shroud of science, because consciousness is more than an object of science: it is its subject, too. In PHI, we follow an old scientist, Galileo, on a journey in search of consciousness. Galileo once wrote "concerning sensation and the things that pertain to it, I claim to understand but little"--so he chose to remove the observer from nature, and now his investigation requires its return. Galileo's journey has three parts, each with a different guide: in the first, accompanied by a scientist who resembles Francis Crick, he learns why certain parts of the brain are important and not others and why consciousness fades with sleep. In the second part, when his companion seems to be Alturi (Galileo is hard of hearing, so doesn't properly hear his companion's name--Turing), he sees how the facts we have might be unified into a theory of consciousness. In the third part, accompanied by another master of scientific observation, he muses on how consciousness is an evolving, developing, ever deepening awareness of ourselves in history, culture"--
Giulio Tononi is a professor of psychiatry, the David P. White Professor of Sleep Medicine, and the Distinguished Chair in Consciousness Science at the University of Wisconsin. In addition to the major scientific journals, his work has appeared in New Scientist, Science Daily, and Scientific American . His research has been the subject of articles in The New York Times and The Economist. He is the coauthor, with Nobel laureate Gerald Edelman, of A Universe of Consciousness.
Inhaltsangabe
CONTENTS Preface Prologue 1 The Dream of Galileo
Part I: EVIDENCE: Experiments of Nature
2 Introduction Displacements
3 Cerebrum In which is shown that the corticothalamic system generates consciousness
4 Cerebellum In which is shown that the cerebellum, while having more neurons than the cerebrum, does not generate consciousness
5 Two Blind Painters In which is shown that sensory inputs and pathways are not necessary for consciousness
6 A Brain Locked In In which is shown that motor outputs and pathways are not necessary for consciousness, nor are they sufficient
7 Empress Without Memory In which is shown that many brain circuits that help us see, hear, remember, speak, and act are not necessary for consciousness
8 A Brain Split In which is shown that consciousness is divided if the brain is split
9 A Brain Conflicted In which is said that consciousness can split if different regions of the brain refuse to talk to each other
10 A Brain Possessed In which is shown that when cortical neurons fire strongly and synchronously, as during certain seizures, consciousness fades
11 A Brain Asleep In which is shown that when cortical neurons can be on and off only together, as during dreamless sleep, consciousness fades
Part II: THEORY: Experiments of Thought
12 Introduction The Enigma of Consciousness
13 Galileo and the Photodiode In which is shown that the humble photodiode can tell light from dark as well as Galileo
14 Information: The Manifold Repertoire In which is shown that the repertoire of possible experiences is as large as one can imagine
15 Galileo and the Camera In which is shown that the sensor of a digital camera has a large repertoire of possible states, perhaps larger than Galileo’s
16 Integrated Information: The Many and the One In which is shown that consciousness lives where information is integrated by a single entity above and beyond its parts
17 Galileo and the Bat In which is feared that the quality of experience cannot be derived from matter
18 Seeing Dark (Deconstructing Darkness) In which is said that darkness does not exist in a void but requires a context
19 The Meaning of Dark (Constructing Darkness) In which is shown that darkness is built of many nested mechanisms that specify what it is not
20 The Palace of Light In which is shown that an experience is a shape made of integrated information
21 The Garden of Qualia In which is said that the universe is mostly dark, but the largest stars are closer than one thinks, if they are looked at with the proper instrument
Part III: IMPLICATIONS: A Universe of Consciousness
22 Introduction Sparks and Flames
23 Nightfall I: Death In which is said that, if consciousness is integrated information, it dissolves with death
24 Nightfall II: Dementia In which is said that consciousness disintegrates with dementia
25 Nightfall III: Dolor In which is said that, if the quality of consciousness is a shape made of integrated information, it can be turned into the only real and eternal Hell
26 Twilight I: Consciousness Diminished In which is said that consciousness can be present in the absence of language and reflection
27 Twilight II: Consciousness Evolving In which is said that animals are conscious, too
28 Twilight III: Consciousness Developing In which is said that consciousness must be present, to some degree, even before birth
29 Daylight I: Consciousness Exploring In which is said that, by investigating nature, new qualia are discovered
30 Daylight II: Consciousness Imagining In which is said that art and imagination invent new shapes within the mind
31 Daylight III: Consciousness Growing In which is said that, by growing consciousness, the universe comes more into being, the synthesis of one and many
3 Cerebrum In which is shown that the corticothalamic system generates consciousness
4 Cerebellum In which is shown that the cerebellum, while having more neurons than the cerebrum, does not generate consciousness
5 Two Blind Painters In which is shown that sensory inputs and pathways are not necessary for consciousness
6 A Brain Locked In In which is shown that motor outputs and pathways are not necessary for consciousness, nor are they sufficient
7 Empress Without Memory In which is shown that many brain circuits that help us see, hear, remember, speak, and act are not necessary for consciousness
8 A Brain Split In which is shown that consciousness is divided if the brain is split
9 A Brain Conflicted In which is said that consciousness can split if different regions of the brain refuse to talk to each other
10 A Brain Possessed In which is shown that when cortical neurons fire strongly and synchronously, as during certain seizures, consciousness fades
11 A Brain Asleep In which is shown that when cortical neurons can be on and off only together, as during dreamless sleep, consciousness fades
Part II: THEORY: Experiments of Thought
12 Introduction The Enigma of Consciousness
13 Galileo and the Photodiode In which is shown that the humble photodiode can tell light from dark as well as Galileo
14 Information: The Manifold Repertoire In which is shown that the repertoire of possible experiences is as large as one can imagine
15 Galileo and the Camera In which is shown that the sensor of a digital camera has a large repertoire of possible states, perhaps larger than Galileo’s
16 Integrated Information: The Many and the One In which is shown that consciousness lives where information is integrated by a single entity above and beyond its parts
17 Galileo and the Bat In which is feared that the quality of experience cannot be derived from matter
18 Seeing Dark (Deconstructing Darkness) In which is said that darkness does not exist in a void but requires a context
19 The Meaning of Dark (Constructing Darkness) In which is shown that darkness is built of many nested mechanisms that specify what it is not
20 The Palace of Light In which is shown that an experience is a shape made of integrated information
21 The Garden of Qualia In which is said that the universe is mostly dark, but the largest stars are closer than one thinks, if they are looked at with the proper instrument
Part III: IMPLICATIONS: A Universe of Consciousness
22 Introduction Sparks and Flames
23 Nightfall I: Death In which is said that, if consciousness is integrated information, it dissolves with death
24 Nightfall II: Dementia In which is said that consciousness disintegrates with dementia
25 Nightfall III: Dolor In which is said that, if the quality of consciousness is a shape made of integrated information, it can be turned into the only real and eternal Hell
26 Twilight I: Consciousness Diminished In which is said that consciousness can be present in the absence of language and reflection
27 Twilight II: Consciousness Evolving In which is said that animals are conscious, too
28 Twilight III: Consciousness Developing In which is said that consciousness must be present, to some degree, even before birth
29 Daylight I: Consciousness Exploring In which is said that, by investigating nature, new qualia are discovered
30 Daylight II: Consciousness Imagining In which is said that art and imagination invent new shapes within the mind
31 Daylight III: Consciousness Growing In which is said that, by growing consciousness, the universe comes more into being, the synthesis of one and many
32 Epilogue Three Late Dreams
33 Afterthoughts Study Questions
Acknowledgments Illustration Credits
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