Zaki Ullah, Muhammad Saeed

Pakistani Naswar - The cheapest risk factor for cancer

Assessment of Potential Toxicity of Oral Tobacco Product - Naswar - Available on the Pakistani Market

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Naswar is a Smokeless Tobacco Product (STP) widely used in Pakistan. It has been correlated with oral and esophageal cancer in recent clinical studies. The toxic effects associated with S.T.P have been associated with trace level contaminants present in these products. That is why toxin level of Pakistani Naswar is reported for the first time in this study. Thirty Pakistani brands of Naswar were tested for a variety of toxic constituents and carcinogens such as cadmium, arsenic, lead and other carcinogenic metals; nitrite and nitrate; and nicotine and pH. The average values of all the toxins studied were well above their allowable limits, making the product a health risk for its consumers. Calculated life time cancer risk is well above the minimum target range for potentially hazardous substances.This study shows that the production, packaging, sale and consumption of Naswar should be regulated, and the general public be made aware of its harmful effects, so that to protect them from the health hazards associated with its consumption.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
• Aufl.
• Seitenzahl: 140
• Erscheinungstermin: 22. Dezember 2011
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 220mm x 150mm x 9mm
• Gewicht: 227g
• ISBN-13: 9783847324485
• ISBN-10: 3847324489
• Artikelnr.: 34726203

Autorenporträt

The author has done his Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D) degree from Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. He has also completed M. Phil in Pharmaceutical Sciences , and is pursuing Ph.D Degree in Clinical Pharmacy from the same Department. He is also working as a Lecturer in the same Department since 2008.