Andrew L. Russell is an Assistant Professor of History and the Director of the Program in Science and Technology Studies in the College of Arts and Letters at the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey. Before arriving at Stevens, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow in Duke University's John Hope Franklin Humanities Institute. Russell earned his PhD from The Johns Hopkins University (2007), MA from the University of Colorado, Boulder (2003), and BA from Vassar College, New York (1996). He has published in journals such as IEEE Annals of Computing, Enterprise and Society, and Information and Culture, and has been awarded fellowships from the Charles Babbage Institute, the Association for Computing Machinery, the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and the American Society for Information Science and Technology.
Inhaltsangabe
1. Introduction 2. Ideological origins of open standards I: telegraph and engineering standards, 1860s-1900s 3. Ideological origins of open standards II: American standards, 1910s-30s 4. Standardization and the monopoly Bell System, 1880s-1930s 5. Critiques of centralized control, 1930s-70s 6. International standards for the convergence of computers and communications, 1960s-70s 7. Open systems and the limits of democratic design, 1970s-80s 8. The Internet and the advantages of autocratic design, 1970s-90s 9. Conclusions: open standards and an open world.
1. Introduction 2. Ideological origins of open standards I: telegraph and engineering standards, 1860s-1900s 3. Ideological origins of open standards II: American standards, 1910s-30s 4. Standardization and the monopoly Bell System, 1880s-1930s 5. Critiques of centralized control, 1930s-70s 6. International standards for the convergence of computers and communications, 1960s-70s 7. Open systems and the limits of democratic design, 1970s-80s 8. The Internet and the advantages of autocratic design, 1970s-90s 9. Conclusions: open standards and an open world.
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