Robert Delcampo

Notable Selections in Marriage and the Family

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This is a collection of 37 articles, book excerpts, and research studies that have shaped the study of marriage and the family and contemporary understanding of it. Included are carefully edited selections from the works of the most distinguished observers of marriage and the family, past and present, from Ernest W. Burgess and Margaret Mead to Lillian E. Troll, Richard J. Gelles, and Murray A. Straus.

Produktdetails

• Sources (McGraw-Hill/Dushkin)
• Verlag: Dushkin Publishing
• Erscheinungstermin: November 1998
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 234mm x 187mm x 21mm
• Gewicht: 771g
• ISBN-13: 9780073032344
• ISBN-10: 0073032344
• Artikelnr.: 22281263

Inhaltsangabe

Part 1. Foundations of Marriage and the Family CHAPTER 1. Definitions of
the Family 1.1. William J. Lederer and Don D. Jackson, from The Mirages of
Marriage "[M]aarriage used to be an institution for the physical survival
and well-being of two people and their offspring.... Today we have
primarily the struggle for psychological and emotional survival.... But so
far, the changes in the structure, form, and processes of marriage have
been too few and too unsystematic to cope with the new psychological and
emotional problems." 1.2. Ernest W. Burgess, from "The Family as a Unity of
Interacting Personalities," The Family "At any rate the actual unity of
family life has its existence not in any legal conception, nor in any
formal contract, but in the interaction of its members.... The family lives
as long as interaction is taking place and only dies when it ceases." 1.3.
Ira L. Reiss, from "The Universality of the Family: A Conceptual Analysis,"
Journal of Marriage and the Family "[F]oollowing is the universal
definition of the family institution: The family institution is a small
kinship structured group with the key function of nurturant socialization
of the newborn." CHAPTER 2. Theoretical Approaches to the Study of the
Family 2.1. Carlfred Broderick and James Smith, from "The General Systems
Approach to the Family," in Wesley R. Burr et al., eds., Contemporary
Theories About the Family, vol. 2 "`A system is a set of objects together
with relationships between the objects and between their attributes..'..
Implicit in the definition is the existence of a boundary that delineates
the elements belonging to the system and those belonging to its
environment." 2.2. David H. Olson, Douglas H. Sprenkle, and Candyce S.
Russell, from "Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems: I. Cohesion
and Adaptability Dimensions, Family Types, and Clinical Applications,"
Family Process "At the extreme of high family cohesion, enmeshment, there
is an overidentification with the family that results in extreme bonding
and limited individual autonomy. The low extreme, disengagement, is
characterized by low bonding and high autonomy from the family." 2.3.
George C. Homans, from "Social Behavior as Exchange," The American Journal
of Sociology "If we define profit as reward less cost, and if cost is value
foregone, I suggest that we have here some evidence for the proposition
that change in behavior is greatest when perceived profit is least." Part
2. Mate Selection and Marriage CHAPTER 3. Premarital Relationships 3.1.
Willard Waller, from "The Rating and Dating Complex," American Sociological
Review "Although there are endless variations in courtship customs, they
are always functionally related to the total configuration of the culture
and the biological needs of the human animal." 3.2. Margaret Mead and Rhoda
Metraux, from A Way of Seeing "I believe that we need two types of
marriage, one of which can (though it need not) develop into the other,
each with its own possibilities and special forms of responsibility. The
first type of marriage may be called an individual marriage, binding
together two individuals only.... [T]hhe second type of marriage parental
marriage, would be explicitly directed toward the founding of a family."
3.3. Carl A. Ridley, Dan J. Peterman, and Arthur W. Avery, from
"Cohabitation: Does It Make for a Better Marriage?" The Family Coordinator
"The degree to which cohabiting experiences prepare individuals for
marriage depends in part on the needs, goals, motivations, and competence
of the persons involved." CHAPTER 4. Theories of Mate Selection 4.1. Alan
C. Kerckhoff and Keith E. Davis, from "Value Consensus and Need
Complementarity in Mate Selection," American Sociological Review "[A]
series of `filtering factors' operate in mate selection at different stages
of the selection process.... [S]oocial status variables (class, religion,
etc.) operate in the early stages, consensus on values somewhat later, and
need complementarity still later." 4.2. Robert F. Winch, from "Another Look
at the Theory of Complementary Needs in Mate-Selection," Journal of
Marriage and the Family "In mate-selection each individual seeks within his
or her field of eligibles for that person who gives the greatest promise of
providing him or her with maximum need gratification." 4.3. Bernard I.
Murstein, from "Stimulus--Value--Role: A Theory of Marital Choice," Journal
of Marriage and the Family "The more `A' likes `B,' the more he discloses
his private world to `B.' In a `dating' situation, such a disclosure is
rewarding to `B' because it marks him as worthy of receiving intimate
information and, accordingly, raises his self-esteem." CHAPTER 5. Marital
Adjustment 5.1. Harvey J. Locke and Karl M. Wallace, from "Short
Marital-Adjustment and Prediction Tests: Their Reliability and Validity,"
Marriage and Family Living "[M]aarital-adjustment and marital-prediction
tests, constructed with a relatively small number of basic and fundamental
items, achieve results approximately comparable with the longer and more
complex adjustment and prediction tests." 5.2. William Stephens, from
"Predictors of Marital Adjustment," in William Stephens, ed., Reflections
on Marriage "[T]hhe data seem to say that conventional people and
conventional marriages stand the best chance.... Perhaps it merely happens
that conventional people are less willing to seek divorce, and less able to
face the truth about their marriages when they take marital adjustment
tests. Perhaps, but I think not." CHAPTER 6. Marital Role Satisfaction 6.1.
Robert O. Blood, Jr., and Donald M. Wolfe, from Husbands and Wives: The
Dynamics of Married Living "The balance of power between husband and wife
is a sensitive reflection of the roles they play in marriage--and, in turn,
has many repercussions on other aspects of their relationship." 6.2. John
F. Cuber and Peggy B. Harroff, from "The More Total View: Relationships
Among Men and Women of the Upper Middle Class," Marriage and Family Living
"[T]hhe more overriding generalization about man-woman relationships in
marriage is that continuity based upon `alien considerations,' mere
tradition, practical convenience, austere social sanctions, appear to be
the rule rather than the exception, and that what we have called
qualitatively good relationships are the exception rather than the rule."
Part 3. Parenthood CHAPTER 7. Maternal Attachment 7.1. Mary D. Salter
Ainsworth, from "Infant-Mother Attachment," American Psychologist "It is
clear that the nature of an infant's attachment to his or her mother as a
1-year-old is related both to earlier interaction with the mother and to
various aspects of later development." 7.2. Margaret Mead, from "Some
Theoretical Considerations on the Problem of Mother-Child Separation,"
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry "[F]iindings in the field of child care
may now be rapidly generalized, affecting medical practice, hospital
design, and public health practices all over the world. This new capacity
for the rapid dissemination and translation into practice of research
findings places an extra burden of responsibility for the very careful
examination of the theoretical basis of research on those of us concerned
in either the research itself or the experimental translation of the
research into practice." CHAPTER 8. Childrearing 8.1. E. E. LeMasters, from
"Parenthood as Crisis," Marriage and Family Living "Viewed in this
conceptual system, married couples find the transition to parenthood
painful because the arrival of the first child destroys the two-person or
pair pattern of group interaction and forces a rapid reorganization of
their life into a three-person or triangle group system." 8.2. Diana
Baumrind, from "Child Care Practices Anteceding Three Patterns of Preschool
Behavior," Genetic Psychology Monographs "Parents of the most competent and
mature boys and girls (Pattern I children) were notably firm, loving,
demanding, and understanding. Parents of dysphoric and disaffiliative
children (Pattern II children) were firm, punitive, and unaffectionate.
Mothers of dependent, immature children (Pattern III children) lacked
control and were moderately loving. Fathers of these children were
ambivalent and lax." 8.3. Murray A. Straus, from Beating the Devil Out of
Them: Corporal Punishment in American Families and Its Effects on Children
"A law prohibiting spanking is unrealistic only because spanking is such an
accepted part of American culture. That was also true of smoking. Yet in
less than a generation we have made tremendous progress toward eliminating
smoking. We can make similar progress toward eliminating spanking by
showing parents that spanking is dangerous, that their children will be
easier to bring up if they do not spank, and by clearly saying that a child
should never, under any circumstances, be spanked." 8.4. Lawrence Kohlberg,
from "The Child as a Moral Philosopher," Psychology Today "We can speak of
the child as having his own morality or series of moralities.... Actually,
as soon as we talk with children about morality, we find that they have
many ways of making judgements which are not `internalized' from the
outside, and which do not come in any direct and obvious way from parents,
teachers or even peers." Part 4. Societal Influences on the Family CHAPTER
9. Family Subcultures 9.1. Robert Staples, from "Changes in Black Family
Structure: T he Conflict Between Family Ideology and Structural
Conditions," Journal of Marriage and the Family "Other than being opposed
to unfair discrimination against any group and favoring liberal social and
economic policies, blacks often hold very traditional, even conservative,
attitudes on other social issues--attitudes that place them in the
mainstream of American mores and folkways." 9.2. Judson T. Landis, from
"Religiousness, Family Relationships, and Family Values in Protestant,
Catholic, and Jewish Families," Marriage and Family Living "When most of
the items denoting family success were related to family religiousness, a
positive association was found.... In general the positive association
between family religiousness and success in family living held when
analyzed by faiths--Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, and no faith." CHAPTER
10. Work and the Family 10.1. Lois Wladis Hoffman, from "The Decision to
Work," in F. Ivan Nye and Lois Wladis Hoffman, eds., The Employed Mother in
America "The decision to be a working mother may be made thoughtfully and
deliberately or so subtly that the actors involved--the decision-makers--do
not know a decision has been made. Whichever is the case, the decision may
be thought of as having two components--motivations and facilitators."
10.2. Patricia Voydanoff and Robert F. Kelly, from "Determinants of
Work-Related Family Problems Among Employed Parents," Journal of Marriage
and the Family "The models reveal similarities and differences in the
composition and pattern of individual, work, and family demands and
resources related to time shortage and income inadequacy." CHAPTER 11.
Violence and Abuse 11.1. Richard J. Gelles, from "Abused Wives: Why Do They
Stay?" Journal of Marriage and the Family "[T]hhe answer to why women
remain with their abusive husbands is not nearly as simple as the
assumption that underlies the question.... [T]hhe decision to either stay
with an assaultive spouse or to seek intervention or dissolution of a
marriage is not related solely to the extent or severity of the physical
assault." 11.2. John Scanzoni, from "Family Organization and the
Probability of Disorganization," Journal of Marriage and the Family "In
order to escape the joint pitfalls of exclusion and over-magnification, we
need to discard the evaluative approach, i.e., what is a `good,'
`functional,' `succesful,' or `efficient' family.... [I]nn terms of
long-range scientific and practical benefits, the largest good will be best
served by taking a theoretical approach, viz., by asking significant
theoretical questions." CHAPTER 12. Stress and the Family 12.1. Reuben Hill
and Elise Boulding, from Families Under Stress: Adjustment to the Crises of
War Separation and Reunion "Time and time again we find families faced with
circumstances that would be termed hardships by any observer, and, yet,
because the circumstances are regarded differently by the family, they may
not only fail to produce hardship reactions but they may serve as a
stimulus to better adjustment." 12.2. Hamilton I. McCubbin and Joan M.
Patterson, from "The Family Stress Process: The Double ABCX Model of
Adjustment and Adaptation," in Hamilton I. McCubbin, Marvin B. Sussman, and
Joan M. Patterson, eds., Social Stress and the Family: Advances and
Developments in Family Stress Theory and Research "A (the stressor
event)--interacting with B (the family's crisis meeting
resources)--interacting with C (the definition the family makes of the
event)--produce X (the crisis).... In the case of the families of the
missing in action, many were able to trust the efforts of the United States
to do what was best under the circumstances in terms of ending the war,
finding and/or returning their spouses and establishing policies to help
families." CHAPTER 13. Divorce and Remarriage 13.1. Frank F. Furstenberg,
Jr., from "Divorce and the American Family," Annual Review of Sociology "In
a very real sense, then, the causes of the high rate of marital instability
are `over determined' by a confluence of cultural, economic, and political
change, any one of which might have brought about a significant revision of
the institution of marriage. In combination, they have profoundly shaken
the commitment to lifelong marriage." 13.2. Judith S. Wallerstein and Joan
B. Kelly, from "Children and Divorce: A Review," Social Work "With
reference to the new realities represented by families in which divorce has
occurred, it is important to rethink many traditional concepts of child
development, psychopathology, and intervention theory and develop
theoretical formulations appropriate to newly emerging family structures."
13.3. E. Mavis Hetherington, Martha Cox, and Roger Cox, from "Effects of
Divorce on Parents and Children," in Michael E. Lamb, ed., Nontraditional
Families: Parenting and Child Development "[D]iivorce cannot be viewed as
an event occurring at a single point in time; it represents an extended
transition in the lives of parents and children." Part 5. Aging Families
CHAPTER 14. Postparental Families 14.1. Michael J. Sporakowski and George
A. Hughston, from "Prescriptions for Happy Marriage: Adjustments and
Satisfactions of Couples Married for 50 or More Years," The Family
Coordinator "The stages seen as most satisfying [for the marriage] were the
childbearing, preschool and aging stages. Satisfactions in the first two
related to children and how they added meaning to the marriage. The aging
stage meant more time together, travel and activities which they did not
previously have sufficient time for." 14.2. Lillian E. Troll, from
"Grandparents: The Family Watchdogs," in Timothy H. Brubaker, ed., Family
Relationships in Later Life "If grandparents are really family watchdogs,
they would not have to work hard at their mission in highly integrated
families, even though they might or might not partake of social
interactions. Where family boundaries are permeable and there is little
distinction between kin and nonkin, grandparents could share the task of
watching that all goes well." CHAPTER 15. Older Families and Death 15.1.
Timothy H. Brubaker, from Later Life Families "Specifically, `later life
families' refers to families who are beyond the child-rearing years and
have begun to launch their children. The emphasis is on the remaining
members of the family of orientation after the children have initiated
their own families of procreation." 15.2. Elisabeth K¿bler-Ross, from On
Death and Dying "If a patient has had enough time and has been given some
help in working through the previously described stages, he will reach a
stage during which he is neither depressed nor angry about his `fate.'"