There is no doubt among experts that the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased in many industrialized countries in recent years. The rea sons for this increase are unknown; only suppositions exist. Many people focus on environmental influences. However, the assumption that air pollution alone is responsible for this increase seems to be too simple: many other influences, including the genetic predisposition of individual patients, allergen exposure, and possibly socioeconomic factors, also have to be taken into consideration. Although our understanding of the complex mechanisms of…mehr
There is no doubt among experts that the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased in many industrialized countries in recent years. The rea sons for this increase are unknown; only suppositions exist. Many people focus on environmental influences. However, the assumption that air pollution alone is responsible for this increase seems to be too simple: many other influences, including the genetic predisposition of individual patients, allergen exposure, and possibly socioeconomic factors, also have to be taken into consideration. Although our understanding of the complex mechanisms of allergic diseases has considerably improved thanks to the progress made in ex perimental immunology and allergology, we still have a long way to go before this scientific knowledge is translated into new therapeutic mo dalities. For this reason, the scientific community welcomed the gathering of scientists from very different disciplines and different parts of the world at an international symposium, "New Trends in Allergy IV" together with "Environmental Allergy and Allergotoxicology III" in Hamburg in 1995. This volume contains the invited papers, covering a wide range from basic science to practical clinical diagnosis and therapy. A further unique feature of this event was the concomitant first official workshop of the Environmental Pollution and Allergy Committee of the International Association of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (IAACI), at which the state of scientific knowledge in this field was defined and formulated.
Johannes Ring ist Direktor der Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein der TU München.
Inhaltsangabe
Epidemiology.- 1 Environmental Risk Factors for Atopy.- 2 Significant Variations of Skin Prick Test Results Between Five Fieldworkers in a Multicentre Study.- 3 Postwar Increase of Allergies in the West, but not in the East of Germany?.- 4 Epidemiology of Atopic Eczema.- 5 Air Pollution as a Risk Factor for Allergy: The East-West German Experience.- 6 Asthma and Atopy in West and East Germany.- 7 Impact of SO2 and TSP on Allergic Manifestations and Non-Allergic Respiratory Diseases - Results from the Study on School-Beginners in East and West Germany 1991-1993.- Allergotoxicology.- 8 Allergotoxicology: A Research Strategy for the Investigation of the Influence of Environmental Pollutants on the Development of Allergic Sensitization and Disease.- 9 Pollutants Enhance the Airway Response of Asthmatics to Inhaled Allergen: In Vivo and in Vitro Evidence.- 10 Exposure to a Combination of 220 ppb Sulphur Dioxide and 400 ppb Nitrogen Dioxide Increases the Airway Response of Mild Asthmatics to Allergen Inhalation in a Time-Lagged Manner.- 11 Epithelial Function as a Focus of Ozone-Allergen Interaction.- 12 Acute Effects of Air Pollutants in Asthma.- 13 Influence of Particles and Surfactant on the In Vitro Response of Macrophages to Ozone.- 14 Airborne Particles and Allergic Inflammation: Involvement of Eicosanoids, Interleukin 8, and Oxygen Radical Production.- 15 A Method for Investigating the Effects of Gaseous Pollutants on Pollen Ultrastructure and Allergen Release.- 16 Exposure of Pollen to SO2, NO2 or O3: Influence on Protein Release and Histamine Releasing Capacity In Vitro.- 17 Immunotoxicity of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Related Compounds.- 18 Chemicals and Induction of Respiratory Allergies.- Basic Immunology.- 19 Regulation of Antigen Presentation in the Lung and Airways: The Central Role of Class II MHC-Bearing Dendritic Cells.- 20 T Lymphocytes and Subpopulations: Involvement of TH2 Cells in Allergic Diseases.- 21 Human IgE-Binding Structures.- 22 Correlation Between Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease, Mast Cell Degranulation and Fibrosis.- 23 The Regulation of Mast Cell Development, Survival and Function In Vivo by Stem Cell Factor, the Ligand for the c-kit Receptor: Clinical Implications.- 24 A Kazal-Type Inhibitor of Human Mast Cell Tryptase.- 25 Generation of Anti-inflammatory Protein in Glucocorticoid-Induced Human RM3/1 Macrophages.- 26 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulation Factor GM-CSF and Interleukin-5 Signal Transduction Involves Activation of LYN and SYK Protein-Tyrosine Kinases in Human Eosinophils.- 27 Bone Marrow Origin of Inflammatory Cells in Allergy.- Neuroimmunology.- 28 Tachykinins in Experimental Allergic Lung Disease.- 29 Neuropeptides in Allergy.- 30 Immunomodulatory Capacities of Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone and Related Proopiomelanocortins.- 31 Neuropeptides, Nerve Growth Factor and Eczema.- 32 Itch and Physiological Covariates.- Atopic Eczema.- 33 Skin Barrier and Eczema.- 34 TH1 and TH2 Response in Eczema.- 35 Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxins Induce Histamine and Leukotriene Release in Patients with Atopic Eczema.- 36 Modulatory Factors for Tissue Eosinophilia in Atopic Eczema.- 37 Characterization of Specific T-Cell Responses to Food Antigens in Atopic Eczema (AE).- 38 Topical Ceramide Corrected Epidermal Cell Hyperproliferation and Stratum Corneum Dysmaturation.- 39 Changing of Meteorologic Factors Influences Pruritus in Atopic Eczema.- 40 Ultraviolet Therapy of Atopic Eczema.- Respiratory Allergy.- 41 Latex Type I Allergy.- 42 Molecular Characterization of a Natural Latex Extract and Serological Diagnosis of Latex Allergy.- 43 Characterization of the Alveolitis in Patients with Acute Episodes of Farmer's Lung.- 44 Release of Sulfidoleukotrienes In Vitro: A Novel Test System in the Diagnosis of Pseudo-Allergy to Acetylsalicylic Acid.- 45 The Role of Superantigenicity of Silicate in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases in Patients with Silicosis or Asbestosis.- Critical Evaluation of Methods in Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy.- 46 Skin Prick and Intradermal Test: Critical evaluation.- 47 Nasal Provocation Test: Critical evaluation.- 48 Conjuinctival Provocation: Critical evaluation.- 49 Bronchial Provocation: Critical evaluation.- 50 Patch Tests for Contact Dermatitis: Critical evaluation.- 51 Photopatch Test: Critical evaluation.- 52 Atopy Patch Test: Critical evaluation.- 53 Predictive Testing for Allergy: Critical evaluation.- 54 In Vitro Model for Contact Sensitization: Stimulatory Capacities of Human Blood-Derived Dendritic Cells and their Phenotypical Alterations in the Presence of Contact Sensitizers.- 55 Hyposensitization: Critical evaluation.- 56 Alternatives in Allergology: Critical evaluation.- 57 "Clinical Ecology": Critical evaluation.- Therapy.- 58 Allergen Epitopes.- 59 Successful Immunotherapy with T-Cell Epitope Peptides of Bee Venom Phospholipase A2 in Two Patients with Honey Bee Venom Allergy.- 60 Onset of Action and Efficacy of Astemizole, Cetirizine, Loratadine, and Terfenadine as Tested by Controlled Antigen Challenge in an Environmental Exposure Unit.- 61 Hyposensitization with Seven Injections: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-blind Multicenter-Study of the Efficacy and Safety of a Short-term Immunotherapy With Molecular-Standardized, Unmodified Grass/Rye Allergen.- 62 Antigen Specific Peptides: Role in Immunomodulation.- 63 Self-Tolerance: Multiple Strategies for Peripheral Unresponsiveness of T Cells.
Epidemiology.- 1 Environmental Risk Factors for Atopy.- 2 Significant Variations of Skin Prick Test Results Between Five Fieldworkers in a Multicentre Study.- 3 Postwar Increase of Allergies in the West, but not in the East of Germany?.- 4 Epidemiology of Atopic Eczema.- 5 Air Pollution as a Risk Factor for Allergy: The East-West German Experience.- 6 Asthma and Atopy in West and East Germany.- 7 Impact of SO2 and TSP on Allergic Manifestations and Non-Allergic Respiratory Diseases - Results from the Study on School-Beginners in East and West Germany 1991-1993.- Allergotoxicology.- 8 Allergotoxicology: A Research Strategy for the Investigation of the Influence of Environmental Pollutants on the Development of Allergic Sensitization and Disease.- 9 Pollutants Enhance the Airway Response of Asthmatics to Inhaled Allergen: In Vivo and in Vitro Evidence.- 10 Exposure to a Combination of 220 ppb Sulphur Dioxide and 400 ppb Nitrogen Dioxide Increases the Airway Response of Mild Asthmatics to Allergen Inhalation in a Time-Lagged Manner.- 11 Epithelial Function as a Focus of Ozone-Allergen Interaction.- 12 Acute Effects of Air Pollutants in Asthma.- 13 Influence of Particles and Surfactant on the In Vitro Response of Macrophages to Ozone.- 14 Airborne Particles and Allergic Inflammation: Involvement of Eicosanoids, Interleukin 8, and Oxygen Radical Production.- 15 A Method for Investigating the Effects of Gaseous Pollutants on Pollen Ultrastructure and Allergen Release.- 16 Exposure of Pollen to SO2, NO2 or O3: Influence on Protein Release and Histamine Releasing Capacity In Vitro.- 17 Immunotoxicity of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Related Compounds.- 18 Chemicals and Induction of Respiratory Allergies.- Basic Immunology.- 19 Regulation of Antigen Presentation in the Lung and Airways: The Central Role of Class II MHC-Bearing Dendritic Cells.- 20 T Lymphocytes and Subpopulations: Involvement of TH2 Cells in Allergic Diseases.- 21 Human IgE-Binding Structures.- 22 Correlation Between Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease, Mast Cell Degranulation and Fibrosis.- 23 The Regulation of Mast Cell Development, Survival and Function In Vivo by Stem Cell Factor, the Ligand for the c-kit Receptor: Clinical Implications.- 24 A Kazal-Type Inhibitor of Human Mast Cell Tryptase.- 25 Generation of Anti-inflammatory Protein in Glucocorticoid-Induced Human RM3/1 Macrophages.- 26 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulation Factor GM-CSF and Interleukin-5 Signal Transduction Involves Activation of LYN and SYK Protein-Tyrosine Kinases in Human Eosinophils.- 27 Bone Marrow Origin of Inflammatory Cells in Allergy.- Neuroimmunology.- 28 Tachykinins in Experimental Allergic Lung Disease.- 29 Neuropeptides in Allergy.- 30 Immunomodulatory Capacities of Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone and Related Proopiomelanocortins.- 31 Neuropeptides, Nerve Growth Factor and Eczema.- 32 Itch and Physiological Covariates.- Atopic Eczema.- 33 Skin Barrier and Eczema.- 34 TH1 and TH2 Response in Eczema.- 35 Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxins Induce Histamine and Leukotriene Release in Patients with Atopic Eczema.- 36 Modulatory Factors for Tissue Eosinophilia in Atopic Eczema.- 37 Characterization of Specific T-Cell Responses to Food Antigens in Atopic Eczema (AE).- 38 Topical Ceramide Corrected Epidermal Cell Hyperproliferation and Stratum Corneum Dysmaturation.- 39 Changing of Meteorologic Factors Influences Pruritus in Atopic Eczema.- 40 Ultraviolet Therapy of Atopic Eczema.- Respiratory Allergy.- 41 Latex Type I Allergy.- 42 Molecular Characterization of a Natural Latex Extract and Serological Diagnosis of Latex Allergy.- 43 Characterization of the Alveolitis in Patients with Acute Episodes of Farmer's Lung.- 44 Release of Sulfidoleukotrienes In Vitro: A Novel Test System in the Diagnosis of Pseudo-Allergy to Acetylsalicylic Acid.- 45 The Role of Superantigenicity of Silicate in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases in Patients with Silicosis or Asbestosis.- Critical Evaluation of Methods in Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy.- 46 Skin Prick and Intradermal Test: Critical evaluation.- 47 Nasal Provocation Test: Critical evaluation.- 48 Conjuinctival Provocation: Critical evaluation.- 49 Bronchial Provocation: Critical evaluation.- 50 Patch Tests for Contact Dermatitis: Critical evaluation.- 51 Photopatch Test: Critical evaluation.- 52 Atopy Patch Test: Critical evaluation.- 53 Predictive Testing for Allergy: Critical evaluation.- 54 In Vitro Model for Contact Sensitization: Stimulatory Capacities of Human Blood-Derived Dendritic Cells and their Phenotypical Alterations in the Presence of Contact Sensitizers.- 55 Hyposensitization: Critical evaluation.- 56 Alternatives in Allergology: Critical evaluation.- 57 "Clinical Ecology": Critical evaluation.- Therapy.- 58 Allergen Epitopes.- 59 Successful Immunotherapy with T-Cell Epitope Peptides of Bee Venom Phospholipase A2 in Two Patients with Honey Bee Venom Allergy.- 60 Onset of Action and Efficacy of Astemizole, Cetirizine, Loratadine, and Terfenadine as Tested by Controlled Antigen Challenge in an Environmental Exposure Unit.- 61 Hyposensitization with Seven Injections: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-blind Multicenter-Study of the Efficacy and Safety of a Short-term Immunotherapy With Molecular-Standardized, Unmodified Grass/Rye Allergen.- 62 Antigen Specific Peptides: Role in Immunomodulation.- 63 Self-Tolerance: Multiple Strategies for Peripheral Unresponsiveness of T Cells.
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