This volume contains five chapters covering four topics of current research interest: splitting of water, lithium batteries, intercalation, and fundamental aspects of electrode processes. Two chapters are devoted to splitting of water. The first chapter, by Gutmann and Murphy, presents a comprehensive review of the classical methods of splitting water by electrolysis and also presents some novel techniques for splitting water. Chapter 2, by Gratzel, surveys the current research being done on water splitting using visible light. Two chapters are included that deal with the timely topics of…mehr
This volume contains five chapters covering four topics of current research interest: splitting of water, lithium batteries, intercalation, and fundamental aspects of electrode processes. Two chapters are devoted to splitting of water. The first chapter, by Gutmann and Murphy, presents a comprehensive review of the classical methods of splitting water by electrolysis and also presents some novel techniques for splitting water. Chapter 2, by Gratzel, surveys the current research being done on water splitting using visible light. Two chapters are included that deal with the timely topics of lithium batteries and intercalation. The first, Chapter 3 by Marincic, presents a practical guide to the recent development of lithium batteries, while the second, Chapter 4 by McKinnon and Haering, presents and discusses various theoretical approaches to inter calation. The last chapter in the book, Chapter 5 by Khan, presents a survey of many of the fundamental concepts and misconceptions of electrode kinetics as applied to semiconductors in particular.
1 The Electrochemical Splitting of Water.- I. Introduction.- II. Units.- III. Electrochemistry.- IV. Improvements Achieved in Water Electrolysis.- V. Novel Ways to Reduce Activation Overvoltage.- VI. Magneto-Electrolysis.- VII. Steam Electrolysis.- VIII. Series or Parallel Electrolyzers.- IX. Economical Electrolyzers.- X. Advanced Electrolyzers.- XI. Super Electrolyzers.- XII. State-of-the-Art Electrolyzers.- XIII. Applications of Electrolytic Hydrogen Generator Technology.- XIV. Cost of Hydrogen Production.- XV. Hydroelectric Resources.- XVI. Hydrogen Storage.- References.- 2 Interfacial Charge Transfer Reactions in Colloidal Dispersions and Their Application to Water Cleavage by Visible Light.- I. Introduction.- II. Dynamics of Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions in Simple Micellar Assemblies.- III. Interfacial Electron- and Hole-Transfer Reactions in Colloidal Semiconductor Dispersions.- IV. The Principles of Redox Catalysis.- V. Light-Induced Water Cleavage in Microheterogeneous Solution.- VI. Splitting of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reduction of Carbon-Dioxide as Alternative Light-Energy-Storing Reactions.- VII. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Lithium Batteries with Liquid Depolarizers.- I. Introduction.- II. Discharge Reaction Mechanism.- III. Battery Design Procedures.- IV. Materials of Construction.- V. Processing and Assembling.- VI. Testing and Evaluation.- VII. Applications.- VIII. Deactivation, Disposal, and Reclamation.- References.- 4 Physical Mechanisms of Intercalation.- I. Introduction.- II. Review of Intercalation Systems.- III. Thermodynamics of Intercalation and Lattice Gas Models.- IV. Interactions between Intercalated Atoms.- V. Kinetics of Intercalation Cells.- VI. One-Dimensional Lattice Gas.- VII. Conclusions.- References.- 5 Some Fundamental Aspectsof Electrode Processes.- I. Introduction.- II. The Meaning of Absolute Scale Potential in Electrode Kinetics.- III. The Effect of Applied Potential on the Fermi Level in Metal and Semiconductors.- IV. Fermi Energies in Solution.- V. Distribution of Electron States in Ions in Solution.- VI. The Calculation of Electronic Energy States of Ions in Solution.- VII. Applications of the Born-Landau Equation.- VIII. Nonadiabaticity.- IX. The Mechanism of Proton Transfer at Interfaces.- X. The Semiconductor/Solution Interface.- XI. Auger Neutralization.- Notation.- References.
1 The Electrochemical Splitting of Water.- I. Introduction.- II. Units.- III. Electrochemistry.- IV. Improvements Achieved in Water Electrolysis.- V. Novel Ways to Reduce Activation Overvoltage.- VI. Magneto-Electrolysis.- VII. Steam Electrolysis.- VIII. Series or Parallel Electrolyzers.- IX. Economical Electrolyzers.- X. Advanced Electrolyzers.- XI. Super Electrolyzers.- XII. State-of-the-Art Electrolyzers.- XIII. Applications of Electrolytic Hydrogen Generator Technology.- XIV. Cost of Hydrogen Production.- XV. Hydroelectric Resources.- XVI. Hydrogen Storage.- References.- 2 Interfacial Charge Transfer Reactions in Colloidal Dispersions and Their Application to Water Cleavage by Visible Light.- I. Introduction.- II. Dynamics of Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions in Simple Micellar Assemblies.- III. Interfacial Electron- and Hole-Transfer Reactions in Colloidal Semiconductor Dispersions.- IV. The Principles of Redox Catalysis.- V. Light-Induced Water Cleavage in Microheterogeneous Solution.- VI. Splitting of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reduction of Carbon-Dioxide as Alternative Light-Energy-Storing Reactions.- VII. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Lithium Batteries with Liquid Depolarizers.- I. Introduction.- II. Discharge Reaction Mechanism.- III. Battery Design Procedures.- IV. Materials of Construction.- V. Processing and Assembling.- VI. Testing and Evaluation.- VII. Applications.- VIII. Deactivation, Disposal, and Reclamation.- References.- 4 Physical Mechanisms of Intercalation.- I. Introduction.- II. Review of Intercalation Systems.- III. Thermodynamics of Intercalation and Lattice Gas Models.- IV. Interactions between Intercalated Atoms.- V. Kinetics of Intercalation Cells.- VI. One-Dimensional Lattice Gas.- VII. Conclusions.- References.- 5 Some Fundamental Aspectsof Electrode Processes.- I. Introduction.- II. The Meaning of Absolute Scale Potential in Electrode Kinetics.- III. The Effect of Applied Potential on the Fermi Level in Metal and Semiconductors.- IV. Fermi Energies in Solution.- V. Distribution of Electron States in Ions in Solution.- VI. The Calculation of Electronic Energy States of Ions in Solution.- VII. Applications of the Born-Landau Equation.- VIII. Nonadiabaticity.- IX. The Mechanism of Proton Transfer at Interfaces.- X. The Semiconductor/Solution Interface.- XI. Auger Neutralization.- Notation.- References.
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