Synthesis of nonequilibrium metallic phases has been an area of great interest to the materials processing community since early 1960. Inherent rapid cooling rates in laser processing are being used to engineer non-equilibrium microstructures which cannot be rivaled by other processes. This lecture will discuss the phenomena involved and its application in designing materials with tailored properties. What is non-equilibrium Synthesis? This is a synthesis method to produce binary or higher order materials where kinetics of the pro cess affects the transport of the constituent elements during…mehr
Synthesis of nonequilibrium metallic phases has been an area of great interest to the materials processing community since early 1960. Inherent rapid cooling rates in laser processing are being used to engineer non-equilibrium microstructures which cannot be rivaled by other processes. This lecture will discuss the phenomena involved and its application in designing materials with tailored properties. What is non-equilibrium Synthesis? This is a synthesis method to produce binary or higher order materials where kinetics of the pro cess affects the transport of the constituent elements during phase transformation resulting in a composition or crystallographic configuration which is different from what is observed when the elements arranges themselves with the lowest possible Gibbs Free energy, which is the equilibrium condition. Figure 1 illustrates the phenomena. Phase diagram under equilibrium condition is illustrated by the solid line whereas the no-equilibrium phase diagram is represented by the dotted line. One can observe the shrinkage of the phase field under non-equilibrium condition. Any alloy composition between the solidus lines of the equilibrium and non-equilibrium phase diagram will be a non equilibrium alloys with extended solid solution.
1. Overview and Fundamentals.- Laser Surface Treatment - An overview.- Coupling Mechanisms in Laser Surface Treatment.- Non-Equilibrium Synthesis by Laser for Tailored Surfaces.- Microstructure and Phase Selection in Rapid Laser Processing.- Solidification of AgCu Alloys at High Growth Rates Produced by Continuous Laser Melt Quenching.- Surface Response Functions Due to Laser Irradiation.- 2. Mathematical Modeling.- Modeling in Laser Materials Processing: Melting, Alloying, Cladding.- Scoping Analyses and Limitations of Transport Phenomena Modeling for Laser Surface Modification.- The Modelling of Heat, Mass, and Solute Transport in Surface Processing with Laser Radiation.- One-Dimensional Thermal Model Including the Dependence of Absorptivity on Temperature Using Hagen-Rubens Equation.- Modeling of Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition of Thin Films.- 3. Laser Alloying.- Functionality Gradient Coating Layers Produced by Laser Alloying/Cladding.- Carbide and Boride Laser Alloying of High Speed Steels.- Innovative Intermetallic Compounds by Laser Alloying.- Gas Surface Alloying of Ti6A14V Alloy by Laser.- Laser Surface Alloying of Aluminum 2014 Alloy with Molybdenum for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance.- Laser Alloying of Copper and Its Alloys.- 4. Laser Cladding.- Laser Cladding of Low Melting Point Alloys.- Catchment Efficiency for Novel Nozzle Designs Used in Laser Cladding and Alloying.- Laser Process Adapted Powder Delivery System.- A Simple Correlation Between the Geometry of Laser Cladding Tracks and the Process Parameters.- Surface Treatment by Laser Processing and Tribological Application.- 5. Surface Treatment.- Laser Surface Treatment of Tool Steels.- Laser Treatment for Adhesive Bonding in Coated Steels.- Structure-Property Relationship of Ceramic Coatings on Metals Produced by Laser Processing.- Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Laser Treated Aluminum Alloys.- Real Time Pyrometry in Laser Surface Treatment.- Microstructure and Properties of A1-Nb Alloys Produced by Laser Surface Treatment.- Laser Surface Melting and Gas-Alloying of Ti-6A1-4V.- Process Diagrams for Laser Transformation Hardening.- The Use of Lasers in the Formation of Vitreous Layers on Surfaces.- Direct Synthesis of Metal Nitride by Laser.- 6. Laser Thin Film Deposition.- Laser Processing of High-Tc Superconductors.- Laser Chemical Vapour Deposition of Titanium-Based Hard Coatings.- Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition of Titanium Nitride and Process Diagnostics with Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy.- Process Control of Laser Chemical Vapour Deposition of TiC on Tool Steel.- Ultrafine Metal Particles in Polymers and in Vapor Phase Nucleation.- Pulsed Laser Deposition of Nb5Te4 Thin Films.- 7. Laser Ablation.- Thin Film Deposition by Laser Ablation.- Laser Ablation and Application to Thin Film Deposition.- Theoretical Description of Laser Ablation.- Laser Reactive Ablation: One Step Procedure for the Synthesis and Deposition of Compound Thin Films.- Pulsed Laser Ablation of Copper.- 8. Application to Industry.- Adaptive Beam Delivery for CO2 Laser Material Processing.- Laser Beam Welding Fume Propagation and Seam Properties.- Reproduction of 3D Object Displays with Laser Systems.- Laser Processing of Integrated Optic Waveguides for Photonic Applications.- Optical and Acoustical Techniques for the Characterization of Material Ablation by Q-switched Nd: YAG and Excimer Laser Radiation.- Advances in Laser Direct Writing.- Laser Cleaning in Art Restoration: A Review.- The Experience of Laser Heat Treatment Application in Industry of Ukraine.- Applications of the Nd:YAG Laser in Electronic Assembly Processes.
1. Overview and Fundamentals.- Laser Surface Treatment - An overview.- Coupling Mechanisms in Laser Surface Treatment.- Non-Equilibrium Synthesis by Laser for Tailored Surfaces.- Microstructure and Phase Selection in Rapid Laser Processing.- Solidification of AgCu Alloys at High Growth Rates Produced by Continuous Laser Melt Quenching.- Surface Response Functions Due to Laser Irradiation.- 2. Mathematical Modeling.- Modeling in Laser Materials Processing: Melting, Alloying, Cladding.- Scoping Analyses and Limitations of Transport Phenomena Modeling for Laser Surface Modification.- The Modelling of Heat, Mass, and Solute Transport in Surface Processing with Laser Radiation.- One-Dimensional Thermal Model Including the Dependence of Absorptivity on Temperature Using Hagen-Rubens Equation.- Modeling of Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition of Thin Films.- 3. Laser Alloying.- Functionality Gradient Coating Layers Produced by Laser Alloying/Cladding.- Carbide and Boride Laser Alloying of High Speed Steels.- Innovative Intermetallic Compounds by Laser Alloying.- Gas Surface Alloying of Ti6A14V Alloy by Laser.- Laser Surface Alloying of Aluminum 2014 Alloy with Molybdenum for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance.- Laser Alloying of Copper and Its Alloys.- 4. Laser Cladding.- Laser Cladding of Low Melting Point Alloys.- Catchment Efficiency for Novel Nozzle Designs Used in Laser Cladding and Alloying.- Laser Process Adapted Powder Delivery System.- A Simple Correlation Between the Geometry of Laser Cladding Tracks and the Process Parameters.- Surface Treatment by Laser Processing and Tribological Application.- 5. Surface Treatment.- Laser Surface Treatment of Tool Steels.- Laser Treatment for Adhesive Bonding in Coated Steels.- Structure-Property Relationship of Ceramic Coatings on Metals Produced by Laser Processing.- Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Laser Treated Aluminum Alloys.- Real Time Pyrometry in Laser Surface Treatment.- Microstructure and Properties of A1-Nb Alloys Produced by Laser Surface Treatment.- Laser Surface Melting and Gas-Alloying of Ti-6A1-4V.- Process Diagrams for Laser Transformation Hardening.- The Use of Lasers in the Formation of Vitreous Layers on Surfaces.- Direct Synthesis of Metal Nitride by Laser.- 6. Laser Thin Film Deposition.- Laser Processing of High-Tc Superconductors.- Laser Chemical Vapour Deposition of Titanium-Based Hard Coatings.- Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition of Titanium Nitride and Process Diagnostics with Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy.- Process Control of Laser Chemical Vapour Deposition of TiC on Tool Steel.- Ultrafine Metal Particles in Polymers and in Vapor Phase Nucleation.- Pulsed Laser Deposition of Nb5Te4 Thin Films.- 7. Laser Ablation.- Thin Film Deposition by Laser Ablation.- Laser Ablation and Application to Thin Film Deposition.- Theoretical Description of Laser Ablation.- Laser Reactive Ablation: One Step Procedure for the Synthesis and Deposition of Compound Thin Films.- Pulsed Laser Ablation of Copper.- 8. Application to Industry.- Adaptive Beam Delivery for CO2 Laser Material Processing.- Laser Beam Welding Fume Propagation and Seam Properties.- Reproduction of 3D Object Displays with Laser Systems.- Laser Processing of Integrated Optic Waveguides for Photonic Applications.- Optical and Acoustical Techniques for the Characterization of Material Ablation by Q-switched Nd: YAG and Excimer Laser Radiation.- Advances in Laser Direct Writing.- Laser Cleaning in Art Restoration: A Review.- The Experience of Laser Heat Treatment Application in Industry of Ukraine.- Applications of the Nd:YAG Laser in Electronic Assembly Processes.
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