Julie Tetel Andresen, Phillip Carter

Languages In The World

How History, Culture, and Politics Shape Language

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This innovative introduction outlines the structure and distribution of the world's languages, charting their evolution over the past 200,000 years.

Balances linguistic analysis with socio-historical and political context, offering a cohesive picture of the relationship between language and society
Provides an interdisciplinary introduction to the study of language by drawing not only on the diverse fields of linguistics (structural, linguist anthropology, historical, sociolinguistics), but also on history, biology, genetics, sociology, and more
Includes nine detailed language profiles on Kurdish, Arabic, Tibetan, Hawaiian, Vietnamese, Tamil, !Xó;õ (Taa), Mongolian, and Quiché
A companion website offers a host of supplementary materials including, sound files, further exercises, and detailed introductory information for students new to linguistics

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 400
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. Januar 2016
• Abmessung: 254mm x 178mm x 21mm
• Gewicht: 750g
• ISBN-13: 9781118531280
• ISBN-10: 1118531280
• Artikelnr.: 42516374

Autorenporträt

Julie Tetel Andresen is Professor of English and former Chair of Linguistic at Duke University. A linguistic historiographer focusing on French, German, British, and American theories of language from the eighteenth to the twenty-first centuries, she is the author of Linguistics and Evolution: A Developmental Approach (2013) and Linguistics in America 1769-1924: A Critical History (1996). Phillip M. Carter is Assistant Professor of English and Linguistics at Florida International University. Specializing in immigrant and ethnolinguistic minority communities in the Unites States, his work on the language varieties and cultural practices of U.S. Latinos has been published in leading journals, including Language in Society, English Worldwide, Journal of Sociolinguistics, American Speech, and Language in Linguistics Compass.

Inhaltsangabe

Map 0.1 World map with language families xi Figure 0.1 IPA consonants xii
Figure 0.2 IPA vowels xii About the Website xiii List of Maps and Figures
xv Preface xvii Part I Linguistic Preliminaries: Approach and Theory
Introductory Note: On Language 1 1 All Languages Were Once Spanglish 3 The
Mexican State of Coahuila y Tejas 3 What Is Language? 4 How Many Languages
Are There? 6 How and When Did Language Get Started? 9 The Structure of
Spanglish 13 Final Note: The Encounter of Spanish and English on Television
in the United States 17 Exercises 18 Discussion Questions 20 Notes 20
References 21 Further Reading 21 2 The Language Loop 22 The Australian
Walkabout 22 Introducing the Language Loop 23 Language and Cognition 26
Language, the World, and Culture 28 Language and Linguistic Structure 31
Language, Discourse, and Ideology 32 On Major and Minor Languages 33 Final
Note: The Contingencies of Time, Place, and Biology 35 Exercises 37
Discussion Questions 37 Notes 38 References 38 Further Reading 39 3
Linguistics and Classification 40 The Role of Sanskrit in Philology 40 Of
Linguistics, Philology, Linguists, and Grammarians 42 Genetic
Classification 46 Areal Classification 48 Typological Classification 51
Functional Classification 55 Final Note: The Role of Sanskrit in India
Today 57 Exercises 58 Discussion Questions 59 Notes 60 References 60
Further Reading 61 Part II Effects of Power Introductory Note: On Power 63
4 Effects of the Nation-State and the Possibility of Kurdistan 65 Lines Are
Drawn in the Sand 65 The Status of Language on the Eve of the Nation-State
66 The Epistemology of the Nation-State 69 The French Revolution, German
Romanticism, and Print Capitalism 71 Standardization and the Instilling of
Vergonha 75 Language and Individual Identity 76 What's Race Got to Do with
It? 78 The Problematic Race-Nation-Language Triad 79 Final Note: The Kurds
Today - Different Places, Different Outcomes 84 Language Profile: Kurdî /
[Kurdish (Indo-European)] 85 Exercises 90 Discussion Questions 91 Notes 91
References 92 Further Reading 93 5 The Development of Writing in the Litmus
of Religion and Politics 94 The Story of the Qur'an 94 Magico-Religious
Interpretations of the Origins of Writing 95 Steps Toward the
Representation of Speech 97 Types of Writing Systems 100 Religion and the
Spread of Writing Systems 105 The Always Already Intervention of Politics
108 Orality and Literacy 111 Final Note: Azerbaijan Achieves Alphabetic
Autonomy 114 Language Profile: [Arabic (Afro-Asiatic)] 114 Exercises 119
Discussion Questions 122 Notes 123 References 124 Further Reading 124 6
Language Planning and Language Law: Shaping the Right to Speak 125 Melting
Snow and Protests at the Top of the World 125 Language Academies: The First
Enforcers 127 Another Look at Prescriptivism 129 Making Language Official:
A Tale of Three Patterns 131 Language Policy and Education: A Similar Tale
of Three Patterns 139 Language Planners and Language Police 144 Final Note:
Choosing Death or Life 146 Language Profile: [Tibetan (Sino-Tibetan)] 147
Exercises 152 Discussion Questions 153 Notes 154 References 155 Further
Reading 156 Part III Effects of Movement Introductory Note: On Movement 159
7 A Mobile History: Mapping Language Stocks and Families 161 Austronesian
Origin Stories 161 Population Genetics and Links to Language 162 A Possible
Polynesian Reconstruction 166 Linguistic Reconstructions Revisited 168
Proto-Indo-European and Its Homeland 173 Other Language Stocks and Their
Homelands 176 Models of Spread 183 Lost Tracks 186 Final Note: On Density
and Diversity 187 Language Profile: 'Olelo Hawai'i [Hawaiian
(Austronesian)] 187 Exercises 194 Discussion Questions 195 Notes 195
References 196 Further Reading 197 8 Colonial Consequences: Language Stocks
and Families Remapped 198 Eiffel Towers in Vietnam 198 Time-Depths and
Terminology 199 The Middle Kingdom: Government-Encouraged Migrations 201
Linguistic Geography: Residual Zones and Spread Zones 203 Spreading
Eurasian Empires: The Persians, Mongols, Slavs, and Romans 206 Religions as
First Nations and Missionaries as Colonizers 213 English as an Emergent
Language Family 215 Final Note: Creoles and the Case of Krey` ol Ayisyen
218 Language Profile: Ti¿eng Viet [Vietnamese (Austro-Asiatic)] 219
Exercises 223 Discussion Questions 226 Notes 226 References 228 Further
Reading 229 9 Postcolonial Complications: Violent Outcomes 230 Tamil Tigers
Create New Terrorist Techniques 230 What's in a Name? Burma/Myanmar 232
Modern Sudan: The Clash of Two Colonialisms 235 The Caucasian Quasi-States:
Two Types of Conflict 238 Poland's Shifting Borders 242 Terrorism on the
Iberian Peninsula: Basque and the ETA 244 Québécois Consciousness and the
Turbulent 1960s 245 The Zapatista Uprising and Indigenous Languages in
Chiapas 247 Final Note: The Parsley Massacre in the Dominican Republic 249
Language Profile: Tamil (Dravidian) 250 Exercises 254 Discussion Questions
255 Notes 256 References 257 Further Reading 257 Part IV Effects of Time
Introductory Note: On Time 259 10 The Remote Past: Language Becomes
Embodied 261 Look There! 261 Seeking Linguistic Bedrock 262 The Primate
Body and Human Adaptations to Language 263 Evolution in Four Dimensions 269
The Genetic Story 270 Grammatical Categories and Deep-Time Linguistics 275
Complexity and the Arrow of Time 279 Final Note: The Last Stone Age Man in
North America 282 Language Profile: !Xóõ [Taa (Khoisan)] 283 Exercises 288
Discussion Questions 288 Notes 289 References 290 Further Reading 291 11
The Recorded Past: 'Catching Up to Conditions' Made Visible 292 Mongolian
Horses 292 Chapter 3: The Invariable Word in English 294 Chapter 4: The
Shift to Head-Marking in French 295 Chapter 5: Writing and e-Arabic 299
Chapter 6: Mongolian Cases 301 Chapter 7: Reformulating Hawaiian Identity
304 Chapter 8: Varieties of Chinese - Yesterday and Today 306 Chapter 9:
Juba Arabic Pidgin, Nubi, and Other African Creoles 310 Final Note:
Language Change in Progress 313 Language Profile: ìîíãîë õçë [Mongolian
(Mongolic)] 315 Exercises 320 Discussion Questions 321 Notes 322 References
323 Further Reading 323 12 The Imagined Future: Globalization and the Fate
of Endangered Languages 324 Gold in the Mayan Highlands 324 Beyond the
Nation-State: The Globalized New Economy 325 Money Talks: What Language
Does It Speak? 327 When the Language Loop Unravels 329 Language Hotspots
332 Rethinking Endangerment 334 Technology to the Rescue 336
Anishinaabemowin Revitalization in Wisconsin 339 What Is Choice? 341 Final
Note: Our Advocacies 342 Language Profile: K'iche' [Quiché (Mayan)] 342
Exercises 347 Discussion Questions 349 Notes 350 References 350 Glossary
353 Subject Index 359 Language Index 373