Kings and conquistadors - Thornton, Richard C
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Spain's American empire began as the serendipitous outgrowth of the search for a shortcut to China. That search derived from two mid-fifteenth-century developments: the Ming Dynasty's decision to adopt a silver standard for its medium of exchange and the Ottoman Turks' capture of Constantinople in 1453. China's great demand for silver and the disruption of the Silk Road drove the need to find alternative access to China. King John II of Portugal sent explorers southward along the coast of Africa and thence to the Orient, but Ferdinand and Isabella sent Christopher Columbus westward, believing…mehr

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Produktbeschreibung
Spain's American empire began as the serendipitous outgrowth of the search for a shortcut to China. That search derived from two mid-fifteenth-century developments: the Ming Dynasty's decision to adopt a silver standard for its medium of exchange and the Ottoman Turks' capture of Constantinople in 1453. China's great demand for silver and the disruption of the Silk Road drove the need to find alternative access to China. King John II of Portugal sent explorers southward along the coast of Africa and thence to the Orient, but Ferdinand and Isabella sent Christopher Columbus westward, believing he would find a shorter route. A persistent if disorderly push by Spanish conquistadors led to the discovery of previously unknown civilizations, including the empires of the Aztecs and the Incas. The search for a short-cut to China became bound up with the seizure of the riches held by native populations. Although the conquistadors were vastly outnumbered, their superior technology-steel swords, armor, war horses, and firearms-concomitant with diseases that accompanied them, enabled them to subdue native American peoples and confiscate their wealth. The aftermath was fraught with complications and strife. Crown- appointed governors came into conflict with the conquistadors. Distances were great, and the governors tended to place their interests over those of the King. Cortez conquered the Aztecs despite the governor's attempts to prevent his campaign. Bureaucratic interference bedeviled Francisco Pizzaro's campaign against the Incas, which, nonetheless, contributed more to the wealth of his country than any other conquistador's exploits. Ultimately, the vast wealth of the Americas would fuel Spain and its Empire for nearly two centuries.
Autorenporträt
Richard C. Thornton is professor of history and international affairs at The George Washington University, in Washington, DC, where he has taught since 1967. He received his B.A. in 1961 from Colgate University, where he was awarded Phi Beta Kappa membership; and received his Ph.D. from The University of Washington in 1966. In 2013, he co-founded the Institute for the Study of Strategy and Politics, where he serves as president. He is also a retired Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Reserve, and a former State Department consultant. Professor Thornton is the author of more than a dozen books, including Kings and Conquistadors: Spain's American Empire; the histories of the Nixon, Carter and Reagan presidencies, as well as histories of modern China, the rise of Mao, the Korean War, and the Falklands War.