This one-semester text is designed for an upper-level majors course. Vertebrates features a unique emphasis on function and evolution of vertebrates, complete anatomical detail, and excellent pedagogy. Vertebrate groups are organized phylogenetically, and their systems discussed within such a context. Morphology is foremost, but the author has developed and integrated an understanding of function and evolution into the discussion of anatomy of the various systems.
This one-semester text is designed for an upper-level majors course. Vertebrates features a unique emphasis on function and evolution of vertebrates, complete anatomical detail, and excellent pedagogy. Vertebrate groups are organized phylogenetically, and their systems discussed within such a context. Morphology is foremost, but the author has developed and integrated an understanding of function and evolution into the discussion of anatomy of the various systems.
Ed Zalisko is a professor in the biology department at Blackburn College, Carlinville, IL. He received his Ph.D. in zoology from Washington State University and an MA and BA in zoology from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL. He has taught courses in comparative anatomy, human anatomy and physiology, developmental biology, cell biology, zoology, and human reproductive biology.
Inhaltsangabe
1 Introduction 1 Classification and Comparison 1 Defining the Chordates 1 Chordate Characteristics 2 Studying Advice 6 Laboratory Strategy 6 Designing for Students 6 2 Protochordates 8 Protochordates 8 Hemichordata 8 Cephalochordata 10 Urochordata (Tunicates) 16 3 Agnathans-Examination of a Basal Vertebrate: The Lamprey 18 Agnathans 18 Myxini-Hagfishes 18 Petromyzoniformes-Lampreys 18 The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates: Shifts in Feeding Mechanisms 20 Adult Lamprey Anatomy 22 External Anatomy 22 Sagittal and Cross Sections 22 Anatomy of the Lamprey (Ammocoete) Larva 27 Whole Mount 27 Cross Section through the Pharynx 28 Cross Section through the Trunk 28 4 Vertebrate Integuments 29 Introduction 29 Dermis 29 Epidermis 30 Examination of Vertebrate Integuments 31 Fishes 31 Tetrapods 33 Specializations of the Integument 37 Nails, Claws, and Hooves 37 Horns and Antlers 37 Baleen 38 5 Skeletal Systems 40 Tissues of the Skeletal System 40 Cartilage 41 Bone 42 Divisions of the Skeletal System 43 Postcranial Skeleton 43 Vertebrae and Ribs 43 Girdles and Limbs 52 Skull 67 Introduction 67 The Composite Skull 67 Cranial Skeleton 69 Elasmobranchii-Shark 69 Osteichthyes-Amia (Bowfin) 71 Amphibia-Necturus 72 Reptilia 72 Aves 78 Dorsal and Lateral Views 79 Ventral and Posterior Views 80 Sclerotic Ring and Hyoid 80 Mammalia-Cat 80 Teeth 84 Tooth Anatomy 84 Sharks-Homodont and Polyphyodont Teeth 84 Amphibia/Salamander-Homodont and Polyphyodont Teeth 84 Reptiles/Alligator-Homodont and Polyphyodont Teeth 85 Mammal-Heterodont and Diphyodont Teeth 85 Pattern of Evolutionary Change 86 6 Muscular Systems and External Anatomy 89 Introduction 89 Terminology 89 Actions 90 General Muscle Groups 90 Dissection 90 The Process 90 General Safety Precautions 91 External Anatomy 91 Shark Dissection 91 External Anatomy 91 Skinning the Shark 92 Musculature 92 Necturus 100 External Anatomy 100 Dissection 100 Musculature 100 Cat 106 External Anatomy 106 Approach 106 Musculature 107 7 Digestive Systems 132 Introduction 132 Shark 132 Pleuroperitoneal Cavity 132 Pericardial Cavity 137 Necturus 137 Pleuroperitoneal Cavity 137 Pericardial Cavity 139 Cat 139 Salivary Glands 139 Oral Cavity 140 Structures of the Thoracic Region 142 Abdomen 144 8 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems 147 Introduction 147 Respiratory System 147 Circulatory System 147 Shark 147 Pericardial Cavity 147 Respiratory System and Branchial Arteries 148 Pleuroperitoneal Cavity 151 Necturus 155 The Heart, Branches of the Ventral Aorta, and Gills 155 Dorsal Aorta and Lungs 157 Hepatic Portal System 161 Systemic Veins 161 Cat 162 Heart and Its Major Vessels 162 Respiratory System 165 Precava 168 Dorsal Aorta 169 Postcava 170 Hepatic Portal System 172 9 Urogenital Systems 174 Shark 174 Male Urogenital System 174 Female Urogenital System 176 Necturus 179 Male Urogenital System 179 Female Urogenital System 181 Cat 181 Male Urogenital System 181 Female Urogenital System 184 10 Nervous Systems 187 Introduction 187 Nerve Function 188 Spinal Nerves 188 Cranial Nerves 189 Shark 192 Dissection Procedure 192 Brain (Dorsal Aspect) 193 Cranial Nerves 193 Brain (Ventral Aspect) 196 Brain (Sagittal Aspect) 197 Sheep Brain 197 Overview-Whole Brain 197 Cranial Nerves-Whole Brains (Figure 10.11) 202 Brain Regions-Sagittal Sections (Figure 10.12) 202 Brain Stem-Parts (Figure 10.13) 204 Spinal Nerves 204 Glossary 206 Index 213 Student Note Book 239 Master List of Relevant Roots 388
