Introduction to Physical Anthropology

Herausgeber: Steckley, John

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

A new Canadian entry on the market, Introduction to Physical Anthropology offers a fresh take on the fundamentals of the discipline. Author John Steckley guides students through the field step by step, covering foundational aspects such as archaeological tools and dating methods, evolution and genetics, and taxonomy in the early chapters before moving on to more complex topics. After tracing the transition from hominids to modern Homo sapiens, students are introduced to Neandertals; human variation; ethics and migration; and forensic anthropology. Combining scientific discoveries with personal anecdotes and case studies on controversies, students are shown the human side of scientists and the subjective side of science. Throughout the distinctly Canadian text, profiles of Canadian anthropologists, national research and examples, and indigenous Aboriginal material contextualize country-specific content in an international field of study. Rich, colourful photos showcase the beauty of living species and the detail of fossil specimens, while unique pedagogical features including 'Typical Student Questions' and 'Science Gone Wrong' accounts invite students to explore anthropology at their own level.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Oxford University Press, USA
• Seitenzahl: 408
• Erscheinungstermin: 11. April 2011
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 277mm x 216mm x 15mm
• Gewicht: 771g
• ISBN-13: 9780195432152
• ISBN-10: 0195432150
• Artikelnr.: 33372060

Autorenporträt

John StEckley is professor of sociology and anthropology at Humber College, where he has taught for over 20 years. He is a past president of the Ontario Archaeological Society; a specialist in Aboriginal languages, culture, and history (and reportedly the last known speaker of the Wyandot [or Huron] language); and has worked as a consultant for CBC's Canada: A People's History. Professor Steckley includes OUP Canada's first two editions of the highly successful Elements of Sociology (authored with Guy Letts) among his more than a dozen books and 200 articles in scholarly journals.

Inhaltsangabe

* Preface
* From the Publisher
* Tables, figures, and Maps
* Boxed Features
* Chapter 1:
* Introduction: Physical Anthropology Faces Bigfoot
* The Four Branches of Anthropology
* A Case Study: Using the Four Branches to Solve a Historical Mystery
* Branches of Physical Anthropology
* Human Evolution
* Genetics
* Paleoanthropology
* Anthropometry
* Medical Anthropology
* Forensic Anthropology
* Primatology
* Science
* The Scientific Method
* Fact, Theory, and Hypothesis
* Objectivity and Subjectivity: Lumpers and Splitters
* Lumpers and Splitters: Declaring Which Side You Are On
* How do you feel about Apes?
* Author's Message
* Summary
* Typical Student Questions
* Review Questions
* Discussion Questions
* Key Species and Specimens
* Key Terms
* Key Individuals
* Recommended Print and Online Resources
* Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade: How Old Is That?
* Introduction
* Relative Dating
* Stratigraphy
* Seriation
* Absolute Dating
* A Warning about Websites and Absolute Dating
* Writing
* Dendrochronology
* Varves
* Radiocarbon Dating: Carbon 14
* The Dead Sea Scrolls: An Exercise in Radiocarbon Dating
* Stonehenge: Radiocarbon Dating Rewriting History
* How to Test a New Form of Dating: Consilience
* Poptassiul-Argon Dating
* Electron Spin Resonance
* Summary
* Typical Student Questions
* Review Questions
* Answers to Table 2.1
* Key Terms
* Key Individuals
* Recommended Print and Online Resources
* Chapter 3: Evolution
* What Is Evolution?
* What Evolution Is Not
* Philosophical Stances and Evolution
* Natural Selection
* Gregor Mendel and Evolution
* Genetics: The Players
* Mutation: We Are All X-Men
* It's not How Many Genes You've Got that Counts
* Selective Pressure
* Debates within Evolutionary Theory
* Proofs for Evolution
* Direct Observation of Evolution
* Transitions and Consistency in the Fossil Record
* Biogeography
* Comparative Anatomy
* Unintelligent Design: Vestigial Structures and Imperfections, and
Atavisms
* Molecular Biology
* The Embryo: 'Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny' (in part anyway)
* Summary
* Typical Student Questions
* Review Questions
* Discussion Questions
* Key Terms
* Key Individuals
* Recommended Print and Online Resources
* Chapter 4: Evolutionary Pathways
* Introduction
* Family Trees and Bushes
* Two Concepts that are Hard to Grasp
* Deep Time
* Continental Drift
* Taxonomy
* Traits
* Genus and Beyond
* Species
* So Is a Bird a Reptile, or What?
* So What is Louie?
* Concesters: They've Come a Long Way Since Then
* Long Live the Kingdoms (or Maybe Not)
* Changing Kingdoms
* Animalia
* Running through the family: From Farthest to our Closest Relations
Mammals
* Primates and Their Evolution
* Fossil Primates
* Proconsul: The Speciating Genus
* Gigantopithecus:King Kong Lives
* Summary
* Typical Student Questions
* Review Questions
* Discussion Questions
* Key Terms
* Recommended Print and Online Resources
* Chapter 5: Primates: Taxonomy and Behaviour
* Preface: The Dread of Apes
* Introduction
* Primatology
* An Ape Is NOT a Monkey
* Dental Patterns
* Taxonomy
* Suborders
* Strepsiirhini
* What I Used to Teach
* Haplorrhini
* Tarsiiformes (Tarsiers)
* Simiformes (the Primates Formerly Known as Anthropoids)
* Platyrrhinii (New World Monkeys)
* Catarrhini (Old World Monkeys and Apes)
* Old World Monkeys: Cercopithecoidae (Superfamily) and Cercopithecidae
(Family)
* A Close Look at Some Catarrhini Species
* Baboons
* Gibbons
* Great Apes and Humans: A Taxonomic Shift
* Orangutans
* Gorillas
* Chimpanzees and Bonobos
* Bonobos
* Summary
* Typical Student Questions
* Review Questions
* Discussion Questions
* key Species
* Key Terms
* Key Individuals
* Recommended Print and Online Resources
* Chapter 6: Hominins before Homo
* Introduction
* Key Anatomical Terms
* The Arm or Upper Limb
* The Leg or Lower Limb
* The Skull or Cranium
* Bipedalism
* The Return of the Lumpers and the Splitters and the Difficulties of
Naming Dead Species
* The Species Concept and Its Difficulties
* Vestigial Structures and Imperfections
* Fossil Hominin Species
* Sahelanthropus tchadensis
* Orrorin tugenensis
* Ardipithecus kadabba
* Ardipithecus ramidus
* Kenyanthropus platyops
* Australopithecus anamensis
* Australopithecus afarensis
* Australopithecus bahrelghazali
* Australopithecus africanus
* Australopithecus garhi
* Australopithecus robustus
* Australopithecus boisei
* Summary
* Typical Student Questions
* Review Questions
* Discussion Questions
* Key Species
* Key Terms
* Key Individuals
* Key Specimens
* Recommended Print and Online Resources
* Chapter 7: Early Homo
* Introduction
* The Brain Game
* Homo habilis
* KNM-ER 1470 and the Great Cranial Capacity Debate
* Two recent Finds
* Dating H.Habilis
* Final Thoughts on the 'Handyman'
* Homo rudolfensis
* Homo erectus
* Why Do They Have Thick Skulls?
* The Movius Line
* The Big Complication
* Homo erectus Finds in Indonesia
* Eugene Dubois and the Discovery of Homo erectus
* Mojokerto Child
* Sangiran
* Ngandong
* Homo erectus Finds in China
* Homo erectus pekinensis: Peking Man
* Fire
* Homo erectus finds in Africa
* Homo erectus/ergaster
* Turkana Boy
* KNM-ER 1808
* Related Species: H.georgicus and H. floresiensis
* Homo georgicus
* Homo floresiensis
* Summary
* Review Questions
* Discussion Questions
* Key Terms
* Key Individuals
* Recommended Print and Online Resources
* Chapter 8: Transition to Modern Homo sapiens
* Introduction
* Modern Homo Sapiens: Lumper's and Splitter's Taxonomy
* The Origins of 'Modern' Human Beings
* Changing from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens
* The Origins of Homo sapiens: Three Hypotheses
* Out of Africa
* Multiregionalism
* Clinal Replacement
* Tool Talk, Part 1
* Mode 1
* Mode 2
* Mode 3
* Mode 4
* Homo heidelbergensis
* Significant European Finds
* Heidelberg Jaw
* Steinheim Skull
* Swanscombe Skull
* Petralona Skull
* Arago XXI or Tautavel Man
* Sima de los Huesos (the Pit of Bones)
* Boxgrove Man
* Gran Dolina
* Homo cepranensis
* The Schöningen Spears
* Upper Palaeolithic
* Cro-Magnon
* Ancient mtDNA
* Significant African Finds
* Kabwe (Broken Hill) Skull
* Florisbad I
* Salé Cranium
* LH18 (Ngaloba)
* Bodo Cranium
* UA-31 (Buia)
* Omo I and II
* H. Sapiens idaltu (Herto)
* Klasies River
* Border Cave
* Skhul 5
* Qafzeh Cave
* Significant Chinese Finds
* Dali Cranium
* Jinniushan Man
* Maba Cranium
* Liujiang
* Summary
* Typical Student Questions
* Review Questions
* Discussion Questions
* Key Specimens and Species
* Key Terms
* Recommended Print and Online Resources
* Chapter 9: Neandertal
* Introduction
* Neandertal in Popular Culture
* Location and Time Period
* The Physical Description
* Early Neanderthal Finds
* The Feldhofer Find: Naming the Other
* Other Early Finds
* The Spiritual Cannibal: Remaking Neandertal into a Human
* Flowers and Compassion: Shanidar Cave, Iraq
* Why Did Neandertal Become Extinct?
* Theory 1: Violence between Cro-Magnon and Neandertal?
* Theory 2: Differences in Hunting Practices Were Neanderthals Bad
Hunters...
* Or were they Turrific Hunters?
* Theory 3: Differences in the Toolbox
* Tool Talk, Part 2
* What's in the Toolbox
* Anatomy versus Culture: Who Was Better in the Cold?
* Gorham's Cave
* The Famous Fossil Femur Flute
* Hybrids
* Lapedo Child
* The Romanian Evidence
* Spanish Teeth
* Mitochondrial Evidence
* Mezmaiskaya Cave
* Pitfalls of mtDNA Studies
* The Neanderthal Genome
* Summary
* Typical Student Questions
* Review Questions
* Discussion Questions
* Key Terms
* Key Individuals
* Recommended Print and Online Resources
* Chapter 10: Human Variation
* Introduction
* Variation within(Non-human) Species
* Phases, Mutations, and Breeds
* Subspecies
* A Brief Look at the History of the Race Concept in Science
* Defining the Races: Blumenbach, Morton, and Coon The Race Game: Other
Problems
* Skin Colour as a Racializer
* Skin Colour: Frequently Asked Student Questions and Rarely Given
Answers
* Eye Colour
* The Cephalic Index: Race and Plasticity
* Dental Anthropology
* The Genetic Approach
* Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
* Y-Chromosome: the General Picture
* Race and Measurement: A Modern Perspective
* Race and Disease
* Blood Disorder and Race
* Sickle-Cell Anemia
* Thalassemia
* Tay-Sachs
* Tay-Sachs
* The Thrifty Gene
* Lactose Intolerance
* HIV and CC5 delta-32
* Summary
* Typical Student Questions
* Review Questions
* Discussion Questions
* Key Terms
* Key Individuals
* Recommended Print and Online Resources
* Chapter 11: Recent History: Ethics, Migrations, and the Physical
Costs of Agriculture
* Introduction
* Ethics
* The Case for Science
* Overcoming the Bias of the Book
* The Case Against Science
* The People's Rightful Connection to the Bones
* Stories of Trophies of Science
* George A. Dorsey and the Haida
* What about Now? Science and Ethics Today
* NAGPRA and the Kennewick Man Dispute
* Canadian Cases
* Kwaday Dan ts'inchi
* Ethical Consideration in South and Central American Cases
* Latin America: A Different Attitude toward the Dead
* Inca Mummies: Whose Are They?
* Trying to Resolve the Issue of Aboriginal Osteology
* Learning About the Culture of a People
* The Iceman
* The Shift of Agriculture: Effects on the Body
* The Peopling of the Americas
* They Came from Asia
* The Archaeological Evidence
* The Linguistic Evidence
* The Beringia Refuge Hypothesis
* The Genetic Evidence: Y-Chromosomes and the Americas
* The Cranial Evidence: Skull versus Genes
* Summary
* Typical Student Questions
* Review Questions
* Discussion Questions
* Key Terms
* Key Individuals
* Recommended print and Online Resources
* Chapter 12: Forensic Anthropology
* Introduction: Fact meets Fiction
* How Do You Know You're Going to Be a Forensic Anthropologist
* A Brief History of Forensic Anthropology
* Thomas Dwight, Father of the American Forensic Anthropology
* George A. Dorsey and the Case of the Sausage Maker's Wife
* Clyde Snow and the Angel of Death
* William Bass and The Body Farm
* Forensic Analysis Step-by-Step
* Determining That the Body Is Human
* Numbering the Skeletons
* Sexing the Skeleton
* Racing the Skeleton
* Aging the Skeleton
* Estimating Skeletal Stature
* Establishing Cause of Death
* Forensic Anthropology in Action: Two Canadian Cases
* The Case of the Swansea Skull
* The Robert Pickton Case
* Unidentified Persons: A Sample from the RCMP Cold Case Files
* Human Rights Work: Witnessing to World Oppression
* The Equipo Argentino de Antropologia, or Argentine Forensic
Anthropology Team: From Disappeared to Witness for the Prosecution
* Clea Koff: The Bone Woman
* Typical Student Questions
* Review Questions
* Discussion Questions
* Key Terms
* Key Individuals
* Recommended Print and Online Resources
* Chapter 13: Conclusions
* Introduction: A Changing Field
* New Thoughts on the Species Concept
* New Thoughts on Genetic Dating: The Penguins Speak Speak
* New Thoughts on Race: What Is the Place of Race in Physical
Anthropology Today?
* New Thoughts on Physical Anthropologists
* New Thoughts on Bipedalism
* New Thoughts on Human Evolution
* New Thoughts on Nations: Seeking the Taino
* Concluding Statements
* Discussion Questions
* Key Terms
* Key Species
* Key Individuals
* If You Were to Read 10 Books
* Other Recommended Resources
* Glossary
* Bibliography
* Credits
* Index