Michael Crawford is an independent consultant and writer on the Middle East. He served the British government in London and overseas, including in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Yemen and Pakistan, from 1981 to 2009. He previously gained a First in Jurisprudence and an M.Phil in modern Middle Eastern studies from Oxford. He was called to the Bar in 1978.
INTRODUCTION 1 THE WAHHABI PHENOMENON Contested Origins Divisive Sect or New Orthodoxy? Backward-Looking or Ahead of Its Time? Religious Universalism and Political Particularism Sources of a Controversial History 2 AGITATOR FOR GOD Scion of a Small Town Culture Regional Travel and Early Influences Response to an Ecumenical Challenge? Narrow Window on the Wider Islamic World Relaunching the Campaign for Godliness The al-`Uyayna Years 3 GUIDE OF THE COMMUNITY Alliance with the Al Sa`ud of al-Dir`iyya Overturning the Status Quo The Battle for Najd Later Career Personality 4 CHAMPION OF TRUE BELIEF Ibn `Abd al-Wahhab
s Writings Assertion of Orthodoxy Oneness of God Tawhid in Action Friends, Enemies, and the Fifth Column A Community Apart 5 IDEOLOGUE OF STRUGGLE Excommunication (Takfir) Secondary Takfir and Emigration (Hijra) Jihad 6 SCOURGE OF POLYTHEISTS Sunni Clerical Opponents The Bedouin Customary Law Takfir of the Bedouin Tribalism and the Bedouin Holy Men, Cults, and Sufis The Shi`a 7 THE REGIME OF GODLINESS AND THE POLITICAL ORDER Explaining the Genesis of Wahhabism Social and Economic Trends State Formation and the Regime of Godliness Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong Government and the Political Order Obedience to the Ruler Princes and Clerics Imamate Administration of Justice Social Justice Conclusion 8 WAHHABISM, SAUDI STATES, AND FOREIGN POWERS Saudi Expansion and Conquest of the Holy Cities Spreading the Word Destruction of al-Dir`iyya Wahhabi View of the Ottomans Saudis and Christian Powers The Second Saudi State
s Uneven Career Civil War and Collapse of the Second Saudi State Restoration and Renewal The Ikhwan and Internal Dissidence Senior Clerics Become Officials The Nasserist Challenge and the Saudi Bid for Islamic Leadership 9 WAHHABISM AND RELIGIOUS RADICALISM IN SAUDI ARABIA The Trauma of Juhayman The
Awakening
Jihadism 10 IBN `ABD AL-WAHHAB
S LEGACY Bibliography Further Reading Index
