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Hard water is water that has high mineral content mainly calcium and magnesium ions in contrast with soft water. Hard water minerals primarily consist of calcium Ca2+, and magnesium Mg2+ metal cations, and sometimes other dissolved compounds such as bicarbonates and sulfates. Calcium usually enters the water as either calcium carbonate CaCO3, in the form of limestone and chalk, or calcium sulfate CaSO4, in the form of other mineral deposits. The predominant source of magnesium is dolomite CaMgCO3)2. Hard water is generally not harmful to one's health. The simplest way to determine the hardness of water is the lather/froth test: soap or toothpaste, when agitated, lathers easily in soft water but not in hard water. More exact measurements of hardness can be obtained through a wet titration.