Foreign capital and free trade policies have provoked fierce conflicts in South America in recent years. People in Colombia and Peru engaged in often violent clashes to defend their livelihoods against the encroachments of the free market and the impositions of Wall Street. Farmers organized to save their lands from foreign mining corporations, and cities fought to save their water from contamination. Native Americans blocked highways to preserve ancestral lands, while students paralyzed universities and called for reforms to higher education. The shift toward socialism in Venezuela, led by…mehr
Foreign capital and free trade policies have provoked fierce conflicts in South America in recent years. People in Colombia and Peru engaged in often violent clashes to defend their livelihoods against the encroachments of the free market and the impositions of Wall Street. Farmers organized to save their lands from foreign mining corporations, and cities fought to save their water from contamination. Native Americans blocked highways to preserve ancestral lands, while students paralyzed universities and called for reforms to higher education. The shift toward socialism in Venezuela, led by President Hugo Chavez, was bitterly opposed by privileged groups. Governments tried to quell the turmoil through repression, political maneuvering and propaganda. This book provides a dramatic account of the struggles.
Rene De La Pedraja, PhD, University of Chicago, has researched and written numerous publications. He is a professor of history at Canisius College in Buffalo, New York.
Inhaltsangabe
Table of Contents Preface 1. Venezuela: From the Fourth Republic to Hugo Chávez The Failure of the Fourth Republic PDVSA: A State Within a State The Emergence of Hugo Chávez 2. Peru: The Return of Dictatorship The Partnership with Vladimiro Montesinos The Alberto Fujimori Dictatorship The First Reelection 3. The United States and the Crisis in Peru The Second Reelection of Alberto Fujimori The Last Battle of Vladimiro Montesinos The Unraveling The Transition 4. Initial Attempts at Transformation Venezuela: New Constitution and Task Forces Peru: The Start of the Alejandro Toledo Presidency Decentralization in Peru Under Alejandro Toledo 5. Venezuela: The Coup of April 2002 The 49 Decree Laws The Coup Attempt of 11 April 2002 Peter the Brief 6. Two Decisive Turns in 2002 Colombia: The Rise of Álvaro Uribe Vélez Peru: From the Arequipazo to the Andahuaylas Revolt 7. Venezuela: The Second Attempt to Overthrow Chávez Missed Opportunity The Petroleum Strike: December 2002-February 2003 8. Colombia: The Álvaro Uribe Vélez Presidency The War Against Guerrillas The Challenge to the Political Class The Problem of the Paramilitaries 9. Venezuela: The Best Years of the Chávez Presidency The Third Effort to Oust Chávez: The Recall Election of 2004 The Opposition in Disarray Attempts to Transform Venezuela 10. Peru: Ups and Downs of the Alejandro Toledo Presidency Reaching for the Sky The Agony of the Alejandro Toledo Presidency 11. Blows Against the Left Colombia: The Reelection of Álvaro Uribe Vélez The 2006 Presidential Campaign in Peru 12. Venezuela and Peru: From Success to Setback The Bolivarian Revolution: From Euphoria to Repudiation Peru: From Honeymoon to Social Conflict 13. Peru: The Self-Destruction of the Alán García Presidency New Outbreaks of Violence The Scandal of the Petro Audios The Final Blow: The Bagua Massacre 14. The Bolivarian Revolution on the Offensive, 2008-2011 PSUV, Nationalizations and Elections 2009: The Decisive Year The Struggle to Safeguard Society Food Scarcity and Agriculture The End of the Offensive 15. The Álvaro Uribe Presidency in Distress The Twilight of the Uribe Presidency Three Scandals The Third Term and the Presidential Election of 2010 16. Peru: The Nationalist Reaction The Presidential Campaign of 2011 Ollanta Humala: Defining the Presidency The Ongoing Struggle Over the Conga Mining Project 17. Transitions in Venezuela and Colombia The Agony of the Hugo Chávez Presidency Course Corrections in Colombia 18. The Closing of a Period Colombia: The Struggle for Peace Peru: Trapped in Conflicts Venezuela: The Bolivarian Revolution on the Defensive Chapter Notes Annotated Bibliography Index
Table of Contents Preface 1. Venezuela: From the Fourth Republic to Hugo Chávez The Failure of the Fourth Republic PDVSA: A State Within a State The Emergence of Hugo Chávez 2. Peru: The Return of Dictatorship The Partnership with Vladimiro Montesinos The Alberto Fujimori Dictatorship The First Reelection 3. The United States and the Crisis in Peru The Second Reelection of Alberto Fujimori The Last Battle of Vladimiro Montesinos The Unraveling The Transition 4. Initial Attempts at Transformation Venezuela: New Constitution and Task Forces Peru: The Start of the Alejandro Toledo Presidency Decentralization in Peru Under Alejandro Toledo 5. Venezuela: The Coup of April 2002 The 49 Decree Laws The Coup Attempt of 11 April 2002 Peter the Brief 6. Two Decisive Turns in 2002 Colombia: The Rise of Álvaro Uribe Vélez Peru: From the Arequipazo to the Andahuaylas Revolt 7. Venezuela: The Second Attempt to Overthrow Chávez Missed Opportunity The Petroleum Strike: December 2002-February 2003 8. Colombia: The Álvaro Uribe Vélez Presidency The War Against Guerrillas The Challenge to the Political Class The Problem of the Paramilitaries 9. Venezuela: The Best Years of the Chávez Presidency The Third Effort to Oust Chávez: The Recall Election of 2004 The Opposition in Disarray Attempts to Transform Venezuela 10. Peru: Ups and Downs of the Alejandro Toledo Presidency Reaching for the Sky The Agony of the Alejandro Toledo Presidency 11. Blows Against the Left Colombia: The Reelection of Álvaro Uribe Vélez The 2006 Presidential Campaign in Peru 12. Venezuela and Peru: From Success to Setback The Bolivarian Revolution: From Euphoria to Repudiation Peru: From Honeymoon to Social Conflict 13. Peru: The Self-Destruction of the Alán García Presidency New Outbreaks of Violence The Scandal of the Petro Audios The Final Blow: The Bagua Massacre 14. The Bolivarian Revolution on the Offensive, 2008-2011 PSUV, Nationalizations and Elections 2009: The Decisive Year The Struggle to Safeguard Society Food Scarcity and Agriculture The End of the Offensive 15. The Álvaro Uribe Presidency in Distress The Twilight of the Uribe Presidency Three Scandals The Third Term and the Presidential Election of 2010 16. Peru: The Nationalist Reaction The Presidential Campaign of 2011 Ollanta Humala: Defining the Presidency The Ongoing Struggle Over the Conga Mining Project 17. Transitions in Venezuela and Colombia The Agony of the Hugo Chávez Presidency Course Corrections in Colombia 18. The Closing of a Period Colombia: The Struggle for Peace Peru: Trapped in Conflicts Venezuela: The Bolivarian Revolution on the Defensive Chapter Notes Annotated Bibliography Index
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