Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials

Herausgegeben:Pearce, Eli

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Flammability has been recognized as an increasingly important social and scientific problem. Fire statistics in the United States (Report of the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control. "America Burning:' 1973) emphasized the vast devastation to life and property--12.000 lives lost annually due to fire. and these deaths are usually caused by inhaling smoke or toxic gases: 300.000 fire injuries: 11.4 billion dollars in fire cost at which 2.7 billion dollars is related to property loss: a billion dollars to burn injury treatment: and 3.3 billion dollars in productivity loss. It is obvious that much human and economic misery can be attributed to fire situations. In relation to this. polymer flammability has been recognized as an in creasingly important social and scientific problem. The development of flame-retardant polymeric materials is a current example where the initia tive for major scientific and technological developments is motivated by sociological pressure and legislation. This is part of the important trend toward a safer environment and sets a pattern for future example. Flame retardancy deals with our basic everyday life situations-housing. work areas. transportation. clothing and so forth-the "macroenvironment" capsule within which "homosapiens" live. As a result. flame-retardant polymers are now emerging as a specific class of materials leading to new and diversified scientific and technological ventures.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer / Springer US / Springer, Berlin
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 978-1-4684-2150-7
• Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1975
• Seitenzahl: 472
• Erscheinungstermin: 14. Mai 2013
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 229mm x 152mm x 26mm
• Gewicht: 678g
• ISBN-13: 9781468421507
• ISBN-10: 1468421506
• Artikelnr.: 39914673

Inhaltsangabe

1Combustion of Polymers and Its Retardation.- 2 Brief Description of the Phases of Polymer Degradation and Combustion.- 3. Analysis of the Combustion Process and Pertinent Aspects of Flame Retardation.- 4. Semiquantitative Evaluation of Polymer Flammability: The Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI).- 2Technology and Test Methods of Flameproofing of Cellulosics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Nondurable Flame Retardants.- 3. Semidurable Flame Retardants.- 4 Flame-Resistant Cotton Flote.- 5 Durable Flame Retardants.- 6. Halogens as Flame Retardants.- 7. Flame-Retardant Treatment of Wood, Board, and Paper.- 8. Testing Methods.- 9. References.- 3 Flame Retardance of Protein Fibers.- 1 The Structure of Protein Fibers.- 2 Flammability of Wool.- 3 Mechanism of Thermal Degradation and Combustion.- 4 Smoke Emission and Toxic Fumes.- 5 Mechanism of Flame Retardancy.- 6 Flame-Retardant Treatments.- 7. References.- 4 Flame-Retardant Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Nonreactive Additives.- 3 Ethylene Terephthalate Copolymers.- 4 Fiber and Fabric Treatments.- 5 Fabric Flammability.- 6 References.- 5 Flame Retardance of Rubbers.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Nature of Burning of Rubber.- 3 Flammability Testing.- 4 Smoke Generation.- 5 Flame Retardancy of Rubbers.- 6 Commercial Rubbers.- 7. Conclusion.- 8. References.- 6 Retardation of Combustion of Polyamides.- 1.Introduction.- 2. Factors Affecting the Combustion and Related Processes of Polyamides.- 3. Thermal and Thermal-Oxidative Degradation of Different Polyamides.- 4. Assessment of Physicochemical Changes in Degrading Polyamides.- 5. Stabilization Against Combustion.- 6. New Trends.- 7. Conclusion.- 8. References.- 7 Relationship Between Chemical Structure and Flammability Resistance of Polyurethanes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Effect of Structure on Flammability of Urethane Foams.- 2 Modified Urethane Foams.- 4 References.- 8 Retardation of Combustion of Phenolic, Urea-Formaldehyde, Epoxy, and Related Resin Systems.- 1 Introduction.- 2. Phenolic Resins.- 3. Furan Resins.- 4. Urea-Formaldehyde Resins.- 5. Melamine Resins.- 6. Epoxy Resins.- 6.1. Flame Retardation in Epoxy Resins.- 7. Summary.- 8. References.- 9 Candle-Type Test for Flammability of Polymers.- 1. Flammability Measurements.- 2. Critical Oxygen Indexes of Polymers.- 3. A Candle Model of a Burning Polymer.- 4. Polyethylene Burning and a Possible Limitation of the Candle Model.- 5. Modes of Inhibiting the Flammability of Candle-Burning Polymers.- 6. Inhibition by Antimony.- 7. Inhibition by Chlorine.- 8. Inhibition by Dripping.- 9. Inhibition by Fillers.- 10. References.- 10 Flame-Retardant Organic Coatings.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Architectural Coatings.- 3. Fabric Coatings.- 4. Heat-Resistant Organic Coatings.- 5. References.