This book considers the complexities of human nature from a biological, psychological, and evolutionary standpoint and demonstrates how common modern behaviors can be traced back to early man. From common phobias to our interactions with the opposite sex, the traits and behaviors that helped us to survive and thrive tens of thousands of years ago continue to have an impact on our thought processes, tendencies, and actions today. This fascinating reference examines the history, major themes and findings, and future direction of evolutionary psychology, a theory defined by a human being's…mehr
This book considers the complexities of human nature from a biological, psychological, and evolutionary standpoint and demonstrates how common modern behaviors can be traced back to early man. From common phobias to our interactions with the opposite sex, the traits and behaviors that helped us to survive and thrive tens of thousands of years ago continue to have an impact on our thought processes, tendencies, and actions today. This fascinating reference examines the history, major themes and findings, and future direction of evolutionary psychology, a theory defined by a human being's ability to adapt and change in confluence with its environment. The work highlights contemporary debates and enduring questions in the field. Filled with fascinating insights into the mind/body connection, the book addresses the evolutionary traits that can answer questions such as "Why do people crave cheeseburgers, chips, and chocolate?", "How do men and women think about problems differently?", and "Why do people cheat?" Each chapter has thematic headings, and topics include survival, mating, parenting, culture, and religion, among others. A list of references and suggested readings after each chapter points readers toward additional sources of information.
Introduction Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Basic Things to Know The Real World Levels of Analysis Adaptive Problems Evolution by Natural (and Sexual) Selection Natural Selection Sexual Selection Basic Tenets of Evolution Variation Genetic Heritability Competition Products of Evolution Adaptations By-Products Noise Common Misunderstandings and Critiques Genetic Determinism Just-So Stories Falsifiability Extreme Adaptationism The False Dichotomy of Nature versus Nurture The False Equivalency of Is = Should Be References and Further Readings Chapter 2: Survival The Real World Landscape Preferences Food Cooking Caloric Availability Hazardous Foods Conspecifics Behavioral Immune System Social Exchange Fear Across the Lifespan Prepared Learning Attention and Perception Biological Preparedness References and Further Readings Chapter 3: Mating The Real World Minimal Parental Investment Mate Value Assortative Mating Indicators of Mate Value Mating Strategies Long Term Short Term Sexual Conflict Life History Mate Attraction Enhancing Perceived Value Olfaction Competition and Cooperation Mate Retention Benefit Provisioning Cost Inflicting Discriminant Use Mating Effort References and Further Readings Chapter 4: Fitness and Kinship The Real World Genetics and Heredity The Building Blocks of Life Coefficient of Relationship Inclusive Fitness Kin Selection Kin Recognition Propinquity Matching Recognition Alleles Familiarity Kin Conflict ParentOffspring Conflict Siblings Selfish Gene References and Further Readings Chapter 5: Emotions The Real World Basic Emotions Specified Physiology Universality Reliability Immediacy and Automaticity Evolved Function Coordination of Evolved Mechanisms and Behavior Decision Making Recognition Faking Individual Differences References and Further Readings Chapter 6: Cognition Consciousness and Development The Real World Cognition Executive Functioning Neuroanatomy Consciousness Neuroanatomy Function Process Big Brains Altriciality Ontogenetic Adaptations Some Proposed Ontogenetic Adaptations Play Immaturity Epigenetic Inheritance Species-Typical versus Atypical Experience Typical Atypical Recapitulation Theory References and Further Readings Chapter 7: Society Language and Culture The Real World Self-Awareness Theory of Mind In-Groups and Out-Groups Social Hierarchy Leadership Leader States and Traits Leadership Strategies Group Cooperation Cheater Detection Logic and Reason Cues Language Memetics Good Memes Modern Memes References and Further Readings Chapter 8: Supernatural Agency: a.k.a. of Ghosts and Gods The Real World Ghosts Speaking Well of the Dead Moral Guardians Gods Religious Universals Religion as an Adaptation An Afterlife Other Benefits Promoting Beliefs Making Ghosts References and Further Readings Chapter 9: Practical Applications The Real World Evolutionary Clinical Psychology Education Folk Knowledge Secondary Abilities School and Modern Learning Individual Differences The Law and Social Policy The Environment and Sustainability Marketing Neuromarketing Personal Space and Communication Viral Marketing Darwinian Medicine Personal Health Public Health References and Further Readings Chapter 10: Other Interesting Things The Real World Politics Understanding Numbers Ancestral DNA Today Neanderthal Adaptations Denisovan Adaptations Free Will Domestication Domestication Phenotype Behavior Physiology Menopause Laughing Spontaneous Laughter Laughter in Conversation Contagious Laughter References and Further Readings Glossary Index
Introduction Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Basic Things to Know The Real World Levels of Analysis Adaptive Problems Evolution by Natural (and Sexual) Selection Natural Selection Sexual Selection Basic Tenets of Evolution Variation Genetic Heritability Competition Products of Evolution Adaptations By-Products Noise Common Misunderstandings and Critiques Genetic Determinism Just-So Stories Falsifiability Extreme Adaptationism The False Dichotomy of Nature versus Nurture The False Equivalency of Is = Should Be References and Further Readings Chapter 2: Survival The Real World Landscape Preferences Food Cooking Caloric Availability Hazardous Foods Conspecifics Behavioral Immune System Social Exchange Fear Across the Lifespan Prepared Learning Attention and Perception Biological Preparedness References and Further Readings Chapter 3: Mating The Real World Minimal Parental Investment Mate Value Assortative Mating Indicators of Mate Value Mating Strategies Long Term Short Term Sexual Conflict Life History Mate Attraction Enhancing Perceived Value Olfaction Competition and Cooperation Mate Retention Benefit Provisioning Cost Inflicting Discriminant Use Mating Effort References and Further Readings Chapter 4: Fitness and Kinship The Real World Genetics and Heredity The Building Blocks of Life Coefficient of Relationship Inclusive Fitness Kin Selection Kin Recognition Propinquity Matching Recognition Alleles Familiarity Kin Conflict ParentOffspring Conflict Siblings Selfish Gene References and Further Readings Chapter 5: Emotions The Real World Basic Emotions Specified Physiology Universality Reliability Immediacy and Automaticity Evolved Function Coordination of Evolved Mechanisms and Behavior Decision Making Recognition Faking Individual Differences References and Further Readings Chapter 6: Cognition Consciousness and Development The Real World Cognition Executive Functioning Neuroanatomy Consciousness Neuroanatomy Function Process Big Brains Altriciality Ontogenetic Adaptations Some Proposed Ontogenetic Adaptations Play Immaturity Epigenetic Inheritance Species-Typical versus Atypical Experience Typical Atypical Recapitulation Theory References and Further Readings Chapter 7: Society Language and Culture The Real World Self-Awareness Theory of Mind In-Groups and Out-Groups Social Hierarchy Leadership Leader States and Traits Leadership Strategies Group Cooperation Cheater Detection Logic and Reason Cues Language Memetics Good Memes Modern Memes References and Further Readings Chapter 8: Supernatural Agency: a.k.a. of Ghosts and Gods The Real World Ghosts Speaking Well of the Dead Moral Guardians Gods Religious Universals Religion as an Adaptation An Afterlife Other Benefits Promoting Beliefs Making Ghosts References and Further Readings Chapter 9: Practical Applications The Real World Evolutionary Clinical Psychology Education Folk Knowledge Secondary Abilities School and Modern Learning Individual Differences The Law and Social Policy The Environment and Sustainability Marketing Neuromarketing Personal Space and Communication Viral Marketing Darwinian Medicine Personal Health Public Health References and Further Readings Chapter 10: Other Interesting Things The Real World Politics Understanding Numbers Ancestral DNA Today Neanderthal Adaptations Denisovan Adaptations Free Will Domestication Domestication Phenotype Behavior Physiology Menopause Laughing Spontaneous Laughter Laughter in Conversation Contagious Laughter References and Further Readings Glossary Index
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