Despite the many difficulties encountered and shortcomings noted, the education system in Mali has undergone rapid development, at least in quantitative terms, over the decades from 1990 to 2010. A number of factors have been at the root of certain satisfactory results. This book reviews and analyzes the various policies formulated, reforms and pedagogical innovations implemented by the various governments that have succeeded one another at the head of the Malian state, from the pre-colonial period to the present day (2018). The objective of this book is to provide educational policy makers, administrators and professionals, researchers and students in education sciences with a valuable working tool that can serve as a reference for future actions that can be taken to ensure the full development of the Malian education system. This book is the result of intensive documentary research in ministerial offices in charge of education, national and regional education departments, and educational research institutes.