The field's bestselling reference, updated with the latest tools, data, and techniques Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Health is a practical introduction to the tools, methods, and procedures used worldwide to perform cost-effective research. Covering every aspect of a complete cost-effectiveness analysis, this book shows you how to find which data you need, where to find it, how to analyze it, and how to prepare a high-quality report for publication. Designed for the classroom or the individual learner, the material is presented in simple and accessible language for those who lack a…mehr
The field's bestselling reference, updated with the latest tools, data, and techniques Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Health is a practical introduction to the tools, methods, and procedures used worldwide to perform cost-effective research. Covering every aspect of a complete cost-effectiveness analysis, this book shows you how to find which data you need, where to find it, how to analyze it, and how to prepare a high-quality report for publication. Designed for the classroom or the individual learner, the material is presented in simple and accessible language for those who lack a biostatistics or epidemiology background, and each chapter includes real-world examples and "tips and tricks" that highlight key information. Exercises throughout allow you to test your understanding with practical application, and the companion website features downloadable data sets for students, as well as lecture slides and a test bank for instructors. This new third edition contains new discussion on meta-analysis and advanced modeling techniques, a long worked example using visual modeling software TreeAge Pro, and updated recommendations from the U.S. Public Health Service's Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Cost-effectiveness analysis is used to evaluate medical interventions worldwide, in both developed and developing countries. This book provides process-specific instruction in a concise, structured format to give you a robust working knowledge of common methods and techniques. * Develop a thoroughly fleshed-out research project * Work accurately with costs, probabilities, and models * Calculate life expectancy and quality-adjusted life years * Prepare your study and your data for publication Comprehensive analysis skills are essential for students seeking careers in public health, medicine, biomedical research, health economics, health policy, and more. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Health walks you through the process from a real-world perspective to help you build a skillset that's immediately applicable in the field.
PETER MUENNIG, MD, MPH, is a professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at Columbia University. MARK BOUNTHAVONG, PharmD, MPH is a pharmacoeconomist at the Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System and an adjunct faculty member of the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of California, San Diego.
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List of Tables, Figures, and Exhibits Preface Acknowledgments About the Author Chapter 1: Introduction to Cost-Effectiveness Learning Objectives Overview Why Cost-Effectiveness Is Useful Elements of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis The Average and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio Why Conduct Cost-Effectiveness Analysis? The Reference Case Analysis Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and Policy Summary Further Readings References Chapter 2: Principles of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Learning Objectives Overview The Perspective of a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Capturing Costs Capturing Quality Interpreting the Cost-Effectiveness Ratio Types of Economic Analysis Summary Further Readings References Chapter 3: Developing a Research Project Learning Objectives Overview Eight Steps to a Perfect Research Project Developing a Research Question Designing Your Analysis Summary Further Readings References Chapter 4: Working with Costs Learning Objectives Overview Opportunity Costs Identifying Costs Micro-Costing and Gross Costing Getting Cost Data Using Diagnosis Codes Adjusting Costs Costs Associated with Pain and Suffering Assessing the "Relevancy" of Cost Data Other Cost Considerations Summary Further Readings References Chapter 5: Probabilities and Decision Analysis Models Learning Objectives Overview The Idea Behind Decision Analysis Probabilities Decision Analysis Models Summary Further Reading References Chapter 6: Calculating Life Expectancy Learning Objectives Overview Hand-Calculating Years Gained Calculating Life-Years Lost Using Markov Models Summary Further Readings References Chapter 7: Working with Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measures Learning Objectives Overview Framework Deriving HRQL Scores Other Considerations and Reminders Using Disability-Adjusted Life-Years Summary Further Readings References Chapter 8: Calculating QALYs Learning Objectives Overview Using the Summation Method Using the Life Table Method More On Discounting Issues with QALYs Calculating Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Disability-Adjusted Life-Year (DALY) Summary Further Readings References Chapter 9: Conducting a Sensitivity Analysis Learning Objectives Overview Performing a Sensitivity Analysis One-Way Sensitivity Analysis Two-Way Sensitivity Analysis Tornado Diagram Multiway Sensitivity Analysis Summary Further Readings References Chapter 10: Preparing Your Study for Publication Learning Objectives Overview Content and Structure of Cost-Effectiveness Articles Title and Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Other Technical Appendix Figures and Illustrations Summary Further Reading References Chapter 11: Basic Concepts in Epidemiology and Application to Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Learning Objectives Overview Review of Incidence Understanding Error Managing Error in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Calculating Weighted Means Evaluating Study Limitations Summary Further Readings References Chapter 12: Finding the Data You Need Learning Objectives Overview Finding Data in the Medical Literature Grading Published Data Using Electronic Datasets Data Extraction Tools Using Unpublished Data Using Expert Opinion Organizing Your Data Summary Further Readings References Chapter 13: A Worked Example Learning Objectives Overview Helping Students Learn Laboratory Exercise One: Building a Markov Tree Laboratory Exercise Two: Comparing Interventions Laboratory Exercise Three: The Cost-Effectiveness of Health Insurance Laboratory Exercise Four: Sensitivity Analysis Summary Appendix A: Answer Key to Exercises Appendix B: Life Expectancy and Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy Tables Appendix C: EQ-5D-5L Health Questionnaire (English Version for the United States) Appendix D: Diagnosis, Charges, Medicare Reimbursement, Average Length of Stay, and Cost-to-Charge Ratio by Diagnosis-Related Groups, 2011 Glossary Index
List of Tables, Figures, and Exhibits Preface Acknowledgments About the Author Chapter 1: Introduction to Cost-Effectiveness Learning Objectives Overview Why Cost-Effectiveness Is Useful Elements of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis The Average and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio Why Conduct Cost-Effectiveness Analysis? The Reference Case Analysis Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and Policy Summary Further Readings References Chapter 2: Principles of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Learning Objectives Overview The Perspective of a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Capturing Costs Capturing Quality Interpreting the Cost-Effectiveness Ratio Types of Economic Analysis Summary Further Readings References Chapter 3: Developing a Research Project Learning Objectives Overview Eight Steps to a Perfect Research Project Developing a Research Question Designing Your Analysis Summary Further Readings References Chapter 4: Working with Costs Learning Objectives Overview Opportunity Costs Identifying Costs Micro-Costing and Gross Costing Getting Cost Data Using Diagnosis Codes Adjusting Costs Costs Associated with Pain and Suffering Assessing the "Relevancy" of Cost Data Other Cost Considerations Summary Further Readings References Chapter 5: Probabilities and Decision Analysis Models Learning Objectives Overview The Idea Behind Decision Analysis Probabilities Decision Analysis Models Summary Further Reading References Chapter 6: Calculating Life Expectancy Learning Objectives Overview Hand-Calculating Years Gained Calculating Life-Years Lost Using Markov Models Summary Further Readings References Chapter 7: Working with Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measures Learning Objectives Overview Framework Deriving HRQL Scores Other Considerations and Reminders Using Disability-Adjusted Life-Years Summary Further Readings References Chapter 8: Calculating QALYs Learning Objectives Overview Using the Summation Method Using the Life Table Method More On Discounting Issues with QALYs Calculating Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Disability-Adjusted Life-Year (DALY) Summary Further Readings References Chapter 9: Conducting a Sensitivity Analysis Learning Objectives Overview Performing a Sensitivity Analysis One-Way Sensitivity Analysis Two-Way Sensitivity Analysis Tornado Diagram Multiway Sensitivity Analysis Summary Further Readings References Chapter 10: Preparing Your Study for Publication Learning Objectives Overview Content and Structure of Cost-Effectiveness Articles Title and Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Other Technical Appendix Figures and Illustrations Summary Further Reading References Chapter 11: Basic Concepts in Epidemiology and Application to Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Learning Objectives Overview Review of Incidence Understanding Error Managing Error in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Calculating Weighted Means Evaluating Study Limitations Summary Further Readings References Chapter 12: Finding the Data You Need Learning Objectives Overview Finding Data in the Medical Literature Grading Published Data Using Electronic Datasets Data Extraction Tools Using Unpublished Data Using Expert Opinion Organizing Your Data Summary Further Readings References Chapter 13: A Worked Example Learning Objectives Overview Helping Students Learn Laboratory Exercise One: Building a Markov Tree Laboratory Exercise Two: Comparing Interventions Laboratory Exercise Three: The Cost-Effectiveness of Health Insurance Laboratory Exercise Four: Sensitivity Analysis Summary Appendix A: Answer Key to Exercises Appendix B: Life Expectancy and Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy Tables Appendix C: EQ-5D-5L Health Questionnaire (English Version for the United States) Appendix D: Diagnosis, Charges, Medicare Reimbursement, Average Length of Stay, and Cost-to-Charge Ratio by Diagnosis-Related Groups, 2011 Glossary Index
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