Concepts in Surface Physics presents a tutorial treatment of the main concepts and phenomena of the physics of crystal surfaces. Emphasis is placed on simplified calculations - and the corresponding detailed analytical derivations - that are able to throw light on the most important physical mechanisms. More rigorous techniques, which often require a large amount of computer time, are also explained. The topics treated include thermodynamic and statistical properties of clean nd adsorbate-covered surfaces, atomic structure, vibrational properties, electronic structure, and the theory of…mehr
Concepts in Surface Physics presents a tutorial treatment of the main concepts and phenomena of the physics of crystal surfaces. Emphasis is placed on simplified calculations - and the corresponding detailed analytical derivations - that are able to throw light on the most important physical mechanisms. More rigorous techniques, which often require a large amount of computer time, are also explained. The topics treated include thermodynamic and statistical properties of clean nd adsorbate-covered surfaces, atomic structure, vibrational properties, electronic structure, and the theory of physisorption and chemisorption. As well as including some improvements on the original book, this second edition has been supplemented with problems to encourage students to investigate the subject more thoroughly.
1. Introduction.- 2. Thermodynamical and Statistical Properties of Clean Surfaces.- 2.1 Thermodynamics of a Surface at Equilibrium.- 2.2 Equilibrium Shape of a Crystal.- 2.3 Facetting.- 2.4 The Roughening Transition.- Problems.- 3. Atomic Structure of Surfaces.- 3.1 Surface Crystallography.- 3.2 Experimental Techniques.- Problems.- 4. Vibrations at Surfaces.- 4.1 Elastic Forces in Crystals.- 4.2 Bulk Modes.- 4.3 Surface Modes.- 4.4 Spectral Densities of Modes.- 4.5 Vibrational Thermodynamical Functions.- 4.6 Mean Square Displacements.- Problems.- 5. Electronic Structure of Surfaces.- 5.1 Jellium Model.- 5.2 Nearly Free Electron Model-Surface States.- 5.3 Tight-Binding Approximation.- 5.4 Application of the Tight-Binding Approximation to Transition Metal Surfaces.- 5.5 Application of the Tight-Binding Approximation to Semiconductor Surfaces.- 5.6 Other Methods.- 5.7 Surface Plasmons in Metals.- 5.8 Image Potential.- 5.9 Some Further Remarks on Exchange and Correlation Energies.- 5.10 Experimental Techniques for Investigating the Electronic Structure.- Problems.- 6. Adsorption Phenomena.- 6.1 Thermodynamical Approach.- 6.2 Statistical Methods.- 6.3 Physisorption.- 6.4 Chemisorption.- 6.5 Interactions Between Adsorbates.- 6.6 Electronic Structure of Ordered Overlayers. An Example: O on Ni(100).- Problems.- Appendices.- A. Theory of Scattering by a Spherical Potential: Brief Summary.- A.1 Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for a Particle in a Spherical Potential.- A.2 Scattering of a Free Particle by a Spherical Potential.- A.3 Friedel's Sum Rule.- B. The Continued Fraction Technique.- B.1 Principle of the Recursion Method.- B.2 Principle of the Moment Method.- B.3 Practical Calculations.- C. Electromagnetic Waves in Matter.- C.1 Brief Summary of Maxwell Equations inVacuum.- C.2 Maxwell Equations and Dielectric Properties in a Homogeneous and Isotropic Medium.- C.3 An Equivalent Description of the Dielectric Properties of a Homogeneous and Isotropic Medium: Longitudinal and Transverse Dielectric Functions.- D. Calculation of the Variation of the Total Energy Due to a Perturbing External Charge Distribution Within the Density Functional Formalism.- E. Useful Relations for the Study of Many Body Interactions.- E.1 Relation Between the Expectation Value of the Interaction Energy and the Total Energy for a System of Interacting Particle.- E.2 Derivation of the Fredholm Formula.- F. Interaction of an Electron With an Electromagnetic Field and Theory of Angle-Resolved Ultra-Violet Photoemission (UPS).- F.1 The Optical Matrix Element.- F.2 Expression of the Photoemitted Current in UPS.- F.2.1 Some Useful Relations.- F.2.2 Calculation of the Photoemitted Current in UPS.- F.3 Conservation of the Wave Vector in Photoemission.- G. Calculation of the Current in a Scanning Tunneling Microscope.- H. Calculation of the Atomic Dynamic Polarizability.- I. Variation of the Density of States Due to a Perturbing Potential.- J. Energy of Chemisorption in the Anderson-Grimley-Newns Model Using Contour Integrals.- K. Elastic Constants and Elastic Waves in Cubic Crystals.- K.1 Elastic Strain.- K.2 Elastic Stress.- K.3 Elastic Constants.- K.4 Propagation of Elastic Waves in Cubic Crystals.- K.5 Elastic Energy.- References.
1. Introduction.- 2. Thermodynamical and Statistical Properties of Clean Surfaces.- 2.1 Thermodynamics of a Surface at Equilibrium.- 2.2 Equilibrium Shape of a Crystal.- 2.3 Facetting.- 2.4 The Roughening Transition.- Problems.- 3. Atomic Structure of Surfaces.- 3.1 Surface Crystallography.- 3.2 Experimental Techniques.- Problems.- 4. Vibrations at Surfaces.- 4.1 Elastic Forces in Crystals.- 4.2 Bulk Modes.- 4.3 Surface Modes.- 4.4 Spectral Densities of Modes.- 4.5 Vibrational Thermodynamical Functions.- 4.6 Mean Square Displacements.- Problems.- 5. Electronic Structure of Surfaces.- 5.1 Jellium Model.- 5.2 Nearly Free Electron Model-Surface States.- 5.3 Tight-Binding Approximation.- 5.4 Application of the Tight-Binding Approximation to Transition Metal Surfaces.- 5.5 Application of the Tight-Binding Approximation to Semiconductor Surfaces.- 5.6 Other Methods.- 5.7 Surface Plasmons in Metals.- 5.8 Image Potential.- 5.9 Some Further Remarks on Exchange and Correlation Energies.- 5.10 Experimental Techniques for Investigating the Electronic Structure.- Problems.- 6. Adsorption Phenomena.- 6.1 Thermodynamical Approach.- 6.2 Statistical Methods.- 6.3 Physisorption.- 6.4 Chemisorption.- 6.5 Interactions Between Adsorbates.- 6.6 Electronic Structure of Ordered Overlayers. An Example: O on Ni(100).- Problems.- Appendices.- A. Theory of Scattering by a Spherical Potential: Brief Summary.- A.1 Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for a Particle in a Spherical Potential.- A.2 Scattering of a Free Particle by a Spherical Potential.- A.3 Friedel's Sum Rule.- B. The Continued Fraction Technique.- B.1 Principle of the Recursion Method.- B.2 Principle of the Moment Method.- B.3 Practical Calculations.- C. Electromagnetic Waves in Matter.- C.1 Brief Summary of Maxwell Equations inVacuum.- C.2 Maxwell Equations and Dielectric Properties in a Homogeneous and Isotropic Medium.- C.3 An Equivalent Description of the Dielectric Properties of a Homogeneous and Isotropic Medium: Longitudinal and Transverse Dielectric Functions.- D. Calculation of the Variation of the Total Energy Due to a Perturbing External Charge Distribution Within the Density Functional Formalism.- E. Useful Relations for the Study of Many Body Interactions.- E.1 Relation Between the Expectation Value of the Interaction Energy and the Total Energy for a System of Interacting Particle.- E.2 Derivation of the Fredholm Formula.- F. Interaction of an Electron With an Electromagnetic Field and Theory of Angle-Resolved Ultra-Violet Photoemission (UPS).- F.1 The Optical Matrix Element.- F.2 Expression of the Photoemitted Current in UPS.- F.2.1 Some Useful Relations.- F.2.2 Calculation of the Photoemitted Current in UPS.- F.3 Conservation of the Wave Vector in Photoemission.- G. Calculation of the Current in a Scanning Tunneling Microscope.- H. Calculation of the Atomic Dynamic Polarizability.- I. Variation of the Density of States Due to a Perturbing Potential.- J. Energy of Chemisorption in the Anderson-Grimley-Newns Model Using Contour Integrals.- K. Elastic Constants and Elastic Waves in Cubic Crystals.- K.1 Elastic Strain.- K.2 Elastic Stress.- K.3 Elastic Constants.- K.4 Propagation of Elastic Waves in Cubic Crystals.- K.5 Elastic Energy.- References.
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