Clinical Chemistry

Herausgegeben von Caroli, Sergio; Záray, Gyula

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Discover how analytical chemistry supports the latest clinical research
This book details the role played by analytical chemistry in fostering clinical research. Readers will discover how a broad range of analytical techniques support all phases of clinical research, from early stages to the implementation of practical applications. Moreover, the contributing authors' careful step-by-step guidance enables readers to better understand standardized techniques and steer clear of everyday problems that can arise in the lab.
Analytical Techniques for Clinical Chemistry opens with an overview of the legal and regulatory framework governing clinical lab analysis. Next, it details the latest progress in instrumentation and applications in such fields as biomonitoring, diagnostics, food quality, biomarkers, pharmaceuticals, and forensics. Comprised of twenty-five chapters divided into three sections exploring Fundamentals, Selected Applications, and Future Trends, the book covers such critical topics as:
Uncertainty in clinical chemistry measurements
Metal toxicology in clinical, forensic, and chemical pathology
Role of analytical chemistry in the safety of drug therapy
Atomic spectrometric techniques for the analysis of clinical samples
Biosensors for drug analysis
Use of X-ray techniques in medical research
Each chapter is written by one or more leading pioneers and experts in analytical chemistry. Contributions are based on a thorough review and analysis of the current literature as well as the authors' own firsthand experiences in the lab. References at the end of each chapter serve as a gateway to the literature, enabling readers to explore individual topics in greater depth.
Presenting the latest achievements and challenges in the field, Analytical Techniques for Clinical Chemistry sets the foundation for future advances in laboratory research techniques.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 14544527000
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 830
• Erscheinungstermin: 31. Juli 2012
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 49mm
• Gewicht: 1322g
• ISBN-13: 9780470445273
• ISBN-10: 0470445270
• Artikelnr.: 34408204

Autorenporträt

SERGIO CAROLI, PhD, was a research director in the Department of Food and Animal Safety, National Institute of Health in Rome, and Honorary Professor at Eötvös Loránd University. He is the author of approximately 400 papers and editor or coauthor of six books, including The Determination of Chemical Elements in Food: Applications for Atomic and Mass Spectrometry (Wiley). GYULA ZÁRAY, PhD, DSc, is a Professor of Analytical Chemistry and the Director of the Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Sciences at Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest. He has written more than 180 peer-reviewed publications and is the editor or coauthor of three books.

Inhaltsangabe

FOREWORD xxiii PREFACE xxv CONTRIBUTORS xxvii PART I Exploring Fundamentals
1 1. Good Clinical Practice Principles: Legal Background and Applicability
3 Umberto Filibeck, Angela Del Vecchio, and Fabrizio Galliccia 1.1.
Introduction 4 1.2. Good Clinical Practice 4 1.3. Good Clinical Practice:
Legal Background in the European Union 8 1.4. Good Clinical Practice:
Applicability in the European Union 10 1.5. Good Clinical Practice and
Bioequivalence Trials: GCP Inspections and Laboratories 13 1.6. Good
Clinical Practice for Clinical Trials with Advanced Therapy Medicinal
Product 20 1.7. Good Clinical Practice and Clinical Trials in Developing
Countries 22 2. Clinical Chemistry and the Quest for Quality 29 Sergio
Caroli 2.1. Introduction 30 2.2. Quality Today 31 2.3. Conclusions 55 3.
Uncertainty in Clinical Chemistry Measurements Including Preanalytical
Variables 59 Marit Sverresdotter Sylte, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, and Bjørn J.
Bolann 3.1. Introduction 60 3.2. Analytical Uncertainty in Laboratory
Results 62 3.3. Trueness and Traceability 67 3.4. Proficiency Testing 74
3.5. Biological Variations and Quality Goals 77 3.6. Reference Intervals 80
3.7. Estimating Preanalytical Uncertainty 83 3.8. Conclusions 92 4. The
Role and Significance of Reference Values in the Identification and
Evaluation of Trace Elements from Diet 97 Pietro Apostoli and Maria
Cristina Ricossa 4.1. Reference Values 97 4.2. Reference Values in Specific
Groups of Population: The Children Case 100 4.3. Trace Elements and Diet
106 4.4. Arsenic 108 4.5. Mercury 110 4.6. Lead 112 4.7. Chromium 114 4.8.
Cadmium 115 4.9. Conclusions 116 5. Sample Collection, Storage, and
Pretreatment in Clinical Chemistry 127 Andrew Taylor 5.1. Introduction 128
5.2. Collection Procedures 129 5.3. Storage 132 5.4. Pretreatment 133 5.5.
Conclusions 136 6. Metal Toxicology in Clinical, Forensic, and Chemical
Pathology 139 Jose A. Centeno, Todor I. Todorov, Gijsbert B. van der Voet,
and Florabel G. Mullick 6.1. Introduction 140 6.2. Biological Markers 140
6.3. Methodology for Trace Metal Ion Analysis in Clinical, Forensic, and
Chemical Pathology 141 6.4. Case Studies of Relevance to Research and
Diagnosis on Clinical Chemistry, Forensic Toxicology, and Chemical
Pathology 144 PART II Selected Applications 157 7. Elemental Speciation in
Clinical Sciences 159 Douglas M. Templeton 7.1. Introduction 159 7.2.
Selected Elements 167 7.3. Conclusions 172 8. The Role of Analytical
Chemistry in the Safety of Drug Therapy 179 Sandor Gorog 8.1. Drug Quality
and Analysis: Their Role in Drug Safety 180 8.2. Methodological Aspects 189
8.3. The Role of Analytical Chemistry in Drug Research, Development, and
Production 200 8.4. Future Trends 227 9. Analytical Techniques and Quality
Control of Pharmaceuticals 245 Fedele Manna, Francesca Rossi, and Rossella
Fioravanti 9.1. Introduction 245 9.2. Sources of Impurities in Medicines
246 9.3. Validation of Analytical Methods 247 9.4. Analytical Approaches
250 9.5. Conclusions 253 10. Detection of Drugs in Biological Fluids for
Antidoping Control 257 Sabina Strano Rossi and Marcello Chiarotti 10.1.
Introduction 257 10.2. Doping Control and Analytical Requirements 258 10.3.
Confirmation Techniques 262 10.4. Conclusions 264 11. The Applicability of
Plasma-Based Techniques to Biological Monitoring 269 Ilse Steffan and Goran
Vujicic 11.1. Introduction 269 11.2. ICP as a Spectrochemical Source 271
11.3. Element Analysis in Environmental and Biological Materials 276 11.4.
Conclusions 292 12. Atomic Spectrometric Techniques for the Analysis of
Clinical Samples 319 Pilar Bermejo Barrera, Antonio Moreda Pineiro, and
Mar?a del Carmen Barciela Alonso 12.1. Introduction 320 12.2. Analytical
Techniques 320 12.3. Sample Preparation 347 12.4. Speciation Analysis 351
12.5. Quality Control in Trace Element Determination 355 12.6. Conclusions
358 13. Applications of ICP-MS in Human Biomonitoring Studies 367 Peter
Heitland and Helmut D. Koster 13.1. Introduction 367 13.2. Advantages and
Limitations of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry 368 13.3.
Sample Collection and Storage 370 13.4. Sample Preparation 371 13.5. Human
Biomonitoring by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry 374 13.6.
Trace Element Speciation and Metallomics 382 13.7. Determination of Stable
Isotopes 384 13.8. Method Validation and Quality Assurance 384 13.9.
Conclusions 387 14. Molybdenum in Biological Samples and Clinical
Significance of Serum Molybdenum 397 Munehiro Yoshida 14.1. Introduction
397 14.2. Analysis of Molybdenum in Biological Samples by Inductively
Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry 398 14.3. Molybdenum in Food 400 14.4.
Molybdenum in Human Samples 401 14.5. Clinical Significance of Serum and
Plasma Mo 404 14.6. Conclusions 406 15. Application of Organometallic
Speciation in Clinical Studies 409 Bin He, Chungang Yuan, Jing Sun, and
Guibin Jiang 15.1. Introduction 409 15.2. Arsenic 410 15.3. Mercury 422
15.4. Tin 432 15.5. Conclusions 441 16. Biosensors for Drug Analysis 455
Daniela Deriu and Franco Mazzei 16.1. Introduction 455 16.2. Basic Concepts
456 16.3. Electrochemical Biosensors 460 16.4. Surface Plasmon Resonance
462 16.5. Biosensors for Drugs Analysis 465 16.6. Conclusions 471 17.
Bioimaging of Metals and Proteomic Studies of Clinical Samples by Laser
Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) 479 J.
Sabine Becker and J. Susanne Becker 17.1. Introduction 480 17.2. Analytical
Approaches 481 17.3. Experimental Aspects of Imaging Laser Ablation
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry 485 17.4. Conclusions 498 18.
Applications of LC-MS/MS in Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 507 Uta
Ceglarek, Georg Martin Fiedler, and Joachim Thiery 18.1. Introduction 507
18.2. Current Applications and Future Perspectives 513 18.3. Liquid
Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Applications in Clinical
Laboratories 520 18.4. Conclusions 528 19. Metabolomics Using
UPLC/HPLC-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Diagnosis and Research of Inherited
Metabolic Diseases 535 Willem Kulik and Andre B. P. van Kuilenburg 19.1.
Introduction 536 19.2. Acylcarnitines 537 19.3. Acyl-Coenzyme A Thioesters
538 19.4. Amino Acids 540 19.5. Organic Acids 542 19.6. Purines and
Pyrimidines 542 19.7. Bile Acids 544 19.8. Lipidomics 545 19.9.
Carbohydrates 548 19.10. Neurotransmitters 548 19.11. Conclusions 549 20.
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Plasma and Urine 555 Papasani V. Subbaiah
20.1. Introduction 556 20.2. Antioxidant Mechanisms and Assays 558 20.3.
Concluding Remarks and Perspectives 583 21. The Use of X-Ray Techniques in
Medical Research 595 Imre Szaloki, Gyula Zaray, and Norbert Szoboszlai
21.1. Introduction 595 21.2. Physical Basis of XRF Analytical Methods 596
21.3. Basic Equipment and Setup for X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis 597 21.4.
Quantification Approaches 606 21.5. Sample Preparation Techniques 609 21.6.
Applications 610 21.7. Conclusions 617 PART III Future Trends 625 22. A New
Tool Based on the Use of Stable Isotopes and Isotope Pattern Deconvolution
(IPD)-ICP-MS for Nutritional and Clinical Studies 627 Hector Gonzalez
Iglesias, Maria Luisa Fernandez-Sanchez, and Alfredo Sanz-Medel 22.1.
Introduction 627 22.2. Milk as Source of Trace Elements 628 22.3. Stable
Isotopes and Trace Elements Metabolism 629 22.4. Isotope Pattern
Deconvolution 631 22.5. Selenium Metabolism in Lactating Rats by Means of
Stable Isotopes and Isotope Pattern Deconvolution 631 22.6. Determination
of Selenium in Urine, Faeces, Serum, and Erythrocytes by Isotope Pattern
Deconvolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry 634 22.7.
Quantitative Speciation of Selenium in Urine, Serum, and Erythrocytes by
High Performance Isotope Pattern Deconvolution Inductively Coupled Plasma
Mass Spectrometry 637 22.8. An Application of Isotope Pattern Deconvolution
to Clinical Studies 643 22.9. Conclusions 645 23. Breath Analysis:
Analytical Methodologies and Clinical Applications 651 Alessio Ceccarini,
Fabio Di Francesco, Roger Fuoco, Silvia Ghimenti, Massimo Onor, Sara
Tabucchi, and Maria Giovanna Trivella 23.1. Introduction 652 23.2. Sampling
Methods 655 23.3. Analytical Techniques 658 23.4. Application of Breath
Analysis 664 23.5. Exposure Assessment 675 23.6. Exhaled Breath Condensate
677 23.7. Conclusions 677 24. Proteo-Metabolomic Strategies in the Future
of Drug Development 691 Uwe Christians, Volker Schmitz, Jost Klawitter, and
Jelena Klawitter 24.1. Introduction 692 24.2. The Principles of Molecular
Marker Development 699 24.3. Technologies for Molecular Marker Development
718 24.4. Molecular Markers in Drug Development and Clinical Monitoring 737
24.5. Current Challenges 749 25. Basics in Laboratory Medicine: Past,
Present, and Future 775 Lorand A. Debreczeni, Anna Kovacsay, and Sandor
Nagy 25.1. Introduction 776 25.2. Informatics 777 25.3. Global
Standardization 778 25.4. Focus on the Individual 782 25.5. A Look into the
Future 783 References 784 INDEX 787