The manufacture and processing of textiles is a complex and essential industry requiring many diverse skills to ensure profitability. New products are continually being developed, and reflect the energy and innovation of those working in the field. This book focuses on the technological aspects of the chemical processing oftextiles, and on the modifications necessary for specific work environments. Coverage ranges from fibre structure and its relationship to tensile properties, textile aesthetics, comfort physiology, and end-use performance, through to the effect of domestic processing by the…mehr
The manufacture and processing of textiles is a complex and essential industry requiring many diverse skills to ensure profitability. New products are continually being developed, and reflect the energy and innovation of those working in the field. This book focuses on the technological aspects of the chemical processing oftextiles, and on the modifications necessary for specific work environments. Coverage ranges from fibre structure and its relationship to tensile properties, textile aesthetics, comfort physiology, and end-use performance, through to the effect of domestic processing by the consumer on the textile product. The industry is constantly under environmental pressure, and the book examines the nature of environmental control and the development of alternative technology to produce less environmental impact. In order to provide a balanced view of the current situation, authors have been drawn from academia, research institutes and industry to produce a text that will be useful to both industrial readers and university students. In conclusion I would like to thank the authors for their dedication and their contributions.
1 Introduction: The structure of fibres.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Classification of textile fibres.- 1.3 The problem of fibre structure.- 1.4 Relationship of structure to tensile properties.- Acknowledgement.- References.- 2 The whitening of textiles.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Natural and synthetic fibers.- 2.3 Bleaching agents.- 2.4 Energy and the environment.- Survey of bleaching protocols.- References.- 3 Fire-retardant textiles.- 3.1 The problem.- 3.3 Developing a fire-retarding solution.- 3.4 Flammability of materials.- 3.5 Which materials are best?.- 3.6 The chemistry of fire-retardant finishing.- 3.7 Commercial solutions for fire retardancy.- 3.8 Premature failure of flame retardancy.- 3.9 The cost of fire-retardant solutions 123 References.- 4 Physical and chemical effects of domestic laundering processes.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Domestic laundry processes - Effects of water, mechanical action and tumble drying.- 4.3 Chemical effects of fabric washing product ingredients on textile fibres.- 4.4 Effects of wash process and product formulation variables on dyed fabrics.- Acknowledgement.- References.- 5 Easy care.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Urea-formaldehyde resins.- 5.3 Methylated urea-formaldehyde resins.- 5.4 Melamine resins.- 5.5 Mechanical finishing.- 5.6 The problem of fishy odour in resin-treated fabrics.- 5.7 Reactant-type products.- 5.8 Formulations for use of propylene urea-formaldehyde resin.- 5.9 Solids of resins.- Registered trademarks.- References.- 6 Machine-washable knitwear - Production routes.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Garment treatments.- 6.3 Yarn treatments.- 6.4 Continuous treatments.- 6.5 Environmental considerations.- 6.6 Conclusion.- Shrink-resist polymer comparisons.- References.- 7 Coated and laminated fabrics.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2Textile substrates.- 7.3 Techniques for coating fabrics.- 7.4 Chemistry of coating polymers.- 7.5 Natural and synthetic rubbers.- 7.6 Coating polymers and elastomers.- 7.7 Liquid proof/vapour permeable coated fabrics.- 7.8 Test methods for coated and laminated fabrics.- 7.9 End-use applications for rubber-coated fabrics.- 7.10 End-use applications for polymer-coated fabrics.- 7.11 Summary.- References.- 8 Scouring, enzymes and softeners.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Aqueous scouring processes.- 8.3 Enzymes.- 8.4 Softeners.- 8.5 Mercerisation.- References and bibliography.- 9 The colouring of textiles.- 9.1 The development of a scientific approach.- 9.2 The physical chemistry of coloration.- 9.3 Classes of colorants and their applications.- 9.4 Textile printing.- References.- General bibliography.- 10 The environmental impact of the textiles industry.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 The environment.- 10.3 Environmental impacts of the textiles industry.- 10.4 Approaching the problem.- 10.5 Conclusion - the way forward.- References.
1 Introduction: The structure of fibres.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Classification of textile fibres.- 1.3 The problem of fibre structure.- 1.4 Relationship of structure to tensile properties.- Acknowledgement.- References.- 2 The whitening of textiles.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Natural and synthetic fibers.- 2.3 Bleaching agents.- 2.4 Energy and the environment.- Survey of bleaching protocols.- References.- 3 Fire-retardant textiles.- 3.1 The problem.- 3.3 Developing a fire-retarding solution.- 3.4 Flammability of materials.- 3.5 Which materials are best?.- 3.6 The chemistry of fire-retardant finishing.- 3.7 Commercial solutions for fire retardancy.- 3.8 Premature failure of flame retardancy.- 3.9 The cost of fire-retardant solutions 123 References.- 4 Physical and chemical effects of domestic laundering processes.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Domestic laundry processes - Effects of water, mechanical action and tumble drying.- 4.3 Chemical effects of fabric washing product ingredients on textile fibres.- 4.4 Effects of wash process and product formulation variables on dyed fabrics.- Acknowledgement.- References.- 5 Easy care.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Urea-formaldehyde resins.- 5.3 Methylated urea-formaldehyde resins.- 5.4 Melamine resins.- 5.5 Mechanical finishing.- 5.6 The problem of fishy odour in resin-treated fabrics.- 5.7 Reactant-type products.- 5.8 Formulations for use of propylene urea-formaldehyde resin.- 5.9 Solids of resins.- Registered trademarks.- References.- 6 Machine-washable knitwear - Production routes.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Garment treatments.- 6.3 Yarn treatments.- 6.4 Continuous treatments.- 6.5 Environmental considerations.- 6.6 Conclusion.- Shrink-resist polymer comparisons.- References.- 7 Coated and laminated fabrics.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2Textile substrates.- 7.3 Techniques for coating fabrics.- 7.4 Chemistry of coating polymers.- 7.5 Natural and synthetic rubbers.- 7.6 Coating polymers and elastomers.- 7.7 Liquid proof/vapour permeable coated fabrics.- 7.8 Test methods for coated and laminated fabrics.- 7.9 End-use applications for rubber-coated fabrics.- 7.10 End-use applications for polymer-coated fabrics.- 7.11 Summary.- References.- 8 Scouring, enzymes and softeners.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Aqueous scouring processes.- 8.3 Enzymes.- 8.4 Softeners.- 8.5 Mercerisation.- References and bibliography.- 9 The colouring of textiles.- 9.1 The development of a scientific approach.- 9.2 The physical chemistry of coloration.- 9.3 Classes of colorants and their applications.- 9.4 Textile printing.- References.- General bibliography.- 10 The environmental impact of the textiles industry.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 The environment.- 10.3 Environmental impacts of the textiles industry.- 10.4 Approaching the problem.- 10.5 Conclusion - the way forward.- References.
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