This new edition builds on that legacy of this textbook, by meeting the needs of both instructors and students, addressing cutting-edge trends in the chemistry laboratory-including forensic chemistry and environmental and green chemistry. The new edition of Chemistry in the Laboratory offers precise, easy-to-follow instructions, helpful illustrations, and an emphasis throughout on laboratory safety. Throughout, a Consider This feature encourages users to expand the principles of the experiment into interesting applications, open-ended experiments, or unexplored corners. Most experiments in the…mehr
This new edition builds on that legacy of this textbook, by meeting the needs of both instructors and students, addressing cutting-edge trends in the chemistry laboratory-including forensic chemistry and environmental and green chemistry. The new edition of Chemistry in the Laboratory offers precise, easy-to-follow instructions, helpful illustrations, and an emphasis throughout on laboratory safety. Throughout, a Consider This feature encourages users to expand the principles of the experiment into interesting applications, open-ended experiments, or unexplored corners. Most experiments in the manual can be completed in one lab session, but some can be linked or extended for a multi-lab project.
Preface First-Day Instructions Welcome to the Chemistry Lab Introduction Experiment 1 Scientific Measurements Experiment 2 Mass and Volume Relationships Experiment 3 Forensic Chemistry: Crime Scene Investigation Experiment 4 Observing the Reactions of Household Chemicals Deductive Chemical Reasoning Experiment 5 A Cycle of Copper Reactions Experiment 6 Synthesis of a Chemical Compound: Making Alum from Aluminum Experiment 7 The Chemistry of Oxygen: Basic and Acidic Oxides and the Periodic Table Experiment 8 Determination of a Chemical Formula The Reaction of Iodine with Zinc Experiment 9 Determination of a Chemical Formula by Titration The Reaction of Calcium with Water Study Assignment A The Language of Chemistry: Chemical Nomenclature Experiment10 The Estimation of Avogadro’s Number Experiment 11 The Molar Volume of Dioxygen and Other Gases Experiment 12 The Molar Mass of a Gas A Reduced Scale Method Experiment 13 The Reactivity of Metals with Hydrochloric Acid Experiment 14 The Heat Capacity of Metals Experiment15 Enthalpy Changes in Chemical Reactions Hess’s Law Experiment 16 The Enthalpy of Combustion of a Vegetable Oil Experiment17 Emission Spectra and the Electronic Structure of Atoms The Hydrogen Atom Spectrum Experiment 18 Ionic and Covalent Bonding Conductivity of Solutions of Ionic and Covalent Compounds Study Assignment B Writing Lewis Structures Experiment 19 Models of Molecular Shapes VSEPR Theory and Orbital Hybridization Experiment 20 How much food dye is in your drink? A Spectrophotometric Analysis Experiment 21 Intermolecular Forces Slime Gel: Making and Killing Slime Experiment 22 Liquids and Solids The Vapor Pressure and Enthalpy of Vaporization of Water The Enthalpy of Fusion of Water Experiment 23 Colligative Properties The Molar Mass of a Soluble Substance by Freezing-Point Depression Experiment 24 Some Examples of Chemical Equilibria Le Chậtelier’s Principle Experiment 25 Determination of an Equilibrium Constant by Spectrophotometry The Iron(III)-Thiocyanate Complex Ion Experiment 26 Factors Affecting the Rates of Chemical Reactions Experiment 27 The Rate of a Chemical Reaction Chemical Kinetics Experiment 28 The pH Scale and Acid-Base Titrations Standardization of NaOH Solution The Titration of Vinegar and Stomach Antacids Experiment 29 Determination of the Molar Mass and Ionization Constant of a Weak Acid Experiment 30 Preparing and Exploring the Properties of Buffers Experiment 31 What’s in Your Drinking Water? Comparing Tap and Bottled Water Experiment 32 The Solubility Product Constant of Calcium Iodate, Ca(IO3)2 Experiment 33 Identification of the Alkaline Earth and Alkali Metal Ions Analysis of Cations in Seawater Experiment 34 The Qualitative Analysis of Some Common Anions Analysis of Anions in Seawater Experiment 35 An Introduction to Green Chemistry Making Biodiesel and Soap from Vegetable Oils and Fats Experiment 36 Oxidation-Reduction Electron Transfer Reactions Experiment 37 Redox Titrations The Oxidizing Capacity of a Household Cleanser or Liquid Bleach Experiment 38 Electrochemical Cells Experiment 39 Electrochemical Puzzles Metal Corrosion and Anodic Protection The Golden Penny Experiment Experiment 40 The Chemistry of Some Nonmetals: Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Chlorine Experiment 41 Equilibria of Coordination Compounds Experiment 42 Environmental Aspects of Carbon Dioxide Reactivity Experiment 43 Natural Radioactivity The Half-Life of Potassium-40 in Potassium Chloride Appendix: Tables of Data Table 1. The International System (SI) of Units and Conversion Factors Table 2. Fundamental Physical and Mathematical Constants Table 3. Vapor Pressure of Water at Different Temperatures Table 4. Concentration of Desk Acid and Base Solutions Table 5. Color Changes and pH Intervals of Some Important Indicators Table 6. Equilibrium Constants for the Ionization of Acids and Bases (25 ºC) Table 7. Equilibrium Constants for the Dissociation of Complex Ions, Amphoteric Hydroxides, and Weakly Ionized Salts (25 ºC) Table 8. Solubility of Some Common Salts and Hydroxides at Approximately 25 ºC Table 9. Solubility Product Constants (18-25 ºC) Table 10. Standard Reduction Potentials (25 ºC) Table 11. International Atomic Masses (Based on C12 = 12 exactly) Table 12. Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry Table 13. Graphing using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet
Preface First-Day Instructions Welcome to the Chemistry Lab Introduction Experiment 1 Scientific Measurements Experiment 2 Mass and Volume Relationships Experiment 3 Forensic Chemistry: Crime Scene Investigation Experiment 4 Observing the Reactions of Household Chemicals Deductive Chemical Reasoning Experiment 5 A Cycle of Copper Reactions Experiment 6 Synthesis of a Chemical Compound: Making Alum from Aluminum Experiment 7 The Chemistry of Oxygen: Basic and Acidic Oxides and the Periodic Table Experiment 8 Determination of a Chemical Formula The Reaction of Iodine with Zinc Experiment 9 Determination of a Chemical Formula by Titration The Reaction of Calcium with Water Study Assignment A The Language of Chemistry: Chemical Nomenclature Experiment10 The Estimation of Avogadro’s Number Experiment 11 The Molar Volume of Dioxygen and Other Gases Experiment 12 The Molar Mass of a Gas A Reduced Scale Method Experiment 13 The Reactivity of Metals with Hydrochloric Acid Experiment 14 The Heat Capacity of Metals Experiment15 Enthalpy Changes in Chemical Reactions Hess’s Law Experiment 16 The Enthalpy of Combustion of a Vegetable Oil Experiment17 Emission Spectra and the Electronic Structure of Atoms The Hydrogen Atom Spectrum Experiment 18 Ionic and Covalent Bonding Conductivity of Solutions of Ionic and Covalent Compounds Study Assignment B Writing Lewis Structures Experiment 19 Models of Molecular Shapes VSEPR Theory and Orbital Hybridization Experiment 20 How much food dye is in your drink? A Spectrophotometric Analysis Experiment 21 Intermolecular Forces Slime Gel: Making and Killing Slime Experiment 22 Liquids and Solids The Vapor Pressure and Enthalpy of Vaporization of Water The Enthalpy of Fusion of Water Experiment 23 Colligative Properties The Molar Mass of a Soluble Substance by Freezing-Point Depression Experiment 24 Some Examples of Chemical Equilibria Le Chậtelier’s Principle Experiment 25 Determination of an Equilibrium Constant by Spectrophotometry The Iron(III)-Thiocyanate Complex Ion Experiment 26 Factors Affecting the Rates of Chemical Reactions Experiment 27 The Rate of a Chemical Reaction Chemical Kinetics Experiment 28 The pH Scale and Acid-Base Titrations Standardization of NaOH Solution The Titration of Vinegar and Stomach Antacids Experiment 29 Determination of the Molar Mass and Ionization Constant of a Weak Acid Experiment 30 Preparing and Exploring the Properties of Buffers Experiment 31 What’s in Your Drinking Water? Comparing Tap and Bottled Water Experiment 32 The Solubility Product Constant of Calcium Iodate, Ca(IO3)2 Experiment 33 Identification of the Alkaline Earth and Alkali Metal Ions Analysis of Cations in Seawater Experiment 34 The Qualitative Analysis of Some Common Anions Analysis of Anions in Seawater Experiment 35 An Introduction to Green Chemistry Making Biodiesel and Soap from Vegetable Oils and Fats Experiment 36 Oxidation-Reduction Electron Transfer Reactions Experiment 37 Redox Titrations The Oxidizing Capacity of a Household Cleanser or Liquid Bleach Experiment 38 Electrochemical Cells Experiment 39 Electrochemical Puzzles Metal Corrosion and Anodic Protection The Golden Penny Experiment Experiment 40 The Chemistry of Some Nonmetals: Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Chlorine Experiment 41 Equilibria of Coordination Compounds Experiment 42 Environmental Aspects of Carbon Dioxide Reactivity Experiment 43 Natural Radioactivity The Half-Life of Potassium-40 in Potassium Chloride Appendix: Tables of Data Table 1. The International System (SI) of Units and Conversion Factors Table 2. Fundamental Physical and Mathematical Constants Table 3. Vapor Pressure of Water at Different Temperatures Table 4. Concentration of Desk Acid and Base Solutions Table 5. Color Changes and pH Intervals of Some Important Indicators Table 6. Equilibrium Constants for the Ionization of Acids and Bases (25 ºC) Table 7. Equilibrium Constants for the Dissociation of Complex Ions, Amphoteric Hydroxides, and Weakly Ionized Salts (25 ºC) Table 8. Solubility of Some Common Salts and Hydroxides at Approximately 25 ºC Table 9. Solubility Product Constants (18-25 ºC) Table 10. Standard Reduction Potentials (25 ºC) Table 11. International Atomic Masses (Based on C12 = 12 exactly) Table 12. Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry Table 13. Graphing using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet
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