Eric Wajnberg

Chemical Ecology of Insect Parasitoids

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Insect parasitoids are a fascinating group of animals in many respects. Perhaps the most fascinating point is that these insects, in the course of the evolutionary time, have developed an impressive way to use chemical compounds to dialogue with the different protagonists of their environment (i.e., conspecifics, their hosts and the plants on which their hosts are living). Unravelling the evolutionary meaning of such chemical communication networks can give new insights into the ecology of these insects and especially on how to improve their use for the control of noxious pests in biological control programmes. Chemical Ecology of Insect Parasitoids is a timely publication, with organised chapters to present the most important knowledge and discoveries that have taken place over the last decade, and their potential use in pest control strategy. Specific relevant case studies are presented to enhance the reader's experience. Suited to graduate students and professional researchers and practitioners in pest management, entomology, evolutionary biology, behavioural ecology, and chemical ecology, this book is essential for anyone needing information on this important group of insects.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 328
• Erscheinungstermin: 3. Mai 2013
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 256mm x 12mm x 99mm
• Gewicht: 802g
• ISBN-13: 9781118409527
• ISBN-10: 1118409523
• Artikelnr.: 37725979

Autorenporträt

Eric Wajnberg is a research scientist working at the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sophia Antipolis, France. He is a population biologist specializing in behavioural ecology, population genetics and statistical modelling. He is also an expert in biological control, with almost 30 years experience working on insect parasitoids. Stefano Colazza is based at the University of Palermo, Italy. He is a specialist in infochemicals and behavioural ecology of plant, insect herbivores, and insect parasitoid interactions, with a special interest in the chemical ecology of plant volatile organic compounds in a tri-trophic context. He has been involved in these research areas for over 30 years.

Inhaltsangabe

Contributors xi 1 Chemical ecology of insect parasitoids: towards a new era
1 Stefano Colazza and Eric Wajnberg Abstract 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2
Integrating behavioural ecology and chemical ecology in insect parasitoids
3 1.3 The use of chemical ecology to improve the efficacy of insect
parasitoids in biological control programmes 4 1.4 Overview 5 1.5
Conclusions 6 Acknowledgements 6 References 7 Part 1 Basic concepts 9 2
Plant defences and parasitoid chemical ecology 11 Paul J. Ode Abstract 11
2.1 Introduction 12 2.2 Plant defences against a diversity of attackers 13
2.2.1 Plant defence signalling pathways 13 2.2.2 Plant volatiles and
parasitoids 16 2.2.3 Plant toxins and parasitoids 18 2.2.4 Cross-talk
between plant defence pathways 21 2.3 Above-ground-below-ground
interactions and parasitoids 24 2.4 Climate change and parasitoid chemical
ecology 25 2.5 Conclusions 28 Acknowledgements 28 References 28 3 Foraging
strategies of parasitoids in complex chemical environments 37 Nicole
Wäschke, Torsten Meiners and Michael Rostás Abstract 37 3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Chemical complexity 40 3.2.1 Plant species diversity and habitat
location 40 3.2.2 Variability in host plant traits and their effects on
parasitoid host location 42 3.3 Foraging strategies of parasitoids in
chemically complex environments 48 3.3.1 Behavioural responses to chemical
complexity 48 3.3.2 Learning, sensory fi lters and neural constraints
affecting strategies for dealing with complexity 50 3.3.3 Infl uences of
life history traits on foraging strategy 51 3.4 Conclusions 53 References
54 4 Chemical ecology of insect parasitoids in a multitrophic above- and
below-ground context 64 Roxina Soler, T. Martijn Bezemer and Jeffrey A.
Harvey Abstract 64 4.1 Introduction 65 4.2 Influence of root feeders on
above-ground insect herbivores 67 4.3 Influence of soil-borne symbionts on
above-ground insect herbivores 69 4.4 Plant-mediated effects of root
feeders and soil-borne symbionts on growth and development of parasitoids
70 4.5 Effects of root-feeding insects on HIPVs and host location of
parasitoids 74 4.6 Expanding an above-below-ground bitrophic reductionist
perspective 76 Acknowledgement 79 References 79 5 A hitch-hiker's guide to
parasitism: the chemical ecology of phoretic insect parasitoids 86 Martinus
E. Huigens and Nina E. Fatouros Abstract 86 5.1 Phoresy 87 5.2 Prevalence
of phoretic parasitoids 87 5.3 Important parasitoid and host traits 90
5.3.1 Parasitoid traits 90 5.3.2 Host traits 92 5.4 Chemical espionage on
host pheromones 93 5.4.1 Espionage on male aggregation pheromone 93 5.4.2
Espionage on sex pheromones 98 5.4.3 Espionage on anti-sex pheromones 99
5.5 Coevolution between phoretic spies and hosts 100 5.6 Biological control
103 5.7 Future perspectives 103 Acknowledgements 104 References 105 6 Novel
insights into pheromone-mediated communication in parasitic hymenopterans
112 Joachim Ruther Abstract 112 6.1 Introduction 113 6.2 Pheromones and
sexual behaviour 119 6.2.1 Volatile sex attractants 119 6.2.2
Female-derived courtship pheromones 124 6.2.3 Male-derived courtship
pheromones 127 6.3 Other pheromones 128 6.3.1 Marking pheromones 128 6.3.2
Putative alarm and appeasement pheromones 129 6.3.3 Aggregation pheromones
130 6.3.4 Anti-aggregation pheromones 130 6.4 Variability in
pheromone-mediated sexual behaviour 131 6.4.1 Innate plasticity of
pheromone behaviour 131 6.4.2 Learnt plasticity of pheromone behaviour 131
6.4.3 Plasticity of pheromone behaviour caused by abiotic factors 132 6.5
Pheromone biosynthesis 132 6.6 Evolution of parasitoid sex pheromones 133
6.7 Conclusions and outlook 135 References 136 7 Chemical ecology of
tachinid parasitoids 145 Satoshi Nakamura, Ryoko T. Ichiki and Yooichi
Kainoh Abstract 145 7.1 Introduction 146 7.2 Long-range orientation 155
7.2.1 Long-range orientation by direct type parasitoids 155 7.2.2
Long-range orientation by indirect type parasitoids 157 7.2.3 Host
pheromones used by direct type parasitoids 158 7.3 Short-range orientation
159 7.3.1 Short-range orientation by direct type parasitoids 159 7.3.2
Short-range orientation by indirect type parasitoids 161 7.4 Conclusions
163 Acknowledgements 163 References 164 8 Climate change and its effects on
the chemical ecology of insect parasitoids 168 Jarmo K. Holopainen, Sari J.
Himanen and Guy M. Poppy Abstract 168 8.1 On climate change and chemical
ecology 169 8.2 Direct climate change impacts on parasitoids 171 8.3
Climate change and bottom-up impacts on parasitoids: herbivore host and
plant host quality 172 8.4 Impacts of climate change-related abiotic
stresses on parasitoid ecology and behaviour 175 8.4.1 Impacts of elevated
temperature 175 8.4.2 Precipitation and drought 176 8.4.3 Gaseous reactive
air pollutants 177 8.4.4 Atmospheric CO2 concentration 179 8.4.5 Parasitoid
response to combined abiotic stresses 180 8.5 Climate change impacts on
biological control 181 8.6 Ecosystem services provided by parasitoids:
impact of changing climate 182 8.7 Future research directions and
conclusions 184 References 185 Part 2 Applied concepts 191 9 Chemical
ecology of insect parasitoids: essential elements for developing effective
biological control programmes 193 Torsten Meiners and Ezio Peri Abstract
193 9.1 Introduction 194 9.2 Essential elements in parasitoid chemical
ecology 196 9.3 Manipulation of the population levels of natural enemies by
semiochemicals 201 9.4 Limits and perspectives of behavioural manipulation
of parasitoids by applying semiochemicals 204 9.5 Cautionary example:
interspecifi c competitive interactions in parasitoids 210 9.6 Conclusions
212 References 213 10 The application of chemical cues in arthropod pest
management for arable crops 225 Maria Carolina Blassioli-Moraes, Miguel
Borges and Raul Alberto Laumann Abstract 225 10.1 Arable crops:
characteristics of the systems and trophic interactions mediated by
chemical cues 226 10.2 Methodologies for using chemical cues to attract and
retain parasitoids in arable crops 227 10.2.1 Direct application of
semiochemicals 228 10.2.2 Environmental manipulation 236 10.3 Final
considerations 237 Acknowledgements 239 References 239 11 Application of
chemical cues in arthropod pest management for orchards and vineyards 245
Stefano Colazza, Ezio Peri and Antonino Cusumano Abstract 245 11.1
Introduction 246 11.2 Pheromone-based tactics in orchards and vineyards 247
11.2.1 Host sex pheromones 247 11.2.2 Parasitoid pheromones 248 11.3
Allelochemical-based manipulation in orchards and vineyards 249 11.3.1
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) 249 11.3.2 Host-associated
volatiles (HAVs) 257 11.4 Conclusions 260 Acknowledgement 261 References
261 12 Application of chemical cues in arthropod pest management for
organic crops 266 Marja Simpson, Donna M.Y. Read and Geoff M. Gurr Abstract
266 12.1 Introduction: organic farming and compatibility of chemical cues
267 12.2 Overview of plant defences involving plant volatiles 268 12.3 The
use of synthetic HIPVs in pest management 269 12.4 Arthropod pest
management strategies used in organic farming 273 12.5 Potential for
extending chemical cue use in organic systems 275 12.6 Conclusions 277
References 277 13 Application of chemical cues in arthropod pest management
for forest trees 282 Timothy D. Paine Abstract 282 13.1 Forest insect
herbivores and natural enemy host/prey finding 283 13.2 Introduction to
forest systems 285 13.3 Examples from North America 287 13.3.1 Native bark
beetles in plantation and unmanaged forests 287 13.3.2 Introduced
defoliator in urban and unmanaged forests 288 13.3.3 Introduced wood borer
in plantation and urban environments 289 13.4 Conclusions 290 References
291 Index 296