Herb Sutter, Andrei Alexandrescu

C++ Coding Standards

101 Rules, Guidelines, and Best Practices
Herausgeber: John Fuller

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

C++ Coding Standards: 101 Rules, Guidelines, and Best Practices Essential guidelines for writing high-quality C++ code--taught by two foremost masters in the field.

Provides a collection of programming rules (101) that is terse, easy to understand and follow, and self-sufficient.

Teaches basic rules and widely-accepted and authoritative practices for writing sound software in C++.

Herb Sutter and Andrei Alexandrescu are two of the world's foremost experts on software development in general and C++ in particular.

Every software development team should have and follow a coding standard. It's even better when what the coding standard requires is actually consistent, reasonable, and correct. Coding standards have many advantages: *They improve code quality. This happens automatically when following a good, simple set of guidelines. *They improve development speed, because the programmer doesn't need to always make decisions starting from first principles. *They enhance teamwork by eliminating needless debates on inconsequential issues and by making it easy for teammates to read and maintain each other's code. The coding standards introduced by this book are a collection of guidelines for writing high-quality C++ code. ***They are the distilled conclusions of a rich collective experience of the C++ community. Until now, this body of knowledge has been available only as folklore or spread in bits and pieces throughout books. Product Description
Consistent, high-quality coding standards improve software quality, reduce time-to-market, promote teamwork, eliminate time wasted on inconsequential matters, and simplify maintenance. Now, two of the world's most respected C++ experts distill the rich collective experience of the global C++ community into a set of coding standards that every developer and development team can understand and use as a basis for their own coding standards.

The authors cover virtually every facet of C++ programming: design and coding style, functions, operators, class design, inheritance, construction/destruction, copying, assignment, namespaces, modules, templates, genericity, exceptions, STL containers and algorithms, and more. Each standard is described concisely, with practical examples. From type definition to error handling, this book presents C++ best practices, including some that have only recently been identified and standardized-techniques you may not know even if you've used C++ for years. Along the way, you'll find answers to questions like

What's worth standardizing--and what isn't?

What are the best ways to code for scalability?

What are the elements of a rational error handling policy?

How (and why) do you avoid unnecessary initialization, cyclic, and definitional dependencies?

When (and how) should you use static and dynamic polymorphism together?

How do you practice safe overriding?

When should you provide a no-fail swap?

Why and how should you prevent exceptions from propagating across module boundaries?

Why shouldn't you write namespace declarations or directives in a header file?

Why should you use STL vector and string instead of arrays?

How do you choose the right STL search or sort algorithm?

What rules should you follow to ensure type-safe code?

Whether you're working alone or with others, C++ Coding Standards will help you write cleaner code--and write it faster, with fewer hassles and less frustration.

Features + Benefits
Essential guidelines for writing high-quality C++ code-- taught by two foremost masters in the field.

° Provides a collection of programming rules (101) that is terse, easy to understand and follow, and self-sufficient.

° Teaches basic rules and widely-accepted and authoritative practices for writing sound software in C++.

° Herb Sutter and Andrei Alexandrescu are two of the world's foremost experts on software development in general and C++ in particular.

Backcover
Consistent, high-quality coding standards improve software quality, reduce time-to-market, promote teamwork, eliminate time wasted on inconsequential matters, and simplify maintenance. Now, two of the world's most respected C++ experts distill the rich collective experience of the global C++ community into a set of coding standards that every developer and development team can understand and use as a basis for their own coding standards.

The authors cover virtually every facet of C++ programming: design and coding style, functions, operators, class design, inheritance, construction/destruction, copying, assignment, namespaces, modules, templates, genericity, exceptions, STL containers and algorithms, and more. Each standard is described concisely, with practical examples. From type definition to error handling, this book presents C++ best practices, including some that have only recently been identified and standardized-techniques you may not know even if you've used C++ for years. Along the way, you'll find answers to questions like

What's worth standardizing--and what isn't?

What are the best ways to code for scalability?

What are the elements of a rational error handling policy?

How (and why) do you avoid unnecessary initialization, cyclic, and definitional dependencies?

When (and how) should you use static and dynamic polymorphism together?

How do you practice safe overriding?

When should you provide a no-fail swap?

Why and how should you prevent exceptions from propagating across module boundaries?

Why shouldn't you write namespace declarations or directives in a header file?

Why should you use STL vector and string instead of arrays?

How do you choose the right STL search or sort algorithm?

What rules should you follow to ensure type-safe code?

Whether you're working alone or with others, C++ Coding Standards will help you write cleaner code--and write it faster, with fewer hassles and less frustration.

Preface.

1. Organizational and Policy Issues.

Don't sweat the small stuff. (Or: Know what not to standardize.).

Compile cleanly at high warning levels.

Use an automated build system.

Use a version control system.

Invest in code reviews.

2. Design Style.

Give one entity one cohesive responsibility.

Correctness, simplicity, and clarity come first.

Know when and how to code for scalability.

Don't optimize prematurely.

Don't pessimize prematurely.

Minimize global and shared data.

Hide information.

Know when and how to code for concurrency.

Ensure resources are owned by objects. Use explicit RAII and smart pointers.

3. Coding Style.

Prefer compile- and link-time errors to run-time errors.

Use const proactively.

Avoid macros.

Avoid magic numbers.

Declare variables as locally as possible.

Always initialize variables.

Avoid long functions. Avoid deep nesting.

Avoid initialization dependencies across compilation units.

Minimize definitional dependencies. Avoid cyclic dependencies.

Make header files self-sufficient.

Always write internal #include guards. Never write external #include guards.

4. Functions and Operators.

Take parameters appropriately by value, (smart) pointer, or reference.

Preserve natural semantics for overloaded operators.

Prefer the canonical forms of arithmetic and assignment operators.

Prefer the canonical form of ++ and --. Prefer calling the prefix forms.

Consider overloading to avoid implicit type conversions.

Avoid overloading &&, , or , (comma).

Don't write code that depends on the order of evaluation of functionarguments.

5. Class Design and Inheritance.

Be clear what kind of class you're writing.

Prefer minimal classes to monolithic classes.

Prefer composition to inheritance.

Avoid inheriting from classes that were not designed to be base classes.

Prefer providing abstract interfaces.

Public inheritance is substitutability.

Inherit, not to reuse, but to be reused.

Practice safe overriding.

Consider making virtual functions nonpublic, and public functions nonvirtual.

Avoid providing implicit conversions.

Make data members private, except in behaviorless aggregates (C-stylestructs).

Don't give away your internals.

Pimpl judiciously.

Prefer writing nonmember nonfriend functions.

Always provide new and delete together.

If you provide any class-specific new, provide all of the standard forms (plain, in-place, and nothrow).

6. Construction, Destruction, and Copying.

Define and initialize member variables in the same order.

Prefer initialization to assignment in constructors.

Avoid calling virtual functions in constructors and destructors.

Make base class destructors public and virtual, or protected and nonvirtual.

Destructors, deallocation, and swap never fail.

Copy and destroy consistently.

Explicitly enable or disable copying.

Avoid slicing. Consider Clone instead of copying in base classes.

Prefer the canonical form of assignment.

Whenever it makes sense, provide a no-fail swap (and provide it correctly).

7. Namespaces and Modules.

Keep a type and its nonmember function interface in the same namespace.

Keep types and functions in separate namespaces unless they're specifically intended to work together.

Don't write namespace usings in a header file or before an #include.

Avoid allocating and deallocating memory in different modules.

Don't define entities with linkage in a header file.

Don't allow exceptions to propagate across module boundaries.

Use sufficiently portable types in a module's interface.

8. Templates and Genericity.

Blend static and dynamic polymorphism judiciously.

Customize intentionally and explicitly.

Don't specialize function templates.

Don't write unintentionally nongeneric code.

9. Error Handling and Exceptions.

Assert liberally to document internal assumptions and invariants.

Establish a rational error handling policy, and follow it strictly.

Distinguish between errors and non-errors.

Design and write error-safe code.

Prefer to use exceptions to report errors.

Throw by value, catch by reference.

Report, handle, and translate errors appropriately.

Avoid exception specifications.

10. STL: Containers.

Use vector by default. Otherwise, choose an appropriate container.

Use vector and string instead of arrays.

Use vector (and string::c_str) to exchange data with non-C++ APIs.

Store only values and smart pointers in containers.

Prefer push_back to other ways of expanding a sequence.

Prefer range operations to single-element operations.

Use the accepted idioms to really shrink capacity and really erase elements.

11. STL: Algorithms.

Use a checked STL implementation.

Prefer algorithm calls to handwritten loops.

Use the right STL search algorithm.

Use the right STL sort algorithm.

Make predicates pure functions.

Prefer function objects over functions as algorithm and comparer arguments.

Write function objects correctly.

12. Type Safety.

Avoid type switching; prefer polymorphism.

Rely on types, not on representations.

Avoid using reinterpret_cast.

Avoid using static_cast on pointers.

Avoid casting away const.

Don't use C-style casts.

Don't memcpy or memcmp non-PODs.

Don't use unions to reinterpret representation.

Don't use varargs (ellipsis).

Don't use invalid objects. Don't use unsafe functions.

Don't treat arrays polymorphically.

Bibliog

---

Every software development team should have and follow a coding standard.

It's even better when what the coding standard requires is actually consistent,

reasonable, and correct.

Coding standards have many advantages:

_They improve code quality. This happens automatically when following a

good, simple set of guidelines.

_They improve development speed, because the programmer doesn't need to

always make decisions starting from first principles.

_They enhance teamwork by eliminating needless debates on inconsequential

issues and by making it easy for teammates to read and maintain each other's

code.

The coding standards introduced by this book are a collection of guidelines for

writing high-quality C++ code.

___They are the distilled conclusions of a rich collective experience of the C++

community. Until now, this body of knowledge has been available only as

folklore or spread in bits and pieces throughout books.

Produktdetails

• The C++ In Depth Series
• Verlag: Pearson Education
• Seitenzahl: 240
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. November 2004
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 239mm x 189mm x 17mm
• Gewicht: 426g
• ISBN-13: 9780321113580
• ISBN-10: 0321113586
• Artikelnr.: 13399757

Autorenporträt

Herb Sutter is the author of three highly acclaimed books, Exceptional C++ Style, Exceptional C++, and More Exceptional C++ (Addison-Wesley). He chairs the ISO C++ standards committee, and is contributing editor and columnist for C/C++ Users Journal. As a software architect for Microsoft, Sutter leads the design of C++ language extensions for .NET programming. Andrei Alexandrescu is the author of the award-winning book Modern C++ Design (Addison-Wesley, 2001) and is a columnist for C/C++ Users Journal.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface.
1. Organizational and Policy Issues.
    Don't sweat the small stuff. (Or: Know what not to standardize.).
    Compile cleanly at high warning levels.
    Use an automated build system.
    Use a version control system.
    Invest in code reviews.
2. Design Style.
    Give one entity one cohesive responsibility.
    Correctness, simplicity, and clarity come first.
    Know when and how to code for scalability.
    Don't optimize prematurely.
    Don't pessimize prematurely.
    Minimize global and shared data.
    Hide information.
    Know when and how to code for concurrency.
    Ensure resources are owned by objects. Use explicit RAII and smart
pointers.
3. Coding Style.
    Prefer compile- and link-time errors to run-time errors.
    Use const proactively.
    Avoid macros.
    Avoid magic numbers.
    Declare variables as locally as possible.
    Always initialize variables.
    Avoid long functions. Avoid deep nesting.
    Avoid initialization dependencies across compilation units.
    Minimize definitional dependencies. Avoid cyclic dependencies.
    Make header files self-sufficient.
    Always write internal #include guards. Never write external #include
guards.
4. Functions and Operators.
    Take parameters appropriately by value, (smart) pointer, or reference.
    Preserve natural semantics for overloaded operators.
    Prefer the canonical forms of arithmetic and assignment operators.
    Prefer the canonical form of ++ and --. Prefer calling the prefix
forms.
    Consider overloading to avoid implicit type conversions.
    Avoid overloading &&, , or , (comma).
    Don't write code that depends on the order of evaluation of
functionarguments.
5. Class Design and Inheritance.
    Be clear what kind of class you're writing.
    Prefer minimal classes to monolithic classes.
    Prefer composition to inheritance.
    Avoid inheriting from classes that were not designed to be base
classes.
    Prefer providing abstract interfaces.
    Public inheritance is substitutability.
    Inherit, not to reuse, but to be reused.
    Practice safe overriding.
    Consider making virtual functions nonpublic, and public functions
nonvirtual.
    Avoid providing implicit conversions.
    Make data members private, except in behaviorless aggregates
(C-stylestructs).
    Don't give away your internals.
    Pimpl judiciously.
    Prefer writing nonmember nonfriend functions.
    Always provide new and delete together.
    If you provide any class-specific new, provide all of the standard
forms (plain, in-place, and nothrow).
6. Construction, Destruction, and Copying.
    Define and initialize member variables in the same order.
    Prefer initialization to assignment in constructors.
    Avoid calling virtual functions in constructors and destructors.
    Make base class destructors public and virtual, or protected and
nonvirtual.
    Destructors, deallocation, and swap never fail.
    Copy and destroy consistently.
    Explicitly enable or disable copying.
    Avoid slicing. Consider Clone instead of copying in base classes.
    Prefer the canonical form of assignment.
    Whenever it makes sense, provide a no-fail swap (and provide it
correctly).
7. Namespaces and Modules.
    Keep a type and its nonmember function interface in the same namespace.
    Keep types and functions in separate namespaces unless they're
specifically intended to work together.
    Don't write namespace usings in a header file or before an #include.
    Avoid allocating and deallocating memory in different modules.
    Don't define entities with linkage in a header file.
    Don't allow exceptions to propagate across module boundaries.
    Use sufficiently portable types in a module's interface.
8. Templates and Genericity.
    Blend static and dynamic polymorphism judiciously.
    Customize intentionally and explicitly.
    Don't specialize function templates.
    Don't write unintentionally nongeneric code.
9. Error Handling and Exceptions.
    Assert liberally to document internal assumptions and invariants.
    Establish a rational error handling policy, and follow it strictly.
    Distinguish between errors and non-errors.
     Design and write error-safe code.
    Prefer to use exceptions to report errors.
    Throw by value, catch by reference.
    Report, handle, and translate errors appropriately.
    Avoid exception specifications.
10. STL: Containers.
    Use vector by default. Otherwise, choose an appropriate container.
    Use vector and string instead of arrays.
    Use vector (and string::c_str) to exchange data with non-C++ APIs.
    Store only values and smart pointers in containers.
    Prefer push_back to other ways of expanding a sequence.
    Prefer range operations to single-element operations.
    Use the accepted idioms to really shrink capacity and really erase
elements.
11. STL: Algorithms.
    Use a checked STL implementation.
    Prefer algorithm calls to handwritten loops.
    Use the right STL search algorithm.
    Use the right STL sort algorithm.
    Make predicates pure functions.
    Prefer function objects over functions as algorithm and comparer
arguments.
    Write function objects correctly.
12. Type Safety.
    Avoid type switching; prefer polymorphism.
    Rely on types, not on representations.
    Avoid using reinterpret_cast.
    Avoid using static_cast on pointers.
    Avoid casting away const.
    Don't use C-style casts.
    Don't memcpy or memcmp non-PODs.
    Don't use unions to reinterpret representation.
    Don't use varargs (ellipsis).
    Don't use invalid objects. Don't use unsafe functions.
    Don't treat arrays polymorphically.
Bibliography.
Summary of Summaries.
Index.