While preparing the first edition of this textbook I attended an extension short course on writing agricultural publications. The message I remember was "select your audience and write to it. " There has never been any doubt about the audience for which this textbook was written, the introductory course in crop breeding. In addition, it has become a widely used reference for the graduate plant-breeding student and the practicing plant breeder. In its prepa ration, particular attention has been given to advances in plant-breeding theo ry and their utility in plant-breeding practice. The blend…mehr
While preparing the first edition of this textbook I attended an extension short course on writing agricultural publications. The message I remember was "select your audience and write to it. " There has never been any doubt about the audience for which this textbook was written, the introductory course in crop breeding. In addition, it has become a widely used reference for the graduate plant-breeding student and the practicing plant breeder. In its prepa ration, particular attention has been given to advances in plant-breeding theo ry and their utility in plant-breeding practice. The blend of the theoretical with the practical has set this book apart from other plant-breeding textbooks. The basic structure and the objectives of the earlier editions remain un changed. These objectives are (1) to review essential features of plant re production, Mendelian genetic principles, and related genetic developments applicable in plant-breeding practice; (2) to describe and evaluate established and new plant-breeding procedures and techniques, and (3) to discuss plant breeding objectives with emphasis on the importance of proper choice of objec tive for achieving success in variety development. Because plant-breeding activities are normally organized around specific crops, there are chapters describing breeding procedures and objectives for the major crop plants; the crops were chosen for their economic importance or diversity in breeding sys tems. These chapters provide a broad overview of the kinds of problems with which the breeder must cope.
1 Plant Breeders and Their Work.- What Is Plant Breeding?.- The Strategy of Plant Breeding.- Training for the Modern Plant Breeder.- Some Early Plant Breeders.- Some Accomplishments in Plant Breeding.- Who Does Plant Breeding in the United States?.- 2 Reproduction in Crop Plants.- Types of Reproduction.- Sexual Reproduction in Crop Plants.- Asexual Reproduction in Crop Plants.- 3 Gene Recombination in Plant Breeding.- Variation, the Basis of Plant Breeding.- The Mechanism of Mendelian Heredity.- Gene Recombination Following Hybridization.- Gene Structure and Action.- 4 Quantitative Inheritance in Plant Breeding.- Quantitative Inheritance and its Measurement.- Multiple Alleles.- Types of Gene Action.- Heritability.- Selection Intensity and Genetic Advance.- Gene Frequency and Genetic Equilibrium.- Gene Recombination and Plant Breeding.- 5 Variations in Chromosome Number.- Polyploidy.- Aneuploidy.- Haploidy.- 6 Mutation.- The Nature of Mutation.- Induction of Mutation.- Mutator Genes and Controlling Elements.- Some Mutation-Breeding Experiments.- Role of Mutation Breeding.- 7 Fertility-Regulating Mechanisms and Their Manipulation.- Incompatibility.- Male Sterility.- Apomixis.- Interspecific Hybridization.- 8 Plant Cell and Tissue Culture: Applications in Plant Breeding.- Plant Cell and Tissue Culture.- Clonal Propagation.- Embryo Culture, Ovule Culture, and in Vitro Pollination.- Anther Culture and Haploid Plant Production.- Genetic Variability from Cell Cultures.- Somatic Cell Hybridization.- Plant Genetic Engineering.- 9 Germplasm Resources and Conservation.- Germplasm Conservation.- Germplasm Resources and Their Maintenance in the United States.- How Genetic Resources Are Utilized.- Acclimatization.- 10 Breeding Self-Pollinated Crops.- What Is a Variety?.- Genetic Significance of Pollination Method.- Breeding Methods in Self-Pollinated Crops.- Plant Breeding: A Numbers Game?.- 11 Breeding Cross-Pollinated and Clonally Propagated Crops.- Genetic Structure of Cross-Pollinated Crops.- Breeding Seed-Propagated Cross-Pollinated Crops.- Breeding Clonally Propagated Crops.- 12 Breeding Hybrids.- Proprietary Nature of Hybrid Varieties.- Inbreeding.- Hybrid Vigor or Heterosis.- Double-Cross Hybrid Corn-The Model for Hybrid Breeding.- Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Hybrid Seed Production.- Alternative Hybrid Procedures.- 13 Techniques in Breeding Field Crops.- Selfing and Crossing.- Conducting Field Trials.- Maturity Comparisons.- Resistance to Lodging and Shattering.- Resistance to Stress.- Breeding for Disease Resistance.- Breeding for Insect Resistance.- Measuring Quality.- Keeping Accurate Records.- 14 Breeding Wheat and Triticale.- Breeding Wheat.- Breeding Triticale.- 15 Breeding Rice.- Origin and Types.- Varieties.- Botany and Genetics.- Breeding Methods.- Breeding Objectives.- Upland Rice.- Deep-Water and Floating Rice.- Wild Rice.- 16 Breeding Barley and Oats.- Breeding Barley.- Breeding Oats.- 17 Breeding Soybeans.- Origin and Species.- Genetics.- Botany.- Varieties.- The USDA and Cooperative State Agricultural Experimental Stations.- International Soybean Program (INTSOY).- Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC).- Breeding Methods.- Breeding Objectives.- 18 Breeding Corn (Maize).- Origin.- Races of Corn.- Genetics.- Pollination.- Heterozygous Nature of Open-Pollinated Corn.- Breeding Open-Pollinated Corn.- Hybrid Corn.- Breeding Improved Hybrids.- Population Improvement.- Breeding Objectives.- Special-Purpose Hybrids.- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.- 19 Breeding Sorghum and Millet.- BreedingSorghum.- Breeding Millet.- 20 Breeding Cotton.- Botany, Pollination, and Male Sterility.- Genetics and Cytology.- Varieties.- Breeding Methods.- Variety Maintenance.- Breeding Objectives.- 21 Breeding Sugar Beets.- History of the Sugar Beet.- Botany and Genetics.- Varieties.- Breeding Methods.- Breeding Objectives.- 22 Breeding Forage Crops.- Forage Crop Breeding Problems.- Pollination, Fertilization, and Seed Setting.- Vegetative Propagation.- Genetic and Cytogenetic Studies.- Natural Selection.- Endophytic Fungi: Impact on Grass Breeding.- Breeding Self-Pollinated Forage Species.- Breeding Cross-Pollinated Forage Species.- Public versus Private Breeding of Forage Crops.- Breeding Objectives.- Seed Increase of New Varieties.- 23 Seed Production Practices.- Public and Private Plant Breeding and Seed Distribution.- Classes of Certified Seed.- How a New Variety Reaches the Farmer.- How a Variety is Certified.- Agencies Concerned with Seed Certification in the United States.- Practical Problems in Seed Production.- Vegetatively Propagated Forages.
1 Plant Breeders and Their Work.- What Is Plant Breeding?.- The Strategy of Plant Breeding.- Training for the Modern Plant Breeder.- Some Early Plant Breeders.- Some Accomplishments in Plant Breeding.- Who Does Plant Breeding in the United States?.- 2 Reproduction in Crop Plants.- Types of Reproduction.- Sexual Reproduction in Crop Plants.- Asexual Reproduction in Crop Plants.- 3 Gene Recombination in Plant Breeding.- Variation, the Basis of Plant Breeding.- The Mechanism of Mendelian Heredity.- Gene Recombination Following Hybridization.- Gene Structure and Action.- 4 Quantitative Inheritance in Plant Breeding.- Quantitative Inheritance and its Measurement.- Multiple Alleles.- Types of Gene Action.- Heritability.- Selection Intensity and Genetic Advance.- Gene Frequency and Genetic Equilibrium.- Gene Recombination and Plant Breeding.- 5 Variations in Chromosome Number.- Polyploidy.- Aneuploidy.- Haploidy.- 6 Mutation.- The Nature of Mutation.- Induction of Mutation.- Mutator Genes and Controlling Elements.- Some Mutation-Breeding Experiments.- Role of Mutation Breeding.- 7 Fertility-Regulating Mechanisms and Their Manipulation.- Incompatibility.- Male Sterility.- Apomixis.- Interspecific Hybridization.- 8 Plant Cell and Tissue Culture: Applications in Plant Breeding.- Plant Cell and Tissue Culture.- Clonal Propagation.- Embryo Culture, Ovule Culture, and in Vitro Pollination.- Anther Culture and Haploid Plant Production.- Genetic Variability from Cell Cultures.- Somatic Cell Hybridization.- Plant Genetic Engineering.- 9 Germplasm Resources and Conservation.- Germplasm Conservation.- Germplasm Resources and Their Maintenance in the United States.- How Genetic Resources Are Utilized.- Acclimatization.- 10 Breeding Self-Pollinated Crops.- What Is a Variety?.- Genetic Significance of Pollination Method.- Breeding Methods in Self-Pollinated Crops.- Plant Breeding: A Numbers Game?.- 11 Breeding Cross-Pollinated and Clonally Propagated Crops.- Genetic Structure of Cross-Pollinated Crops.- Breeding Seed-Propagated Cross-Pollinated Crops.- Breeding Clonally Propagated Crops.- 12 Breeding Hybrids.- Proprietary Nature of Hybrid Varieties.- Inbreeding.- Hybrid Vigor or Heterosis.- Double-Cross Hybrid Corn-The Model for Hybrid Breeding.- Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Hybrid Seed Production.- Alternative Hybrid Procedures.- 13 Techniques in Breeding Field Crops.- Selfing and Crossing.- Conducting Field Trials.- Maturity Comparisons.- Resistance to Lodging and Shattering.- Resistance to Stress.- Breeding for Disease Resistance.- Breeding for Insect Resistance.- Measuring Quality.- Keeping Accurate Records.- 14 Breeding Wheat and Triticale.- Breeding Wheat.- Breeding Triticale.- 15 Breeding Rice.- Origin and Types.- Varieties.- Botany and Genetics.- Breeding Methods.- Breeding Objectives.- Upland Rice.- Deep-Water and Floating Rice.- Wild Rice.- 16 Breeding Barley and Oats.- Breeding Barley.- Breeding Oats.- 17 Breeding Soybeans.- Origin and Species.- Genetics.- Botany.- Varieties.- The USDA and Cooperative State Agricultural Experimental Stations.- International Soybean Program (INTSOY).- Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC).- Breeding Methods.- Breeding Objectives.- 18 Breeding Corn (Maize).- Origin.- Races of Corn.- Genetics.- Pollination.- Heterozygous Nature of Open-Pollinated Corn.- Breeding Open-Pollinated Corn.- Hybrid Corn.- Breeding Improved Hybrids.- Population Improvement.- Breeding Objectives.- Special-Purpose Hybrids.- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.- 19 Breeding Sorghum and Millet.- BreedingSorghum.- Breeding Millet.- 20 Breeding Cotton.- Botany, Pollination, and Male Sterility.- Genetics and Cytology.- Varieties.- Breeding Methods.- Variety Maintenance.- Breeding Objectives.- 21 Breeding Sugar Beets.- History of the Sugar Beet.- Botany and Genetics.- Varieties.- Breeding Methods.- Breeding Objectives.- 22 Breeding Forage Crops.- Forage Crop Breeding Problems.- Pollination, Fertilization, and Seed Setting.- Vegetative Propagation.- Genetic and Cytogenetic Studies.- Natural Selection.- Endophytic Fungi: Impact on Grass Breeding.- Breeding Self-Pollinated Forage Species.- Breeding Cross-Pollinated Forage Species.- Public versus Private Breeding of Forage Crops.- Breeding Objectives.- Seed Increase of New Varieties.- 23 Seed Production Practices.- Public and Private Plant Breeding and Seed Distribution.- Classes of Certified Seed.- How a New Variety Reaches the Farmer.- How a Variety is Certified.- Agencies Concerned with Seed Certification in the United States.- Practical Problems in Seed Production.- Vegetatively Propagated Forages.
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