As the aquaculture industry has expanded throughout the world, it has embraced the experiences of many fields of study to meet increasing technological challenges. The complexities of modern hatchery methodology, more intensive growout systems, and the application of diverse biological and physical sciences to aquatic animal husbandry have reached beyona the ability of most aquaculturists to enjoy an in-depth knowledge of all phases of the aquaculture process. More importantly, in order for tne culturist to have at hand the information necessary to make basic decisions, it requires an…mehr
As the aquaculture industry has expanded throughout the world, it has embraced the experiences of many fields of study to meet increasing technological challenges. The complexities of modern hatchery methodology, more intensive growout systems, and the application of diverse biological and physical sciences to aquatic animal husbandry have reached beyona the ability of most aquaculturists to enjoy an in-depth knowledge of all phases of the aquaculture process. More importantly, in order for tne culturist to have at hand the information necessary to make basic decisions, it requires an extensive library of textbooks and scientific literature. The Aquaculture Desk Reference serves as a concise compila tion of tables, graphs, conversions, formulas and design specifica tions useful to the aquaculture industry. It also provides examples, in a straightforward manner, of how information in tabulature can be used to derive values for specific system design and process strategies. Tables and graphs in this volume also provide back ground documentation and authority for further reference. The Aquaculture Desk Reference is a convenient source book that will alleviate the need for an extensive personal library to access basic information useful for practicing aquaculturists. Many thanks to Mrs. Ruth Aldrich for her assistance in the preparation of this book. My family, friends and associates also deserve my special appreciation for their encouragement and sup port.
'I. Conversions and Equivalents.- 1-1: Temperature Equivalents - Centigrade to Farenheit.- 1-2: Temperature Equivalents - Farenheit to Centigrade.- 1-3: Conversions for Units of Weight.- 1-4: Conversions for Units of Length.- 1-5: Conversions for Units of Volume.- 1-6: Conversions for Units of Velocity.- 1-7: Conversions for Units of Energy.- 1-8: Conversions for Units of Power.- 1-9: Conversion Factors of Radiant Energy, Power, and Intensity Units.- 1-10: Conversion Factors for Illumination.- 1-11: Conversions for Pressure Equivalents.- 1-12: Converting Water Pressure to Feet Head.- 1-13: Converting Feet Head of Water to PSI.- 1-14: Decimal Equivalents Fractions.- 1-15: Multipliers for Conversion of Units.- 1-16: Treatment Conversion Chart.- 1-17: Geometric Formulas.- 1-18: Water Volumes and Capacities of Circular Tanks.- 1-19: Calculating the Volume of a Cone-Bottomed Tank.- II. Water Chemistry.- 2-1: Basic Information on Common Elements.- 2-2: Basic Information on Common Inorganic Chemicals Used in Water Treatment.- 2-3: Surface Water Criteria for Public Water Supplies.- 2-4: Common Radicals Encountered in Freshwater.- 2-5: Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) for Fresh Water in Equilibrium With Air at Altitude.- 2-6: Density of Freshwater at Different Temperatures.- 2-7: Corresponding Densities and Salinities.- 2-8: Differences to Convert Hydrometer Readings at Any Temperature to Density.- 2-9: Air Solubility of Oxygen (mg/1) in Seawater.- 2-10: Seawater Properties as a Function of Temperature and Salinity.- 2-11: Mole Fraction of Un-Ionized Ammonia: 0-5 g/kg Salinity.- 2-12: Mole Fraction of Un-Ionized Ammonia: 5-40 g/kg Salinity.- 2-13: Solubility of Nitrogen in Water at Different Temperatures and Salinities From Moist Air With Pressure.- 2-14: Vapor Pressure of Pure Water at Different Temperatures.- 2-15: Percentage Un-Ionized Hydrogen Sulfide in Aqueous Solution at Different pH Values and Temperatures.- 2-16: Factors for Converting Total Alkalinity to Milligrams of Available Carbon per Liter.- 2-17: Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Water at Different Temperatures and Salinities from Moist Air With Pressure of 760 mm Hg.- 2-18: Elemental Composition of Seawater.- III. Enrichment Formulations.- 3-1: Salt Concentrations for the Modified Segedi-Kelley Medium Formula.- 3-2: Ott's Artificial Seawater.- 3-3: Instant Ocean (TM) Artificial Seawater Mixture.- 3-4: Salt Concentrations for the GP Medium Formula.- 3-5: Gates and Wilson's NH Artificial Seawater Medium.- 3-6: Bolds Basal Medium.- 3-7: BBM Trace Metal Stock Solution.- 3-8: Chu 10 Freshwater Medium pH 6.5-7.0.- 3-9: Modified Chu No. 10 Solution.- 3-10: Modified Chu No. 10 Trace Element Solution.- 3-11: Hughes, Gorham, and Zehnder's Medium.- 3-12: Gaffron's Trace-Element Solution.- 3-13: Allen's Modification of Hughes, Gorham, and Zehnder's Medium.- 3-14: Allen's Trace-Element Solution.- 3-15: Rodhe VIII pH 7.0-7.5 Freshwater Medium.- 3-16: Waris pH 6.0 Freshwater Medium.- 3-17: Bozniak Community pH 8.0 Freshwater Medium.- 3-18: CG 10 pH 8.0 Freshwater Medium.- 3-19: Beijerinck pH 6.8 Freshwater Medium.- 3-20: Woods Hole MBL pH 7.2 Freshwater Medium.- 3-21: Volvox pH 7.0 Freshwater Medium.- 3-22: Concentrations of Additives in Defined Freshwater Media.- 3-23: Provasoli's Enriched Seawater.- 3-24: "F" Enriched Seater Media.- 3-25: Modified "F" Medium.- 3-26: Formula of Walne Medium for Algae Culture.- 3-27: Erdschreiber Medium.- 3-28: Enriched Seawater Media.- 3-29: Effects of Materials on Algal Cultures.- 3-30: Specific Growth Rates of Algae Cultured at Low and High Temperatures (Marine and Freshwater Strains).- 3-31: Representative Light Saturation Values for Macroalgae.- 3-32: General Lighting Specification for Marine Macroalgae Using Cool White Flourescent Lamps.- 3-33: Technical Data on Light Bulbs.- 3-34: Comparative Characteristics of the Physiological Effectiveness of Various Inca
'I. Conversions and Equivalents.- 1-1: Temperature Equivalents - Centigrade to Farenheit.- 1-2: Temperature Equivalents - Farenheit to Centigrade.- 1-3: Conversions for Units of Weight.- 1-4: Conversions for Units of Length.- 1-5: Conversions for Units of Volume.- 1-6: Conversions for Units of Velocity.- 1-7: Conversions for Units of Energy.- 1-8: Conversions for Units of Power.- 1-9: Conversion Factors of Radiant Energy, Power, and Intensity Units.- 1-10: Conversion Factors for Illumination.- 1-11: Conversions for Pressure Equivalents.- 1-12: Converting Water Pressure to Feet Head.- 1-13: Converting Feet Head of Water to PSI.- 1-14: Decimal Equivalents Fractions.- 1-15: Multipliers for Conversion of Units.- 1-16: Treatment Conversion Chart.- 1-17: Geometric Formulas.- 1-18: Water Volumes and Capacities of Circular Tanks.- 1-19: Calculating the Volume of a Cone-Bottomed Tank.- II. Water Chemistry.- 2-1: Basic Information on Common Elements.- 2-2: Basic Information on Common Inorganic Chemicals Used in Water Treatment.- 2-3: Surface Water Criteria for Public Water Supplies.- 2-4: Common Radicals Encountered in Freshwater.- 2-5: Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) for Fresh Water in Equilibrium With Air at Altitude.- 2-6: Density of Freshwater at Different Temperatures.- 2-7: Corresponding Densities and Salinities.- 2-8: Differences to Convert Hydrometer Readings at Any Temperature to Density.- 2-9: Air Solubility of Oxygen (mg/1) in Seawater.- 2-10: Seawater Properties as a Function of Temperature and Salinity.- 2-11: Mole Fraction of Un-Ionized Ammonia: 0-5 g/kg Salinity.- 2-12: Mole Fraction of Un-Ionized Ammonia: 5-40 g/kg Salinity.- 2-13: Solubility of Nitrogen in Water at Different Temperatures and Salinities From Moist Air With Pressure.- 2-14: Vapor Pressure of Pure Water at Different Temperatures.- 2-15: Percentage Un-Ionized Hydrogen Sulfide in Aqueous Solution at Different pH Values and Temperatures.- 2-16: Factors for Converting Total Alkalinity to Milligrams of Available Carbon per Liter.- 2-17: Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Water at Different Temperatures and Salinities from Moist Air With Pressure of 760 mm Hg.- 2-18: Elemental Composition of Seawater.- III. Enrichment Formulations.- 3-1: Salt Concentrations for the Modified Segedi-Kelley Medium Formula.- 3-2: Ott's Artificial Seawater.- 3-3: Instant Ocean (TM) Artificial Seawater Mixture.- 3-4: Salt Concentrations for the GP Medium Formula.- 3-5: Gates and Wilson's NH Artificial Seawater Medium.- 3-6: Bolds Basal Medium.- 3-7: BBM Trace Metal Stock Solution.- 3-8: Chu 10 Freshwater Medium pH 6.5-7.0.- 3-9: Modified Chu No. 10 Solution.- 3-10: Modified Chu No. 10 Trace Element Solution.- 3-11: Hughes, Gorham, and Zehnder's Medium.- 3-12: Gaffron's Trace-Element Solution.- 3-13: Allen's Modification of Hughes, Gorham, and Zehnder's Medium.- 3-14: Allen's Trace-Element Solution.- 3-15: Rodhe VIII pH 7.0-7.5 Freshwater Medium.- 3-16: Waris pH 6.0 Freshwater Medium.- 3-17: Bozniak Community pH 8.0 Freshwater Medium.- 3-18: CG 10 pH 8.0 Freshwater Medium.- 3-19: Beijerinck pH 6.8 Freshwater Medium.- 3-20: Woods Hole MBL pH 7.2 Freshwater Medium.- 3-21: Volvox pH 7.0 Freshwater Medium.- 3-22: Concentrations of Additives in Defined Freshwater Media.- 3-23: Provasoli's Enriched Seawater.- 3-24: "F" Enriched Seater Media.- 3-25: Modified "F" Medium.- 3-26: Formula of Walne Medium for Algae Culture.- 3-27: Erdschreiber Medium.- 3-28: Enriched Seawater Media.- 3-29: Effects of Materials on Algal Cultures.- 3-30: Specific Growth Rates of Algae Cultured at Low and High Temperatures (Marine and Freshwater Strains).- 3-31: Representative Light Saturation Values for Macroalgae.- 3-32: General Lighting Specification for Marine Macroalgae Using Cool White Flourescent Lamps.- 3-33: Technical Data on Light Bulbs.- 3-34: Comparative Characteristics of the Physiological Effectiveness of Various Inca
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