The relationship between angiotensin II and hypertension was established in 1898 when angiotensin II was shown to modulate systemic blood pressure. Over the intervening decades, a complete characterization of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been achieved, and our understanding of its biochemistry and physiology has led to the directed development of agents such ·as ACE inhibitors and receptor antagonists capable of controlling hypertension. More recently, it was shown that angiotensin II is secreted within certain tissues and that these tissue-specific systems operate independently of…mehr
The relationship between angiotensin II and hypertension was established in 1898 when angiotensin II was shown to modulate systemic blood pressure. Over the intervening decades, a complete characterization of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been achieved, and our understanding of its biochemistry and physiology has led to the directed development of agents such ·as ACE inhibitors and receptor antagonists capable of controlling hypertension. More recently, it was shown that angiotensin II is secreted within certain tissues and that these tissue-specific systems operate independently of the systemic RAS. The novel concept that angiotensin II regulates a number of cardiovascular processes that are unrelated to blood pressure has renewed the interest of both basic and clinical scientists in angiotensin II. The association between angiotensin II and cardiac growth, in particular, has indicated that therapies currently in use for hypertension may have direct application to the treatment of heart failure. The Manitoba Cardiovascular Forum on Angiotensin Receptor Blockade in Winnipeg was convened October 18-20, 1996 to examine the clinical and basic aspects of angiotensin receptor biology as they apply to hypertension and heart failure. In addition, the potential treatment of these conditions using specific angio tensin receptor antagonists was addressed within the context of their immediate therapeutic application and future potential.
A. Pharmacological Interruption of Renin-Angiotensin in Hypertension.- 1. Pharmacological Interruption of the Renin System and the Kidney: Lessons from Comparative Pharmacology.- 2. The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension.- 3. At1 Angiotensin Receptor Blockade and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition: Effects on Vascular Remodeling and Endothelial Dysfunction in SHR.- 4. Cellular Physiology of Angiotensin II Receptors in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.- 5. Angiotensin II Enhanced the Expression of Inhibitory Guanine Nucleotide Regulatory Protein in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Blockade by AT1 Antagonist.- 6. Comparison of the Inhibitory Actions of Angiotensin AT1 Receptor Antagonists in the Peripheral Vascular Bed.- 7. Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists in Patients with Renal Failure and on Hemodialysis.- 8. The Place of Angiotensin II Antagonists in Relation to the Canadian Hypertension Society Guidelines.- 9. Translating Clinical Guidelines for Management of Heart Failure and Hypertension into Clinical Practice.- 10. Cough Induced by Pharmacological Modulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists.- B. Angiotensin Blockade and Cardiovascular Disease.- 11. Angiotensin II Receptors AT1 and AT2: New Mechanisms of Signaling and Antagonistic Effects of AT1 and AT2.- 12. Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists and Cardiovascular Remodeling.- 13. Intersubject Variability in the Pharmacokinetics of Losartan.- 14. Functional Analysis of Tissue Renin-Angiotensin System Using "Gain and Loss of Function" Approaches: In vivo Test of in vitro Hypothesis.- 15. Exploring the Difference Between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II ReceptorAntagonists. A Focus on Bradykinin.- 16. Role of Cytokines in Septic Cardiomyopathy.- 17. In Pursuit of Optimal Care and Outcomes for Patients with Congestive Heart Failure: Insights from the Past Decade.- 18. Atherosclerosis: Implications of Angiotensin II and the AT-1 Receptor.- 19. Influence of AT1 Receptor Inhibition on Cardiac Function and Structure of Diabetic Rats.- 20. Role of Myocardial Tissue Angiotensin (Ang.) II in Cardiac Pathology.- C. Angiotensin Blockade and Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure.- 21. Mechanical Stress, Local Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiac Hypertrophy. An Overview.- 22. Role of Renin-Angiotensin System in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure.- 23. Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade on the Development of Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats.- 24. Effects of Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme on Myocardial and Myocyte Remodeling in Chronic Volume Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in the Dog.- 25. The Site of Angiotensin Generation: Focus on the Heart.- 26. Angiotensin II-Mediated STAT Signal Transduction: Studies in Neonatal Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts and CHO-K1 Cells Expressing At1A Receptors.- 27. Cardiac Angiotensin II Subtype 2 Receptor Signal Transduction Pathways: Embryonic Cardiomyocytes and Human Heart.- 28. Angiotensin II Stimulates Contractility and C-fos Gene Expression in Isolated Atrial Human Myocardium.- 29. Stimulation of the Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger by Angiotensin II.- 30. Developmental Regulation of the Cardiac Renin-Angiotensin System: Expression and Association with Growth and Apoptosis.- 31. Angiotensin II-Regulated Apoptosis in Cardiovascular Remodeling.- 32. The Role of Angiotensin II in Stretch-Activated Signal Transduction of the Normal, Hypertrophied, and FailingAdult Heart.- D. Angiotensin Blockade And Remodeling Of Heart In Myocardial Infarction.- 33. Role of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade During Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction.- 34. Local Angiotensin II and Tissue Repair Post-Myocardial Infarction.- 35. Losartan Pretreatment Inhibits an Early Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Acute Myocardial Infarction.- 36. The Role of Angiotensin II in Post-Translational Regulation of Fibrillar Collagens in Fibrosed and Failing Rat Heart.- 37. Characteristics and Mechanisms of Angiotensin II-Related Myocardial Damage.- 38. Comparison of Direct Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade with Converting Enzyme Inhibition in the Rat Model of Heart Failure.- 39. Effects of Captopril on Myocardial Oxidative Stress Changes in Post-MI Rats.- 40. Role of Angiotensin in Angiogenesis and Cardiac Fibrosis in Heart Failure.- 41. Role of Angiotensin II in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.- 42. Effects of Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist on Cardiac Remodeling in Cardiomyopathic Hamster Hearts.
A. Pharmacological Interruption of Renin-Angiotensin in Hypertension.- 1. Pharmacological Interruption of the Renin System and the Kidney: Lessons from Comparative Pharmacology.- 2. The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension.- 3. At1 Angiotensin Receptor Blockade and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition: Effects on Vascular Remodeling and Endothelial Dysfunction in SHR.- 4. Cellular Physiology of Angiotensin II Receptors in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.- 5. Angiotensin II Enhanced the Expression of Inhibitory Guanine Nucleotide Regulatory Protein in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Blockade by AT1 Antagonist.- 6. Comparison of the Inhibitory Actions of Angiotensin AT1 Receptor Antagonists in the Peripheral Vascular Bed.- 7. Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists in Patients with Renal Failure and on Hemodialysis.- 8. The Place of Angiotensin II Antagonists in Relation to the Canadian Hypertension Society Guidelines.- 9. Translating Clinical Guidelines for Management of Heart Failure and Hypertension into Clinical Practice.- 10. Cough Induced by Pharmacological Modulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists.- B. Angiotensin Blockade and Cardiovascular Disease.- 11. Angiotensin II Receptors AT1 and AT2: New Mechanisms of Signaling and Antagonistic Effects of AT1 and AT2.- 12. Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists and Cardiovascular Remodeling.- 13. Intersubject Variability in the Pharmacokinetics of Losartan.- 14. Functional Analysis of Tissue Renin-Angiotensin System Using "Gain and Loss of Function" Approaches: In vivo Test of in vitro Hypothesis.- 15. Exploring the Difference Between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II ReceptorAntagonists. A Focus on Bradykinin.- 16. Role of Cytokines in Septic Cardiomyopathy.- 17. In Pursuit of Optimal Care and Outcomes for Patients with Congestive Heart Failure: Insights from the Past Decade.- 18. Atherosclerosis: Implications of Angiotensin II and the AT-1 Receptor.- 19. Influence of AT1 Receptor Inhibition on Cardiac Function and Structure of Diabetic Rats.- 20. Role of Myocardial Tissue Angiotensin (Ang.) II in Cardiac Pathology.- C. Angiotensin Blockade and Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure.- 21. Mechanical Stress, Local Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiac Hypertrophy. An Overview.- 22. Role of Renin-Angiotensin System in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure.- 23. Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade on the Development of Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats.- 24. Effects of Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme on Myocardial and Myocyte Remodeling in Chronic Volume Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in the Dog.- 25. The Site of Angiotensin Generation: Focus on the Heart.- 26. Angiotensin II-Mediated STAT Signal Transduction: Studies in Neonatal Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts and CHO-K1 Cells Expressing At1A Receptors.- 27. Cardiac Angiotensin II Subtype 2 Receptor Signal Transduction Pathways: Embryonic Cardiomyocytes and Human Heart.- 28. Angiotensin II Stimulates Contractility and C-fos Gene Expression in Isolated Atrial Human Myocardium.- 29. Stimulation of the Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger by Angiotensin II.- 30. Developmental Regulation of the Cardiac Renin-Angiotensin System: Expression and Association with Growth and Apoptosis.- 31. Angiotensin II-Regulated Apoptosis in Cardiovascular Remodeling.- 32. The Role of Angiotensin II in Stretch-Activated Signal Transduction of the Normal, Hypertrophied, and FailingAdult Heart.- D. Angiotensin Blockade And Remodeling Of Heart In Myocardial Infarction.- 33. Role of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade During Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction.- 34. Local Angiotensin II and Tissue Repair Post-Myocardial Infarction.- 35. Losartan Pretreatment Inhibits an Early Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Acute Myocardial Infarction.- 36. The Role of Angiotensin II in Post-Translational Regulation of Fibrillar Collagens in Fibrosed and Failing Rat Heart.- 37. Characteristics and Mechanisms of Angiotensin II-Related Myocardial Damage.- 38. Comparison of Direct Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade with Converting Enzyme Inhibition in the Rat Model of Heart Failure.- 39. Effects of Captopril on Myocardial Oxidative Stress Changes in Post-MI Rats.- 40. Role of Angiotensin in Angiogenesis and Cardiac Fibrosis in Heart Failure.- 41. Role of Angiotensin II in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.- 42. Effects of Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist on Cardiac Remodeling in Cardiomyopathic Hamster Hearts.
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