This book covers all aspects of anesthesia affecting the fetus throughout in utero life. The book comprises three sections looking at: 1) endpoints for fetal and neonatal outcomes, 2) anesthetic interventions that may affect these endpoint variables, and 3) confounding variables which may modify the effects of anesthesia and analgesia on outcomes. A concise, practical guide backed up by theory, it also discusses wider ethical and legal considerations. With increasing uses of anesthesia throughout pregnancy, this book makes anesthetists and obstetricians aware of the potential effects of…mehr
This book covers all aspects of anesthesia affecting the fetus throughout in utero life. The book comprises three sections looking at: 1) endpoints for fetal and neonatal outcomes, 2) anesthetic interventions that may affect these endpoint variables, and 3) confounding variables which may modify the effects of anesthesia and analgesia on outcomes. A concise, practical guide backed up by theory, it also discusses wider ethical and legal considerations. With increasing uses of anesthesia throughout pregnancy, this book makes anesthetists and obstetricians aware of the potential effects of anesthetics on fetal development and outcomes.Anesthesia and the Fetus integrates into one volume the multidisciplinary components of: fetal development fetal pharmacology assessments of fetal and neonatal outcome anesthesia and analgesia during pregnancy anesthesia and analgesia during labor ethics and law
Written by an internationally renowned group of clinicians and scientists, Anesthesia and the Fetus provides a contemporary guide and reference to the role of anesthesia, and the anesthesiologist, in protecting the mother and her unborn child during pregnancy.
Yehuda Ginosar, BSc, MBBS, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel Felicity Reynolds, MD, FRCA, FRCOG, one time St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK Stephen Halpern, MD, MSc, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Carl P. Weiner, MD, MBA, FACOG, University of Kansas, School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
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Contributors ix Preface xvi Acknowledgments xviii Section I: Basic Principles 1 Intrauterine growth and development 3 Timothy Moss Cheryl Albuquerque & Richard Harding 2 Maternal physiological adaptations to pregnancy 19 Julie Phillips MD Melissa Covington MD & George Osol PhD 3 Placental respiratory gas exchange 25 Lowell Davis 4 The fetal circulation 32 Loren P. Thompson PhD & Kazumasa Hashimoto MD 5 Fetal responses to hypoxia 39 Tania L. Kasdaglis MD and Ahmet A. Baschat MD 6 Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy 53 Janine R Hutson MSc Chagit Klieger-Grossmann MD & Gideon Koren MD FRCPC FABMT 7 The first few breaths: normal transition from intra- to extra-uterine life 63 Smadar Eventov-Friedman MD/PhD & Benjamin Bar-Oz MD Section II: Endpoint Variables: Assessments of Fetal Wellbeing and Neonatal Outcome 8 Validity of endpoint measurement 75 Pamela Angle MD MSc FRCPC Stephen Halpern MD MSc FRCPC Marcos Silva MD & Alex Kiss PhD Section III: Antenatal and Intrapartum Assessment of the Fetus 9 Imaging of the fetus and the uteroplacental blood supply: ultrasound 89 Kypros Nicolaides 10 Imaging of the fetus and the uteroplacental blood supply: MRI 97 Caroline Wright & Philip Baker 11 Fetal heart rate monitoring 104 Alison M. Premo & Sarah J. Kilpatrick 12 Fetal acid-base monitoring 114 Lennart Nordström 13 Fetal pulse oximetry 123 Paul B Colditz & Christine East 14 Neonatal assessment and prediction of neonatal outcome 129 Vadivelam Murthy & Anne Greenough Section IV: Interventions: anesthesia analgesia and their effects on the fetus 15 Environmental exposure to anesthetic agents 141 Asher Ornoy MD 16 Anesthesia and analgesia for assisted reproduction techniques and during the first trimester 147 Arvind Palanisamy MD FRCA & Lawrence C. Tsen MD 17 The effect of anesthetic drugs on the developing fetus: considerations in non-obstetric surgery 156 Richard S. Gist MD CDR MC USN & Yaakov Beilin MD 18 Substance abuse and pregnancy 165 Donald H. Penning MD MS FRCP & Allison J. Lee MD 19 Intrauterine fetal procedures for congenital anomalies 173 Amar Nijagal MD Hanmin Lee MD & Mark Rosen MD 20 The EXIT procedure 183 Sheldon M. Stohl MD Hindi E. Stohl MD Ari Y. Weintraub MD & Kha M. Tran MD 21 Mechanisms and consequences of anesthetic-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing brain 192 Zhaowei Zhou Adam P Januszewski Mervyn Maze & Daqing Ma 22 Relevance to clinical anesthesia of anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity in developing animals 200 Catherine E. Creeley Mervyn Maze & John W. Olney 23 External cephalic version 210 Carolyn F. Weiniger MB ChB & Yossef Ezra MD Section V: Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery 24 Effects on the fetus of general versus regional anesthesia 217 Sharon Orbach-Zinger MD and Yehuda Ginosar BSc MBBS 25 Anesthesia for cesarean delivery: effects on the fetus of maternal blood pressure control 235 ProfessorWarwick D. Ngan Kee BHB MBChB MD FANZCA FHKCA FHKAM 26 Effects on the fetus of maternal oxygen administration 244 Neeti Sadana MD and Scott Segal MD MHCM 27 Effects on the fetus of maternal position during cesarean delivery 251 Robin Russell MB BS MD FRCA Section VI: Analgesia for labor 28 Effects on the fetus of systemic vs. neuraxial analgesia 263 Stephen H. Halpern MD MSc FRCPC & Marcos Silva MD 29 The effects on the fetus of early versus late regional analgesia 270 Cynthia A. Wong MD 270 30 Regional analgesia maternal fever and its effect on the fetus and neonate 277 Tabitha A. Tanqueray Philip J. Steer & Steve M. Yentis 31 Effects on the fetus of major maternal anesthetic complications 285 Felicity Plaat MA MBBS FRCA & Ruth Bedson MBBS FRCA Section VII: Confounding Variables: The Compromised Fetus the Compromised Mother 32 Twins and higher order multiple pregnancies: implications for the anesthesiologist 295 Y. Habaz J. Barrett & E.S. Shinwell 33 Preeclampsia: the compromised fetus the compromised mother 301 Henry L. Galan MD & Todd R. Lovgren MD 34 Fetal distress 313 Robert A Dyer FCA (SA) PhD & Leann K Schoeman FCOG (SA) Section VIII: Trauma and Resuscitation 35 Maternal trauma 325 Yuval Meroz MD Uriel Elchalal MD & Avraham I Rivkind MD FACS 36 Maternal resuscitation and perimortem cesarean delivery 333 Sharon Einav MD Sorina Grisaru-Granovski MD PhD & Joseph Varon MD FACP FCCP FCCM 37 Fetal resuscitation 343 Stephen Michael Kinsella & Andrew Shennan 38 Neonatal resuscitation and immediate neonatal emergencies 350 Ritu Chitkara MD Anand K. Rajani MD & Louis P. Halamek MD Section IX: Medicine Ethics and the Law 39 Fetal beneficence and maternal autonomy: ethics and the law 363 William J. Sullivan QC & M. Joanne Douglas MD FRCPC 40 Maternal-fetal research in pregnancy 372 Frank A. Chervenak MD & Laurence B. McCullough PhD Index 379
Contributors ix Preface xvi Acknowledgments xviii Section I: Basic Principles 1 Intrauterine growth and development 3 Timothy Moss Cheryl Albuquerque & Richard Harding 2 Maternal physiological adaptations to pregnancy 19 Julie Phillips MD Melissa Covington MD & George Osol PhD 3 Placental respiratory gas exchange 25 Lowell Davis 4 The fetal circulation 32 Loren P. Thompson PhD & Kazumasa Hashimoto MD 5 Fetal responses to hypoxia 39 Tania L. Kasdaglis MD and Ahmet A. Baschat MD 6 Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy 53 Janine R Hutson MSc Chagit Klieger-Grossmann MD & Gideon Koren MD FRCPC FABMT 7 The first few breaths: normal transition from intra- to extra-uterine life 63 Smadar Eventov-Friedman MD/PhD & Benjamin Bar-Oz MD Section II: Endpoint Variables: Assessments of Fetal Wellbeing and Neonatal Outcome 8 Validity of endpoint measurement 75 Pamela Angle MD MSc FRCPC Stephen Halpern MD MSc FRCPC Marcos Silva MD & Alex Kiss PhD Section III: Antenatal and Intrapartum Assessment of the Fetus 9 Imaging of the fetus and the uteroplacental blood supply: ultrasound 89 Kypros Nicolaides 10 Imaging of the fetus and the uteroplacental blood supply: MRI 97 Caroline Wright & Philip Baker 11 Fetal heart rate monitoring 104 Alison M. Premo & Sarah J. Kilpatrick 12 Fetal acid-base monitoring 114 Lennart Nordström 13 Fetal pulse oximetry 123 Paul B Colditz & Christine East 14 Neonatal assessment and prediction of neonatal outcome 129 Vadivelam Murthy & Anne Greenough Section IV: Interventions: anesthesia analgesia and their effects on the fetus 15 Environmental exposure to anesthetic agents 141 Asher Ornoy MD 16 Anesthesia and analgesia for assisted reproduction techniques and during the first trimester 147 Arvind Palanisamy MD FRCA & Lawrence C. Tsen MD 17 The effect of anesthetic drugs on the developing fetus: considerations in non-obstetric surgery 156 Richard S. Gist MD CDR MC USN & Yaakov Beilin MD 18 Substance abuse and pregnancy 165 Donald H. Penning MD MS FRCP & Allison J. Lee MD 19 Intrauterine fetal procedures for congenital anomalies 173 Amar Nijagal MD Hanmin Lee MD & Mark Rosen MD 20 The EXIT procedure 183 Sheldon M. Stohl MD Hindi E. Stohl MD Ari Y. Weintraub MD & Kha M. Tran MD 21 Mechanisms and consequences of anesthetic-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing brain 192 Zhaowei Zhou Adam P Januszewski Mervyn Maze & Daqing Ma 22 Relevance to clinical anesthesia of anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity in developing animals 200 Catherine E. Creeley Mervyn Maze & John W. Olney 23 External cephalic version 210 Carolyn F. Weiniger MB ChB & Yossef Ezra MD Section V: Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery 24 Effects on the fetus of general versus regional anesthesia 217 Sharon Orbach-Zinger MD and Yehuda Ginosar BSc MBBS 25 Anesthesia for cesarean delivery: effects on the fetus of maternal blood pressure control 235 ProfessorWarwick D. Ngan Kee BHB MBChB MD FANZCA FHKCA FHKAM 26 Effects on the fetus of maternal oxygen administration 244 Neeti Sadana MD and Scott Segal MD MHCM 27 Effects on the fetus of maternal position during cesarean delivery 251 Robin Russell MB BS MD FRCA Section VI: Analgesia for labor 28 Effects on the fetus of systemic vs. neuraxial analgesia 263 Stephen H. Halpern MD MSc FRCPC & Marcos Silva MD 29 The effects on the fetus of early versus late regional analgesia 270 Cynthia A. Wong MD 270 30 Regional analgesia maternal fever and its effect on the fetus and neonate 277 Tabitha A. Tanqueray Philip J. Steer & Steve M. Yentis 31 Effects on the fetus of major maternal anesthetic complications 285 Felicity Plaat MA MBBS FRCA & Ruth Bedson MBBS FRCA Section VII: Confounding Variables: The Compromised Fetus the Compromised Mother 32 Twins and higher order multiple pregnancies: implications for the anesthesiologist 295 Y. Habaz J. Barrett & E.S. Shinwell 33 Preeclampsia: the compromised fetus the compromised mother 301 Henry L. Galan MD & Todd R. Lovgren MD 34 Fetal distress 313 Robert A Dyer FCA (SA) PhD & Leann K Schoeman FCOG (SA) Section VIII: Trauma and Resuscitation 35 Maternal trauma 325 Yuval Meroz MD Uriel Elchalal MD & Avraham I Rivkind MD FACS 36 Maternal resuscitation and perimortem cesarean delivery 333 Sharon Einav MD Sorina Grisaru-Granovski MD PhD & Joseph Varon MD FACP FCCP FCCM 37 Fetal resuscitation 343 Stephen Michael Kinsella & Andrew Shennan 38 Neonatal resuscitation and immediate neonatal emergencies 350 Ritu Chitkara MD Anand K. Rajani MD & Louis P. Halamek MD Section IX: Medicine Ethics and the Law 39 Fetal beneficence and maternal autonomy: ethics and the law 363 William J. Sullivan QC & M. Joanne Douglas MD FRCPC 40 Maternal-fetal research in pregnancy 372 Frank A. Chervenak MD & Laurence B. McCullough PhD Index 379
Rezensionen
"The book would be a valuable addition to most obstetric anaesthetic departments as well as informing paediatric anaesthetists, paediatricians and obstetricians of the current controversies regarding anaesthetic influences on foetal development and outcomes." (Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Journal, 1 November 2013)
"I must commend the editors for their success in bringing together such an enviable international list of expert clinicians from such diverse backgrounds as anaesthesia, obstetric medicine, neonatology and human development in order to share their knowledge. This is definitely a reference book that all anaesthetic department libraries should possess." (Anaesthesia, 15 October 2013)
"Clearly this book will be ideal for reference in departmental and hospital libraries and I will be recommending this to ours." (The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, 12 July 2013)
"I have thoroughly enjoyed reading this book, and I would highly recommend it to every clinician involved in the care of the mother and her unborn child during pregnancy." (Acta Paediatrica, 1 August 2013)
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