A History of the Chinese Language provides an introduction to the historical development of Chinese from its Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots in prehistoric times to Modern Standard Chinese. It presents a chronological survey of the various stages of the Chinese language, covering key aspects such as phonology, syntax and semantics.
A History of the Chinese Language provides an introduction to the historical development of Chinese from its Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots in prehistoric times to Modern Standard Chinese. It presents a chronological survey of the various stages of the Chinese language, covering key aspects such as phonology, syntax and semantics.
Hongyuan Dong is Associate Professor of Chinese Language and Linguistics in the Department of East Asian Languages & Literatures at the George Washington University. He is the author of Semantics of Chinese Questions: An Interface Approach (Routledge 2019).
Inhaltsangabe
Table of contents Preface to the second edition List of tables List of figures List of syntax labels Chapter 1 Overview 1.1 What is Chinese historical linguistics? 1.2 Terminological clarification 1.3 Periodization of the Chinese language Chapter 2 Prehistory 2.1 Establishing linguistic genetic relationships 2.2 The Sino-Tibetan languages 2.3 How old is the Sino-Tibetan language family? 2.4 Linguistic properties of Proto-Sino-Tibetan Chapter 3 Old Chinese: The Elegant Speech 3.1 Evidence of sound change 3.2 Syllable structure of Chinese 3.3 Rhyme groups of Old Chinese 3.4 Initials of Old Chinese 3.5 Consonant clusters 3.6 Methodology of Old Chinese reconstruction 3.7 Tones in Old Chinese 3.8 A reconstructed system of Old Chinese Chapter 4 Middle Chinese: The Poetic Language 4.1 The rhyme dictionary Qièyùn 4.2 The f nqiè method 4.3 Structure of the Güngyùn 4.4 Rhyme tables 4.5 The linking method for analyzing the Güngyùn 4.6 The comparative reconstruction method 4.7 The notion of d ng ("division, grade") 4.8 A reconstructed system of Middle Chinese Chapter 5 Old Mandarin of Yuan Dynasty Dramas 5.1 The rhyme book Zh ngyuán Y nyùn 5.2 Categories of initials and finals in Old Mandarin 5.3 Reconstruction of Old Mandarin initials and finals 5.4 Tonal development Chapter 6 Classical Chinese Grammar 6.1 What is Classical Chinese? 6.2 Morphology 6.3 Word classes 6.4 Basic word order 6.5 Special grammatical constructions Chapter 7 Vernacular Writing 7.1 Diglossia 7.2 Sources of vernacular writing 7.3 Morphological developments 7.4 Word classes in the vernacular 7.5 Word order in the post-classical era 7.6 Syntactic changes Chapter 8 Lexical and Semantic Changes 8.1 Extension 8.2 Narrowing 8.3 Shifting of word meaning 8.4 Substitution of lexical items 8.5 Mixed changes 8.6 Euphemism and taboos in lexical changes 8.7 Loanwords and calques 8.8 Clues to meaning change in Chinese characters Chapter 9 Formation of Modern Standard Chinese 9.1 Origin of the national language 9.2 The modern phonology system 9.3 Morphological properties 9.4 Word classes and cross-category flexibility 9.5 Typical word order 9.6 Aspect markers 9.7 Current uses of special grammatical constructions 9.8 Changes in the modern lexicon Chapter 10 Modern Chinese Dialects 10.1 Formation of Chinese dialects 10.2 Classification of Chinese dialects 10.3 Mandarin dialects 10.4 The Wu dialects 10.5 The Xiang dialects 10.6 The Gan dialects 10.7 The Kejia dialects 10.8 The Yue dialects 10.9 The Min dialects 10.10 Influences of the national language on dialects Chapter 11 The Chinese Writing System 11.1 Origin of Chinese characters 11.2 Development of the writing system 11.3 Six types of characters in the liùsh system 11.4 Characters in vernacular writing and dialects 11.5 Simplification of Chinese characters 11.6 Debates about the nature of Chinese writing References Appendix I: Major Chronological Divisions of Chinese History Appendix II: Articulatory Phonetics and IPA Appendix III: Chinese P ny n Pronunciation Guide Appendix IV: Correspondence Charts of P ny n and IPA Symbols Index
Table of contents Preface to the second edition List of tables List of figures List of syntax labels Chapter 1 Overview 1.1 What is Chinese historical linguistics? 1.2 Terminological clarification 1.3 Periodization of the Chinese language Chapter 2 Prehistory 2.1 Establishing linguistic genetic relationships 2.2 The Sino-Tibetan languages 2.3 How old is the Sino-Tibetan language family? 2.4 Linguistic properties of Proto-Sino-Tibetan Chapter 3 Old Chinese: The Elegant Speech 3.1 Evidence of sound change 3.2 Syllable structure of Chinese 3.3 Rhyme groups of Old Chinese 3.4 Initials of Old Chinese 3.5 Consonant clusters 3.6 Methodology of Old Chinese reconstruction 3.7 Tones in Old Chinese 3.8 A reconstructed system of Old Chinese Chapter 4 Middle Chinese: The Poetic Language 4.1 The rhyme dictionary Qièyùn 4.2 The f nqiè method 4.3 Structure of the Güngyùn 4.4 Rhyme tables 4.5 The linking method for analyzing the Güngyùn 4.6 The comparative reconstruction method 4.7 The notion of d ng ("division, grade") 4.8 A reconstructed system of Middle Chinese Chapter 5 Old Mandarin of Yuan Dynasty Dramas 5.1 The rhyme book Zh ngyuán Y nyùn 5.2 Categories of initials and finals in Old Mandarin 5.3 Reconstruction of Old Mandarin initials and finals 5.4 Tonal development Chapter 6 Classical Chinese Grammar 6.1 What is Classical Chinese? 6.2 Morphology 6.3 Word classes 6.4 Basic word order 6.5 Special grammatical constructions Chapter 7 Vernacular Writing 7.1 Diglossia 7.2 Sources of vernacular writing 7.3 Morphological developments 7.4 Word classes in the vernacular 7.5 Word order in the post-classical era 7.6 Syntactic changes Chapter 8 Lexical and Semantic Changes 8.1 Extension 8.2 Narrowing 8.3 Shifting of word meaning 8.4 Substitution of lexical items 8.5 Mixed changes 8.6 Euphemism and taboos in lexical changes 8.7 Loanwords and calques 8.8 Clues to meaning change in Chinese characters Chapter 9 Formation of Modern Standard Chinese 9.1 Origin of the national language 9.2 The modern phonology system 9.3 Morphological properties 9.4 Word classes and cross-category flexibility 9.5 Typical word order 9.6 Aspect markers 9.7 Current uses of special grammatical constructions 9.8 Changes in the modern lexicon Chapter 10 Modern Chinese Dialects 10.1 Formation of Chinese dialects 10.2 Classification of Chinese dialects 10.3 Mandarin dialects 10.4 The Wu dialects 10.5 The Xiang dialects 10.6 The Gan dialects 10.7 The Kejia dialects 10.8 The Yue dialects 10.9 The Min dialects 10.10 Influences of the national language on dialects Chapter 11 The Chinese Writing System 11.1 Origin of Chinese characters 11.2 Development of the writing system 11.3 Six types of characters in the liùsh system 11.4 Characters in vernacular writing and dialects 11.5 Simplification of Chinese characters 11.6 Debates about the nature of Chinese writing References Appendix I: Major Chronological Divisions of Chinese History Appendix II: Articulatory Phonetics and IPA Appendix III: Chinese P ny n Pronunciation Guide Appendix IV: Correspondence Charts of P ny n and IPA Symbols Index
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