Jean-Paul Sartre was a philosopher, novelist, public intellectual, biographer, playwright and founder of the journal Les Temps modernes. Born in Paris in 1905, Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1964 – and turned it down. His books include Nausea, Intimacy, The Flies, No Exit, The Freud Scenario, War Diaries, Critique of Dialectical Reason, and the monumental treatise Being and Nothingness. He died in 1980.