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Drawing from thousands of original research articles, this book focuses on new and emerging applications of supercritical water as a green solvent, including the catalytic conversion of biomass into fuels and the oxidation of hazardous materials. It begins with an introduction that defines supercritical fluids in general and then defines supercritical water in particular, using the saturation curve to illustrate its relationship to regular water. This book is written for students and professionals in physical chemistry, chemistry of water, chemical engineering, and organic chemistry interested…mehr
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Drawing from thousands of original research articles, this book focuses on new and emerging applications of supercritical water as a green solvent, including the catalytic conversion of biomass into fuels and the oxidation of hazardous materials. It begins with an introduction that defines supercritical fluids in general and then defines supercritical water in particular, using the saturation curve to illustrate its relationship to regular water. This book is written for students and professionals in physical chemistry, chemistry of water, chemical engineering, and organic chemistry interested in exploring the applications and properties of supercritical water.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 2. Aufl.
- Seitenzahl: 218
- Erscheinungstermin: 26. Juni 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 241mm x 155mm x 15mm
- Gewicht: 442g
- ISBN-13: 9780470889473
- ISBN-10: 0470889470
- Artikelnr.: 34743515
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 2. Aufl.
- Seitenzahl: 218
- Erscheinungstermin: 26. Juni 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 241mm x 155mm x 15mm
- Gewicht: 442g
- ISBN-13: 9780470889473
- ISBN-10: 0470889470
- Artikelnr.: 34743515
YIZHAK MARCUS, PHD, is Professor Emeritus of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His research focuses on solution chemistry, including aqueous, non-aqueous, and mixed solvents as well as solutions of electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Dr. Marcus has published six books and more than 300 papers in peer-reviewed journals.
Preface ix List of Acronyms and Symbols xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Phase Diagrams of Single Fluids
1 1.2 The Critical Point
3 1.3 Supercritical Fluids as Solvents
5 1.4 Gaseous and Liquid Water
8 1.5 Near-Critical Water
15 1.6 Summary
17 2 Bulk Properties of SCW 22 2.1 Equations of State(EoS)
22 2.1.1 PVT Data for SCW
22 2.1.2 Classical Equations of State of SCW
24 2.1.3 Scaling Equations of State for SCW
26 2.1.4 EoS of Supercritical Heavy Water
29 2.2 Thermophysical Properties of SCW
30 2.2.1 Heat Capacity
30 2.2.2 Enthalpy and Entropy
32 2.2.3 Sound Velocity
34 2.3 Electrical and Optical Properties
34 2.3.1 Static Relative Permittivity
34 2.3.2 Electrical Conductivity
37 2.3.3 Light Refraction
38 2.4 Transport Properties
39 2.4.1 Viscosity
39 2.4.2 Self-Diffusion
41 2.4.3 Thermal Conductivity
42 2.5 Ionic Dissociation of SCW
44 2.6 Properties Related to the Solvent Power of SCW
47 2.7 Summary
49 3 Molecular Properties of SCW 57 3.1 Diffraction Studies of SCW Structure
60 3.1.1 X-Ray Diffraction Studies of SCW Structure
61 3.1.2 Neutron Diffraction Studies of SCW Structure
62 3.2 Computer Simulations of SCW
66 3.2.1 Monte Carlo Simulations
67 3.2.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations
70 3.3 Spectroscopic Studies of SCW
74 3.3.1 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy
74 3.3.2 Raman Scattering Spectroscopy
77 3.3.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
79 3.3.4 Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy
82 3.4 The Extent of Hydrogen Bonding in SCW
83 3.5 The Dynamics of Water Molecules in SCW
90 3.6 Summary
92 4 SCW as a "Green" Solvent 100 4.1 Solutions of Gases in SCW
101 4.1.1 Phase Equilibria
101 4.1.2 Interactions in the Solutions
104 4.2 Solutions of Organic Substances in SCW
106 4.2.1 Phase Equilibria
106 4.2.2 Interactions in the Solutions
111 4.3 Solutions of Salts and Ions in SCW
115 4.3.1 Solubilities of Salts and Electrolytes
115 4.3.2 Thermodynamic Properties
121 4.3.3 Transport Properties
123 4.3.4 Ion Association in SCW
129 4.3.5 Ion Hydration in SCW
134 4.4 Binary Mixtures of Cosolvents with SCW
138 4.5 Summary
141 5 Applications of SCW 151 5.1 Conversion of Organic Substances to Fuel
152 5.1.1 Conversion to Hydrogen and Natural Gas
152 5.1.2 Conversion to Liquid Fuel
156 5.2 Supercritical Water Oxidation
157 5.2.1 General Aspects of SCWO Process
158 5.2.2 Examples of SCWO Applications
160 5.3 Uses of SCW in Organic Synthesis
162 5.4 Uses in Powder Technology of Inorganic Substances
164 5.5 Geothermal Aspects of SCW
166 5.6 Application of SCW in Nuclear Reactors
169 5.7 Corrosion Problems with SCW
171 5.8 Summary
174 Author Index 183 Subject Index 199
1 1.2 The Critical Point
3 1.3 Supercritical Fluids as Solvents
5 1.4 Gaseous and Liquid Water
8 1.5 Near-Critical Water
15 1.6 Summary
17 2 Bulk Properties of SCW 22 2.1 Equations of State(EoS)
22 2.1.1 PVT Data for SCW
22 2.1.2 Classical Equations of State of SCW
24 2.1.3 Scaling Equations of State for SCW
26 2.1.4 EoS of Supercritical Heavy Water
29 2.2 Thermophysical Properties of SCW
30 2.2.1 Heat Capacity
30 2.2.2 Enthalpy and Entropy
32 2.2.3 Sound Velocity
34 2.3 Electrical and Optical Properties
34 2.3.1 Static Relative Permittivity
34 2.3.2 Electrical Conductivity
37 2.3.3 Light Refraction
38 2.4 Transport Properties
39 2.4.1 Viscosity
39 2.4.2 Self-Diffusion
41 2.4.3 Thermal Conductivity
42 2.5 Ionic Dissociation of SCW
44 2.6 Properties Related to the Solvent Power of SCW
47 2.7 Summary
49 3 Molecular Properties of SCW 57 3.1 Diffraction Studies of SCW Structure
60 3.1.1 X-Ray Diffraction Studies of SCW Structure
61 3.1.2 Neutron Diffraction Studies of SCW Structure
62 3.2 Computer Simulations of SCW
66 3.2.1 Monte Carlo Simulations
67 3.2.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations
70 3.3 Spectroscopic Studies of SCW
74 3.3.1 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy
74 3.3.2 Raman Scattering Spectroscopy
77 3.3.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
79 3.3.4 Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy
82 3.4 The Extent of Hydrogen Bonding in SCW
83 3.5 The Dynamics of Water Molecules in SCW
90 3.6 Summary
92 4 SCW as a "Green" Solvent 100 4.1 Solutions of Gases in SCW
101 4.1.1 Phase Equilibria
101 4.1.2 Interactions in the Solutions
104 4.2 Solutions of Organic Substances in SCW
106 4.2.1 Phase Equilibria
106 4.2.2 Interactions in the Solutions
111 4.3 Solutions of Salts and Ions in SCW
115 4.3.1 Solubilities of Salts and Electrolytes
115 4.3.2 Thermodynamic Properties
121 4.3.3 Transport Properties
123 4.3.4 Ion Association in SCW
129 4.3.5 Ion Hydration in SCW
134 4.4 Binary Mixtures of Cosolvents with SCW
138 4.5 Summary
141 5 Applications of SCW 151 5.1 Conversion of Organic Substances to Fuel
152 5.1.1 Conversion to Hydrogen and Natural Gas
152 5.1.2 Conversion to Liquid Fuel
156 5.2 Supercritical Water Oxidation
157 5.2.1 General Aspects of SCWO Process
158 5.2.2 Examples of SCWO Applications
160 5.3 Uses of SCW in Organic Synthesis
162 5.4 Uses in Powder Technology of Inorganic Substances
164 5.5 Geothermal Aspects of SCW
166 5.6 Application of SCW in Nuclear Reactors
169 5.7 Corrosion Problems with SCW
171 5.8 Summary
174 Author Index 183 Subject Index 199
Preface ix List of Acronyms and Symbols xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Phase Diagrams of Single Fluids
1 1.2 The Critical Point
3 1.3 Supercritical Fluids as Solvents
5 1.4 Gaseous and Liquid Water
8 1.5 Near-Critical Water
15 1.6 Summary
17 2 Bulk Properties of SCW 22 2.1 Equations of State(EoS)
22 2.1.1 PVT Data for SCW
22 2.1.2 Classical Equations of State of SCW
24 2.1.3 Scaling Equations of State for SCW
26 2.1.4 EoS of Supercritical Heavy Water
29 2.2 Thermophysical Properties of SCW
30 2.2.1 Heat Capacity
30 2.2.2 Enthalpy and Entropy
32 2.2.3 Sound Velocity
34 2.3 Electrical and Optical Properties
34 2.3.1 Static Relative Permittivity
34 2.3.2 Electrical Conductivity
37 2.3.3 Light Refraction
38 2.4 Transport Properties
39 2.4.1 Viscosity
39 2.4.2 Self-Diffusion
41 2.4.3 Thermal Conductivity
42 2.5 Ionic Dissociation of SCW
44 2.6 Properties Related to the Solvent Power of SCW
47 2.7 Summary
49 3 Molecular Properties of SCW 57 3.1 Diffraction Studies of SCW Structure
60 3.1.1 X-Ray Diffraction Studies of SCW Structure
61 3.1.2 Neutron Diffraction Studies of SCW Structure
62 3.2 Computer Simulations of SCW
66 3.2.1 Monte Carlo Simulations
67 3.2.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations
70 3.3 Spectroscopic Studies of SCW
74 3.3.1 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy
74 3.3.2 Raman Scattering Spectroscopy
77 3.3.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
79 3.3.4 Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy
82 3.4 The Extent of Hydrogen Bonding in SCW
83 3.5 The Dynamics of Water Molecules in SCW
90 3.6 Summary
92 4 SCW as a "Green" Solvent 100 4.1 Solutions of Gases in SCW
101 4.1.1 Phase Equilibria
101 4.1.2 Interactions in the Solutions
104 4.2 Solutions of Organic Substances in SCW
106 4.2.1 Phase Equilibria
106 4.2.2 Interactions in the Solutions
111 4.3 Solutions of Salts and Ions in SCW
115 4.3.1 Solubilities of Salts and Electrolytes
115 4.3.2 Thermodynamic Properties
121 4.3.3 Transport Properties
123 4.3.4 Ion Association in SCW
129 4.3.5 Ion Hydration in SCW
134 4.4 Binary Mixtures of Cosolvents with SCW
138 4.5 Summary
141 5 Applications of SCW 151 5.1 Conversion of Organic Substances to Fuel
152 5.1.1 Conversion to Hydrogen and Natural Gas
152 5.1.2 Conversion to Liquid Fuel
156 5.2 Supercritical Water Oxidation
157 5.2.1 General Aspects of SCWO Process
158 5.2.2 Examples of SCWO Applications
160 5.3 Uses of SCW in Organic Synthesis
162 5.4 Uses in Powder Technology of Inorganic Substances
164 5.5 Geothermal Aspects of SCW
166 5.6 Application of SCW in Nuclear Reactors
169 5.7 Corrosion Problems with SCW
171 5.8 Summary
174 Author Index 183 Subject Index 199
1 1.2 The Critical Point
3 1.3 Supercritical Fluids as Solvents
5 1.4 Gaseous and Liquid Water
8 1.5 Near-Critical Water
15 1.6 Summary
17 2 Bulk Properties of SCW 22 2.1 Equations of State(EoS)
22 2.1.1 PVT Data for SCW
22 2.1.2 Classical Equations of State of SCW
24 2.1.3 Scaling Equations of State for SCW
26 2.1.4 EoS of Supercritical Heavy Water
29 2.2 Thermophysical Properties of SCW
30 2.2.1 Heat Capacity
30 2.2.2 Enthalpy and Entropy
32 2.2.3 Sound Velocity
34 2.3 Electrical and Optical Properties
34 2.3.1 Static Relative Permittivity
34 2.3.2 Electrical Conductivity
37 2.3.3 Light Refraction
38 2.4 Transport Properties
39 2.4.1 Viscosity
39 2.4.2 Self-Diffusion
41 2.4.3 Thermal Conductivity
42 2.5 Ionic Dissociation of SCW
44 2.6 Properties Related to the Solvent Power of SCW
47 2.7 Summary
49 3 Molecular Properties of SCW 57 3.1 Diffraction Studies of SCW Structure
60 3.1.1 X-Ray Diffraction Studies of SCW Structure
61 3.1.2 Neutron Diffraction Studies of SCW Structure
62 3.2 Computer Simulations of SCW
66 3.2.1 Monte Carlo Simulations
67 3.2.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations
70 3.3 Spectroscopic Studies of SCW
74 3.3.1 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy
74 3.3.2 Raman Scattering Spectroscopy
77 3.3.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
79 3.3.4 Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy
82 3.4 The Extent of Hydrogen Bonding in SCW
83 3.5 The Dynamics of Water Molecules in SCW
90 3.6 Summary
92 4 SCW as a "Green" Solvent 100 4.1 Solutions of Gases in SCW
101 4.1.1 Phase Equilibria
101 4.1.2 Interactions in the Solutions
104 4.2 Solutions of Organic Substances in SCW
106 4.2.1 Phase Equilibria
106 4.2.2 Interactions in the Solutions
111 4.3 Solutions of Salts and Ions in SCW
115 4.3.1 Solubilities of Salts and Electrolytes
115 4.3.2 Thermodynamic Properties
121 4.3.3 Transport Properties
123 4.3.4 Ion Association in SCW
129 4.3.5 Ion Hydration in SCW
134 4.4 Binary Mixtures of Cosolvents with SCW
138 4.5 Summary
141 5 Applications of SCW 151 5.1 Conversion of Organic Substances to Fuel
152 5.1.1 Conversion to Hydrogen and Natural Gas
152 5.1.2 Conversion to Liquid Fuel
156 5.2 Supercritical Water Oxidation
157 5.2.1 General Aspects of SCWO Process
158 5.2.2 Examples of SCWO Applications
160 5.3 Uses of SCW in Organic Synthesis
162 5.4 Uses in Powder Technology of Inorganic Substances
164 5.5 Geothermal Aspects of SCW
166 5.6 Application of SCW in Nuclear Reactors
169 5.7 Corrosion Problems with SCW
171 5.8 Summary
174 Author Index 183 Subject Index 199